Blog post: The Linux kernel is just a program
I’ve been working on a "Linux Inside Out" series and wrote a post that might interest folks here who like low(ish)-level / OS internals.
The idea is to dissect the components of a Linux OS, layer by layer, and build a mental model of how everything fits together through experiments.
The first part is about the kernel, in the post I:
* take the same kernel image my distro boots from /boot
* boot it directly with QEMU (no distro, no init system)
* watch it panic
* write a tiny Go program and use it as PID 1
* build a minimal initramfs around it so the kernel can actually start our process
The goal isn’t to build a real distro, just to give a concrete mental model of:
* that the Linux kernel is just a compressed file, you can boot it
* without anything else
* what the kernel actually does at boot
* how it hands control to userspace
* what PID 1 / init is in practice
* what is kernel space vs user space
Link: serversfor.dev/linux-inside-ou…
I’m the author, would be happy to hear from other devs whether this way of explaining things makes sense, and what you’d add or change for future posts in the series.
Hope you find it useful.
The Linux kernel is just a program
Most books and courses introduce Linux through shell commands, leaving the kernel as a mysterious black box doing magic behind the scenes.serversfor.dev
like this
so the specific image adds nothing (since being arrested anywhere for anything usually ends up with being in a cell), and could just be any image depicting anyone in a cell?
perhaps it was foolish of me to think there was a joke here.
US Supreme Court agrees to hear case challenging birthright citizenship
US Supreme Court agrees to hear case challenging birthright citizenship
Donald Trump's controversial executive order to end birthright citizenship had been rejected by lower courts.Brandon Drenon (BBC News)
Amy Westervelt: It’s Time We Stopped Treating Corporations As People
Amy Westervelt: It’s Time We Stopped Treating Corporations As People | Atmos
Treating corporations as people and granting them First Amendment rights has warped US politics and harmed the climate. We need to overturn Citizens United.Atmos
adhocfungus likes this.
Trump’s White House ballroom would be bigger than the White House itself
Trump’s White House ballroom would be bigger than the White House itself
The White House will submit plans this month for Trump’s $300M, privately funded ballroom, set to be the largest addition to the mansion since the Oval Office.AP via Scripps News Group (News Channel 5 Nashville (WTVF))
Chinese Hospital Ship Visits Jamaica as US Gunboats Ply Caribbean
Chinese Hospital Ship Visits Jamaica as US Gunboats Ply Caribbean
A Chinese hospital ship quietly docked in hurricane-hit Jamaica this week, projecting soft power into the heart of the Caribbean where a US armada is conducting a controversial anti-narcotics mission targeted at Venezuela.Jim Wyss (Bloomberg)
like this
Whats your prederred method of keeping track of websites ?
Do you have a ton of bookmarks like me?
I find normal people just Google everything and click the top result. They've never even bookmarked a page.
But for those of us who love the real internet (not corpo-net, as id refer to web 3.0 being), html pages and webrings, theyre often not even searchable any more because of enshittification of search engines.
Are there other ways besides bookmarks ?
Supreme Court allows Texas to use redistricting map challenged as racially discriminatory
The Supreme Court on Thursday gave the green light to Texas’ efforts to be able to use a new congressional map favorable to Republicans in the 2026 elections despite a lower court’s ruling that the map unconstitutionally sorts voters based on race. In a brief, unsigned opinion, a majority of the court granted the state’s request to pause the ruling issued earlier this month by a three-judge district court in El Paso. That ruling had been on hold since Nov. 21, when Justice Samuel Alito – who handles emergency appeals from Texas – temporarily stayed it to give the justices time to consider the state’s request; Wednesday’s decision extends that hold indefinitely.
The court’s five-paragraph order indicated that “Texas is likely to succeed on the merits of its claim that the District Court committed at least two serious errors.” Moreover, it added, the lower court “improperly inserted itself into an active primary campaign, causing much confusion and upsetting the delicate federal-state balance in elections.”
Justice Elena Kagan dissented from the ruling, in an opinion joined by Justices Sonia Sotomayor and Ketanji Brown Jackson. Thursday’s order, she said, “announces that Texas may run next year’s elections with a map the District Court found to have violated all our oft-repeated strictures about the use of race in districting. Today’s order,” she continued, “disrespects the work of a District Court that did everything one could ask to carry out its charge—that put aside every consideration except getting the issue before it right.”
Supreme Court allows Texas to use redistricting map challenged as racially discriminatory
Updated on Dec. 5 at 8:58 a.m. The Supreme Court on Thursday gave the green light to Texas’ efforts to be able to use a new congressional map favorable to […]Amy Howe (SCOTUSblog)
Do moderators see posts and comments in every language or only in the ones they selected?
I was thinking about my post “Should I set the language when I post something?” (Is this the right way to link to a post?) again.
Does the way language gets used on Lemmy imply that a moderator would need to select all languages in the settings to prevent them from overlooking some content?
And wouldn't this be very annoying if the same account gets used for non-moderation usage?
like this
Translation costs either money or user data. Probably a political issue.
Personally, I still can't understand why Lemmy needs to deal with post and comment languages anyway. It's a reasonable feature for microblogging. But when you start sorting content into groups (aka boards, communities, etc.), you don't really need to mix different languages to discuss one specific topic.
Netnews and Bulletin Board Systems had language- and location-specific communities. Everyone participating in one of these communities/groups/boards was writing in the same language.
LibreTranslate - Free and Open Source Machine Translation API
Free and Open Source Machine Translation API. Free to download, offline capable and easy to setup. Run your own API server in just a few minutes.libretranslate.com
A CDC panel has struck down universal newborn hepatitis B vaccination
The altered Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, without new data to justify a reassessment, will no longer recommend universal hepatitis B vaccination at birth. The committee voted 8–3 to limit vaccination of newborns to those whose mothers test positive for the virus.
For mothers who test negative during pregnancy, ACIP now recommends waiting until their infants are two months of age to give them the first dose. There was no evidence provided at the meeting to support this timing change.
A CDC panel has struck down universal newborn hepatitis B vaccination
A reshaped vaccine committee voted to scale back newborn hepatitis B shots despite decades of data showing the birth dose is safe, effective and vital.Aimee Cunningham (Science News)
adhocfungus likes this.
Israel’s Latest Military Tech: Tested in Gaza, Wanted by the West
Man leaving mosque shot dead by IDF in West Bank
The Palestinian Ministry of Health in the West Bank announced on Friday that a man was killed by IDF fire in the Palestinian village of Udala, south of Nablus.
Palestinian sources told Haaretz that the deceased, Bahaa Abed al-Rahman Rashed, 38, was fatally shot as he left a mosque in the village.
According to the sources, IDF forces entered the center of the village and surrounded the Udala mosque.
Sources said that the soldiers opened fire and threw tear gas canisters as worshippers left the mosque.
Appeals court okays firings of two independent agency heads
The D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals said in a 2-to-1 ruling that President Trump acted lawfully in firing two members of independent agencies, despite federal laws that hold they can only be fired for cause, because they wield significant executive power.
The ruling comes as the Supreme Court prepares to hear arguments in a similar case on Monday.
The case decided by the appeals court was brought by Cathy Harris, a Democratic member of the Merit Systems Protection Board, and Gwynne Wilcox, a Democratic member of the National Labor Relations Board. Trump fired both within weeks of taking office but did not cite any permissible reason, such as neglect of duty or malfeasance in office.
RSF attacks kindergarten in Sudan; U.S. strikes another boat in the Pacific
cross-posted from: lemmy.ml/post/39908251
Israeli attacks continue across Gaza. Trump plans to unveil his “Board of Peace” before Christmas. The UN says aid into Gaza is still being blocked. Palestinian political prisoner Marwan Barghouti is brutally beaten. Nicholas Kristof confronts former Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak about his Epstein ties. Another U.S. strike in the Pacific. NYC Mayor-Elect Zohran Mamdani asks 179 city officials to resign, while outgoing Mayor Eric Adams signs a pro-Israel executive order. Federal judge dismisses antisemitism suit against Harvard. U.S. President Donald Trump shortens asylum seekers’ work permits. Rwanda and the DRC sign a peace deal in Washington. Forty-seven killed, mostly children, after the RSF attacks a kindergarten in Sudan. Ukraine is staring at a massive population crisis, according to a Reuters report. Russian President Vladimir Putin is found culpable for a 2018 death by a UK public inquiry. Clashes between the Yemeni government and UAE-backed separatists in Hadramaut. A boycott of Israeli participation in Eurovision materializes. Netflix to buy Warner Bros.
like this
'Unauthorized' Edit to Ukraine's Frontline Maps Point to Polymarket's War Betting
A live map that tracks frontlines of the war in Ukraine was edited to show a fake Russian advance on the city of Myrnohrad on November. The edit coincided with the resolution of a bet on Polymarket, a site where users can bet on anything from basketball games to presidential election and ongoing conflicts.
If Russia captured Myrnohrad by the middle of November, then some gamblers would make money. According to the map that Polymarket relies on, they secured the town just before 10:48 UTC on November 15. The bet resolved and then, mysteriously, the map was edited again and the Russian advance vanished.
To adjudicate the real time exchange of territory in a complicated war, Polymarket uses a map generated by the Institute for the Study of War (ISW), a DC-based think tank that monitors conflict around the globe. The battle around Myrnohrad has dragged on for weeks and Polymarket has run bets on Russia capturing the site since September. News around the pending battle has generated more than $1 million in trading volume for the Polymarket bet "Will Russia capture Myrnohrad."
Im sorta a computer hoarder but what can i do with some older desktops?
Over the past few years ive gotten desktops from various smaller thrift stores but not i feel like i have too many and im not sure what to so with them? Do i save them and turn them into a bugger project? Do i make a nas out of one of them? Im stumped theres so many things to do with a pc that i dont know where to start, or if this is even the right place to post in?
I pretty much saved theses from e-waste and scalpers but most of the machines are devices nobody wants or has a issue.
like this
A suggestion: if you can't find anything else for them, keep them around as parts machines.
There should still be useful components in them. For instance, a lot of the Wi-Fi modems may still be perfectly good for other things as long as they're mini-PCIE (I don't know if they use those in desktops). They may not be the absolute newest standard, but should still do the trick; it certainly came in handy when my sister's laptop's Wi-Fi modem decided to be a brat - I just swapped in an Intel modem from a laptop from 2016.
I might not fully trust the SSDs or the HDDs, but they can still have their uses. There's one SSD from an old desktop that I currently have hooked up to my Wii U.
i just do ls -R / | grep -i "common sense"
i know it's super inefficient but i'm the only one who uses it so dude who fucking cares
I only see
500 Internal Server Error
––––––––––––––––
Cloudflare
Perché in Europa viaggiare in treno costa di più che viaggiare in aereo
Perché in Europa viaggiare in treno costa di più che viaggiare in aereo
Sebbene i viaggi in treno attraverso l'Europa siano di gran lunga migliori per l'ambiente, i viaggi internazionali in treno costano molto di più dei voli, e nel caso dell'Italia, anche i viaggi nazionali.Veronica Miglio (Geopop)
reshared this
I was given a steam giftcard for my b-day, what now?
Not sure if this goes here but i have a steam giftcard, but i also like free stuff for example piracy even if i barley do so and dont know much about it.
Its only 20 bucks but im not sure what its worth putting into.
Should i just get like a steam deck or something with a mix of my money and the gift card?
What would you advise?
like this
Here's my rule of piracy if you're buying something
- You're really passionate about the product and you really want to support the developer or publisher
- The game gets frequent updates which you see value in which causes issues whenever you have to download updates separately from another site
- there is some type of online or connect feature that you cannot get offline that you see value in... This can be mods or multiplayer etc
Or if you want to play a game on a steam deck and it's really cheap. After all, you and I both know it's incredibly easy to play something on steam deck straight from Steam rather than having to shortcut to a pirated exe
like this
like this
Engineer proves that Kohler’s smart toilet cameras aren’t very private
Engineer proves that Kohler’s smart toilet cameras aren’t very private
Kohler is getting the scoop on people’s poop.Scharon Harding (Ars Technica)
How to work around RAM prices?
Kohler Can Access Data and Pictures from Toilet Camera It Describes as “End-to-End Encrypted”
Kohler Can Access Data and Pictures from Toilet Camera It Describes as “End-to-End Encrypted” - /var/log/simon
Claimed end-to-end privacy doesn’t fully conceal your rear-end datavarlogsimon.leaflet.pub
"End-to-end encrypted using the time-tested ROT-13 cypher."
Or something even more porous.
Florida starts redistricting talks in a growing battle for House control in 2026 elections
https://apnews.com/article/florida-redistricting-congress-trump-0ed1cc98d7aa3de46653dee5b5d4cea0
Critics Take Hakeem Jeffries To Task For Praising Trump's Latest Pardon
Critics Take Hakeem Jeffries To Task For Praising Trump's Latest Pardon
Many blasted the House minority leader's reaction to Trump pardoning a Democrat who was indicted on charges of bribery and acting as a foreign agent.Ben Blanchet (HuffPost)
[Jacobin] Citizenship by Algorithm: Narendra Modi transformed India’s biometric ID system from a tool for promoting social welfare into a mechanism of mass surveillance and disenfranchisement.
Archive link in case anyone hits a paywall.
This article is from September, but it is good, and in light of other recent efforts by the Indian government at mass surveillance of their population, I think it is worth a read.
A system like Aadhaar is a great way for governments to sneak in a platform of surveillance and control under the guise of welfare and could serve as a model for other governments seeking to supercharge their own surveillance efforts.
Citizenship by Algorithm
Narendra Modi transformed India’s biometric ID system from a tool for promoting social welfare into a mechanism of mass surveillance and disenfranchisement.jacobin.com
like this
They're torturing Marwan Barghouti
like this
Ci ha lasciato Sandro Giacobbe, cantante genovese innamorato della propria città
La scorsa estate aveva collaborato con il concittadino Empi in un rewind di uno dei suoi brani più noti: Sarà la nostalgia.
- YouTube
Profitez des vidéos et de la musique que vous aimez, mettez en ligne des contenus originaux, et partagez-les avec vos amis, vos proches et le monde entier.www.youtube.com
Rebecca Heineman, Transgender Video Game Pioneer, Dies at 62
Fleeing an abusive home life, she went on to win a national Space Invaders tournament, taught herself to program and left a trail of popular games in her wake.
Warnings About Retrobright Damaging Plastics After 10 Year Test
Warnings About Retrobright Damaging Plastics After 10 Year Test
Within the retro computing community there exists a lot of controversy about so-called ‘retrobrighting’, which involves methods that seeks to reverse the yellowing that many plastics su…Hackaday
Le dernier MastApéroStrasbourg, ou encore le LastApéroStrasbourg, en mode pirate pour la fin d'année !
N'hésitez pas à venir nous voir !
An End to Hepatitis B Shots for All Newborns
A federal panel voted on Friday to recommend halting the at-birth shots for all infants, in a step toward Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr.’s goal of upending the nation’s vaccine policy.
Cloudflare outage on December 5, 2025
Cloudflare outage on December 5, 2025
Cloudflare experienced a significant traffic outage on December 5, 2025, starting approximately at 8:47 UTC. The incident lasted approximately 25 minutes before resolution.The Cloudflare Blog
Cloudflare outage on December 5, 2025
Cloudflare outage on December 5, 2025
Cloudflare experienced a significant traffic outage on December 5, 2025, starting approximately at 8:47 UTC. The incident lasted approximately 25 minutes before resolution.The Cloudflare Blog
Watched Bugonia and I Saw The TV Glow
I didn't expect these movies to have anything in common thematically
::: spoiler spoiler
but they're both literally about moon guys making life real sad
:::
Also, both had an immersion breaking moment when someone I know from podcasting showed up halfway through the film.
And they're both great! Highly recommend to everyone here. I'm sure mostly everyone here has seen I Saw the TV Glow but Bugonia is another Lanthimos banger.
Netflix to buy Warner Bros film and streaming businesses for $72bn
Netflix to buy Warner Bros film and streaming businesses for $72bn
The major Hollywood deal means Netflix will takeover ownership of franchises including Harry Potter and Game of Thrones.Rachel Clun (BBC News)
EU fines X €120 million under the Digital Services Act
Commission fines X €120 million under the Digital Services Act
Today, the Commission has issued a fine of €120 million to X for breaching its transparency obligations under the Digital Services Act (DSA).European Commission - European Commission
Mechanize likes this.
After Years of Controversy, the EU’s Chat Control Nears Its Final Hurdle: What to Know
Cross posted from: feddit.uk/post/40600495
After a years-long battle, the European Commission’s “Chat Control” plan, which would mandate mass scanning and other encryption-breaking measures, at last codifies agreement on a position within the Council of the EU, representing EU States. The good news is that the most controversial part, the forced requirement to scan encrypted messages, is out. The bad news is there’s more to it than that.
Chat Control has gone through several iterations since it was first introduced, with the EU Parliament backing a position that protects fundamental rights, while the Council of the EU spent many months pursuing an intrusive law-enforcement-focused approach. Many proposals earlier this year required the scanning and detection of illicit content on all services, including private messaging apps such as WhatsApp and Signal. This requirement would fundamentally break end-to-end encryption.
Thanks to the tireless efforts of digital rights groups, including European Digital Rights (EDRi), we won a significant improvement: the Council agreed on its position, which removed the requirement that forces providers to scan messages on their services. It also comes with strong language to protect encryption, which is good news for users.
Continue reading here - eff.org/deeplinks/2025/12/afte…
like this
The truth is, the fascists will always relentlessly find another crevice to stick their dirty hands into. A compromise with fascists isn't a win - it's a defeat with extra steps. Their so called "risk mitigation" is essentially another way in achieving the exact same thing from another angle.
That being said; the war continues. And while it is good that we avoided this policy - we'll never actually win until we change something.
Exclusive: India weighs greater phone-location surveillance; Apple, Google and Samsung protest
cross-posted from: lemmy.zip/post/54387905
India's government is reviewing a telecom industry proposal to force smartphone firms to enable satellite location tracking that is always activated for better surveillance
Exclusive: India weighs greater phone-location surveillance; Apple, Google and Samsung protest
India's government is reviewing a telecom industry proposal to force smartphone firms to enable satellite location tracking that is always activated for better surveillance
Has anyone been able to play efootball 19 on linux?
I would appreciate if there's any tricks to get game to work on linux
like this
Israel remains in Eurovision
Ireland, Spain, the Netherlands and Slovenia will boycott next year's Eurovision Song Contest, after Israel was allowed to compete.
They were among a number of countries who had called for Israel to be excluded over the humanitarian toll of the war in Gaza, and accusations of unfair voting practices.
Despite calls for a vote on Israel's participation, members instead approved a new set of rules intended to protect the integrity of the contest.
Ireland's national broadcaster RTE said it felt that its "participation remains unconscionable given the appalling loss of lives in Gaza and the humanitarian crisis there which continues to put the lives of so many civilians at risk."
In a statement, Dutch broadcaster Avrotros said that "participation under the current circumstances is incompatible with the public values that are essential to us".
Spanish broadcaster RTVE added: "The board of directors of RTVE agreed last September that Spain would withdraw from Eurovision if Israel was part of it."
"This withdrawal also means that RTVE will not broadcast the Eurovision 2026 final... nor the preliminary semi-finals."
Continue reading here - bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cde6d8…
Ireland among countries boycotting Eurovision after Israel allowed to compete
There had been calls for Israel to be excluded over the conduct of the war in Gaza.Mark Savage (BBC News)
like this
RRF Caserta Speciale Ucraina .Diplomazia frenetica e guerra totale 05 12 25
VNC Server setup
like this
GitHub - neonkore/waypipe: waypipe is a proxy for Wayland[0] clients
waypipe is a proxy for Wayland[0] clients. Contribute to neonkore/waypipe development by creating an account on GitHub.GitHub
vncserver :1 to create X11 display :1 and vnc server on port 5901. if you want to start vnc on a (physical) session already running, you can run x0vncserver. there's also x11vnc but x0vncserver feels much faster for me.
rubdos
in reply to zknd • • •Hyunta🫥
in reply to zknd • • •Klumz
in reply to zknd • • •brownmustardminion
in reply to zknd • • •Farnsworth
in reply to zknd • • •zknd
in reply to Farnsworth • • •MonkderVierte
in reply to zknd • • •zknd
in reply to Farnsworth • • •utopiah
in reply to zknd • • •Part 02 - Getting Something to Boot
Jake Sandler (Building an Operating System for the Raspberry Pi)utopiah
in reply to utopiah • • •FWIW makes me wonder how much work would be required to have this as a Web container, e.g. Dockerfile with
then github.com/container2wasm/cont…
Edit: FWIW the image of Debian 13 with QEMU and its utils is ~1.1Gb
GitHub - container2wasm/container2wasm: Container to WASM converter
GitHubGoodman
in reply to zknd • • •1984
in reply to zknd • • •non_burglar
in reply to zknd • • •zknd
in reply to non_burglar • • •non_burglar
in reply to zknd • • •Nice, and good job.
With respect:
I want to be careful here not to discourage you, this is great exploration!
I realize I'm handing out unsolicited advice here, but when I was first learning about Unix/Linux kernels in the Solaris and HP/UX days, the thing that helped the process "click" for me was compiling a kernel and building an ELF. And if you're going to continue on this journey (which I hope you do), you should probably read a bit on memory segmentation and broadly about assembly instructions.
Good luck!
zknd
in reply to non_burglar • • •Thank you for the feedback!
My goal with this series is to make Linux internals more approachable, so I’m intentionally keeping each post narrow and avoiding details that would overwhelm readers at this stage.
The primary target audience of these blog posts are developers, and I have a progression plan in mind how to build up layer by layer the necessary knowledge they need to know to understand how they program work/interact with the other parts of the OS. The boot process or the exact composition of the kernel image is irrelevant here in my opinion, they wont need to touch them on a VPS for example or on their dev machine.
Regarding the kernel space/user space I did not write that the kernel space stopped, I will come back to it in the next post that will be about system calls, we will discuss there that when our programs interact with the kernel we are switching between user and kernel mode back and forth, with the syscall instruction (on x86-64 systems).
Anyway, I really appreciate your feedback and that you put effort into it, and thank you for reading the post! 😀
MonkderVierte
in reply to zknd • • •I like the "take things appart, recombine, look what breaks" approach, same line of thought.
Btw, i think the current tech stack (CPU, initram, X/Wayland server, input handling, pam/polkit) is just shoehorned Desktop on tech made for server and a lot of historical baggage.
Quazatron
in reply to zknd • • •utopiah
in reply to zknd • • •The code of the program:should also suggest which file to edit, e.gpotato.go. It might be obviously to anybody working with Go but for others it's not.zknd
in reply to utopiah • • •That is a fair point, thank you!
I am fixing it.