Wired Italia

2025-11-11 02:30:00

Per la cucina italiana patrimonio dell'Unesco arriva il primo semaforo verde
https://www.wired.it/article/cucina-italiana-patrimonio-unesco-documento-iscrizione/?utm_source=flipboard&utm_medium=activitypub

Pubblicato su Cultura @cultura-WiredItalia

Per la cucina italiana patrimonio dell'Unesco arriva il primo semaforo verde

Un documento tecnico dell'organizzazione culturale dell'Onu riconosce il valore del dossier e spiana la strada verso il voto finale a dicembre in India

^{Pietro Deragni (Wired Italia)}

404 Media

2025-11-11 17:45:56

Remnants of Lost Continents Are Everywhere. Now, We Finally Know Why.

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Tiny remnants of long-lost continents that vanished many millions of years ago are sprinkled around the world, including on remote island chains and seamounts, a mystery that has puzzled scientists for years.

Now, a team has discovered a mechanism that can explain how this continental detritus ends up resurfacing in unexpected places, according to a study published on Tuesday in Nature Geoscience.

When continents are subducted into Earth’s mantle, the layer beneath the planet’s crust, waves can form that scrape off rocky material and sweep it across hundreds of miles to new locations. This “mantle wave” mechanism fills in a gap in our understanding of how lost continents are metabolized through our ever-shifting planet.

“There are these seamount chains where volcanic activity has erupted in the middle of the ocean,” said Sascha Brune, a professor at the GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences and University of Potsdam, in a call with 404 Media. “Geochemists go there, they drill, they take samples, and they do their isotope analysis, which is a very fancy geochemical analysis that gives you small elements and isotopes which come up with something like a ‘taste.’”

“Many of these ocean islands have a taste that is surprisingly similar to the continents, where the isotope ratio is similar to what you would expect from continents and sediments,” he continued. “And there has always been the question: why is this the case? Where does it come from?”

These continental sprinkles are sometimes linked to mantle plumes, which are hot columns of gooey rock that erupt from the deep mantle. Plumes bring material from ancient landmasses, which have been stuck in the mantle for eons, back to the light of day again. Mantle plumes are the source of key hot spots like Hawai’i and Iceland, but there are plenty of locations with enriched continental material that are not associated with plumes—or any other known continental recycling mechanisms.

The idea of a mantle wave has emerged from a series of revelations made by Brune’s team, including a 2023 study that identified evidence of similar dynamics occurring within continents. By studying patterns in the distribution of diamonds across South Africa, the researchers showed that slow cyclical motions in the mantle dislodge chunks off the keel of landmasses as they plunge into the mantle. Their new study confirms that these waves can also explain how the elemental residue of the supercontinent Gondwana, which broke up over 100 million years ago, resurfaced in seamounts across the Indian Ocean and other locations.

In other words, the ashes of dead continents are scattered across extant landmasses following long journeys through the mantle. Though it’s not possible to link these small traces back to specific past continents or time periods, Brune hopes that researchers will be able to extract new insights about Earth’s roiling past from the clues embedded in the ground under our feet.

“What we are saying now is that there is another element, with this kind of pollution of continental material in the upper mantle,” Brune said. “It is not replacing what was said before; it is just complementing it in a way where we don't need plumes everywhere. There are some regions that we know are not plume-related, because the temperatures are not high enough and the isotopes don't look like plume-affected. And for those regions, this new mechanism can explain things that we haven't explained before.”

“We have seen that there's quite a lot of evidence that supports our hypothesis, so it would be interesting to go to other places and investigate this a bit more in detail,” he concluded.

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Enriched mantle generated through persistent convective erosion of continental roots - Nature Geoscience

Convective erosion and lateral transport of metasomatized continental keels may generate enriched mantle geochemical domains sampled by oceanic volcanism, according to a geodynamic modelling study.

^Nature

404 Media

2025-11-11 16:52:55

Visualize All 23 Years of BYTE Magazine in All Its Glory, All at Once

Fifty years ago—almost two decades before WIRED, seven years ahead of PCMag, just a few years after the first email ever passed through the internet and with the World Wide Web still 14 years away—there was BYTE. Now, you can see the tech magazine's entire run at once. Software engineer Hector Dearman recently released a visualizer to take in all of BYTE’s 287 issues as one giant zoomable map.

The physical BYTE magazine published monthly from September 1975 until July 1998, for $10 a month. Personal computer kits were a nascent market, with the first microcomputers having just launched a few years prior. BYTE was founded on the idea that the budding microcomputing community would be well-served by a publication that could help them through it.

“You need the hardware before you can progress through the first gate of a system. A virgin computer is useless so you add some software to fill it out. And the whole point of the exercise—in many but not all cases—is to come up with some interesting and exotic applications,” editor Carl Helmers wrote in the first issue’s introduction. “The technical content of BYTE is roughly divided into the trilogy of hardware, software and applications. Each component of the trilogy is like a facet of a brilliant gem—the home brew computer applied to personal uses.”

Dearman told me his first attempt at the site was in September of last year, but this version launched in August 2025. “Once I had a workable strategy it took a couple of weekends to put it all together,” he said.

Dearman told me he first became interested in BYTE after his dad Chris, also a software engineer, died in early 2022. Right out of university, Chris Dearman worked at a London computer company called Whitechapel Computer Works.

“There was very little on the internet about the computers he worked on (now mostly famous for being named after a computer in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy),” Hector Dearman said. He came across an article titled “Realizing a Dream” by Dick Pountain in the February 1985 issue of BYTE in the Internet Archive’s scans that covered the Whitechapel Computer Works MG-I, named after the fictional computer called the “Milliard Gargantubrain” in Hitchhiker’s Guide.

“The article was amazing but I was captivated by the adverts,” Dearman said. “I kept coming back to them and the more I did the more I realized what an incredible core sample BYTE was—both of the personal computing revolution and of the changes in graphic design and printing over those decades. That compulsion eventually turned into this project.”

Pages from the February 1985 issue of BYTE

Dearman said he was inspired by the Image Quilts tool that makes collages of images, and Jef Raskin’s “zoomable user interfaces.” To create the BYTE visualizer, Dearman sourced scans from the Vintage Apple archive (the Internet Archive also has a massive searchable repository of BYTE magazine issues) and converted the archive’s PDFs to image tiles. He then put the image tiles into Seadragon—around 500,000 tiles at 1024x1024 pixels each. “I wrote some custom software for this. I tried locally on my computer for a while but ran out of patience pretty quickly. Luckily it's a very parallel problem, I ended up with something that could do every tile for a given layer of the Seadragon image pyramid in parallel,” Dearman told me. “According to my Google Cloud bill I used around 500 hours of CPU time that month. For the final run I think I used 200 instances for ~20 minutes to generate the tiles—the future is pretty cool sometimes.”

On the BYTE visualizer site’s about page, Dearman quotes pioneering computer scientist Alan Kay: "[...] pop culture holds a disdain for history. Pop culture is all about identity and feeling like you’re participating. It has nothing to do with cooperation, the past or the future—it’s living in the present. I think the same is true of most people who write code for money. They have no idea where [their culture came from]—and the Internet was done so well that most people think of it as a natural resource like the Pacific Ocean, rather than something that was man-made.”

Looking at the massive map of BYTE issues means looking at almost 23 years of computer history, at a time when the technology was exploding from hobby to household essential. When BYTE launched in 1975, it catered to a niche group of hackers, engineers, and people trying to tinker with expensive, chunky kits. By its final issue in 1998, it was publishing a Y2K survival guide and reviews of the hot new operating system Windows 98, and running ads for the world’s first 19 inch CRT computer monitor alongside an editorial about LCD monitors asking “Does Your Future Look Flat?”

“The relationship between Computing and its history is that of a willful amnesiac,” Dearman writes on the site. “We discard the past as fast as possible, convinced it cannot possibly contain anything of value. This is a mistake. The classic homilies are accurate: Failing to remember the past we are condemned to repeat it—as often as tragedy as farce.”
playlist.megaphone.fm?p=TBIEA2…

Zoomable Interfaces

Asa Raskin, the son of the late Jef Raskin, recently gave a presentation at Google on the work his company, Humanized, is doing. It’s largely a continuation of the work of his father.

^{Jeff Atwood (Coding Horror)}

404 Media

2025-11-11 15:03:08

DHS Is Deploying a Powerful Surveillance Tool at College Football Games

A version of this article was previously published on FOIAball, a newsletter reporting on college football and public records. You can learn more about FOIAball and subscribe here.

Last weekend, Charleston’s tiny private military academy, the Citadel, traveled to Ole Miss.

This game didn’t have quite the same cachet as the Rebels' Week 11 opponent this time last year, when a one-loss Georgia went to Oxford.

A showdown of ranked SEC opponents in early November 2024 had all eyes trained on Vaught-Hemingway Stadium.

Including those of the surveillance state.

According to documents obtained by FOIAball, the Ole Miss-Georgia matchup was one of at least two games last year where the school used a little-known Department of Homeland Security information-sharing platform to keep a watchful eye on attendees.

The platform, called the Homeland Security Information Network (HSIN), is a centralized hub for the myriad law enforcement agencies involved with security at big events.
CREDIT: Ole Miss/Georgia EAP, obtained by FOIAball
According to an Event Action Plan obtained by FOIAball, at least 11 different departments were on the ground at the Ole Miss-Georgia game, from Ole Miss campus police to a military rapid-response team.

HSINs are generally depicted as a secure channel to facilitate communication between various entities.

In a video celebrating its 20th anniversary, a former HSIN employee hammered home that stance.“When our communities are connected, our country is indeed safer," they said.

In reality HSIN is an integral part of the vast surveillance arm of the U.S. government.

Left unchecked since 9/11, supercharged by technological innovation, HSIN can subject any crowd to almost constant monitoring, looping in live footage from CCTV cameras, from drones flying overhead, and from police body cams and cell phones.

HSIN has worked with private businesses to ensure access to cameras across cities; they collect, store, and mine vast amounts of personal data; and they have been used tofacilitate facial recognition searches from companies like Clearview AI.

It’s one of the least-reported surveillance networks in the country.

And it's been building this platform on the back of college football.

Since 9/11, HSINs have become a widely used tool.

A recentInspector General report found over 55,000 active accounts using HSIN, ranging from federal employees to local police agencies to nebulous international stakeholders.

The platforms host what’s called SBU, sensitive but unclassified information, including threat assessments culled from media monitoring.

According to aprivacy impact study from 2006, HSIN was already maintaining a database of suspicious activities and mining those for patterns.

"The HSIN Database can be mined in a manner that identifies potential threats to the homeland or trends requiring further analysis,” it noted.

In anupdated memo from 2012 discussing whose personal information HSIN can collect and disseminate, the list includes the blanket, “individuals who may pose a threat to the United States.”

A 2023 DHS “Year in Review” found that HSIN averaged over 150,000 logins per month.

Its Connect platform, which coordinates security and responses at major events, was utilized over 500 times a day.

HSIN operated at the Boston Marathon, Lollapalooza, the World Series, and the presidential primary debates. It has also been used at every Super Bowl for the last dozen years.

DHS is quick to tout the capabilities of HSINs in internal communications reviewed by FOIAball.

In doing so, it reveals the growth of its surveillance scope. In documents from 2018, DHS makes no mention of live video surveillance.

But a 2019annual review said that HSINs used private firms to help wrangle cameras at commercial businesses around Minneapolis, which hosted the Final Four that year.

“Public safety partners use HSIN Connect to share live video streams from stationary cameras as well as from mobile phones,” it said. “[HSIN communities such as] the Minneapolis Downtown Security Executive Group works with private sector firms to share live video from commercial businesses’ security cameras, providing a more comprehensive operating picture and greater situational awareness in the downtown area.”

And the platform has made its way to college campuses.

Records obtained by FOIAball show how pervasive this technology has become on college campuses, for everything from football games to pro-Palestinian protests.

In November 2023, students at Ohio State University held several protests against Israel’s war in Gaza. At one, over 100 protesters blocked the entrance to the school president’s office.

Areport that year from DHS revealed the protesters were being watched in real-time from a central command center.

Under the heading "Supporting Operation Excellence," DHS said the school used HSIN to surveil protesters, integrating the school’s closed-circuit cameras to live stream footage to HSIN Connect.

“Ohio State University has elevated campus security by integrating its closed-circuit camera system with HSIN Connect,” it said. “This collaboration creates a real-time Common Operating Picture for swift information sharing, enhancing OSU’s ability to monitor campus events and prioritize community safety.”

“HSIN Connect proved especially effective during on-campus protests, expanding OSU’s security capabilities,” the school’s director of emergency management told DHS. “HSIN Connect has opened new avenues for us in on-campus security.”

While it opened new avenues, the platform already had a well-established relationship with the school.

According to aninternal DHS newsletter from January 2016, HSIN was utilized at every single Buckeyes home game in 2015.

“HSIN was a go-to resource for game days throughout the 2015 season,” it said.

It highlighted that data was being passed along and analyzed by DHS officials.

The newsletter also revealed HSINs were at College Football Playoff games that year and have been in years since. There was no mention of video surveillance at Ohio State back in 2015. But in 2019, that capability was tested at Georgia Tech.

There, police used “HSIN Connect to share live video streams with public safety partners.”

A2019 internal newsletter quoted a Georgia Tech police officer about the use of real-time video surveillance on game days, both from stationary cameras and cell phones.

“The mobile app for HSIN Connect also allows officials to provide multiple, simultaneous live video streams back to our Operations Center across a secure platform,” the department said.

Ohio State told FOIAball that it no longer uses HSIN for events or incidents. However, it declined to answer questions about surveilling protesters or football games.

Ohio State’s records department said that it did not have any documents relating to the use of HSIN or sharing video feeds with DHS.

Georgia Tech’s records office told FOIAball that HSINs had not been used in years and claimed it was “only used as a tool to share screens internally." Its communications team did not respond to a request to clarify that comment.

Years later, DHS had eyes both on the ground and in the sky at college football.

According to the 2023 annual review, HSIN Connect operated during University of Central Florida home games that season. There, both security camera and drone detection system feeds were looped into the platform in real-time.

DHSsaid that the "success at UCF's football games hints at a broader application in emergency management.”

HSIN has in recent years been hooked into facial recognition systems.

A 2024report from the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights found that the U.S. Marshals were granted access to HSIN, where they requested "indirect facial recognition searches through state and local entities" using Clearview AI.

Which brings us to the Egg Bowl—the annual rivalry game between Ole Miss and Mississippi State.

FOIAball learned about the presence of HSIN at Ole Miss through a records request to the city’s police department. It shared Event Action Plans for the Rebels’ games on Nov. 9, 2024 against Georgia and Nov. 30, 2024 against Mississippi State.

It’s unclear how these partnerships are forged.

In videos discussing HSIN, DHS officials have highlighted their outreach to law enforcement, talking about how they want agencies onboarded and trained on the platform. No schools mentioned in this article answered questions about how their relationship with DHS started.

The Event Action Plan provides a fascinating level of detail that shows what goes into security planning for a college football game, from operations meetings that start on Tuesday to safety debriefs the following Monday.

Its timeline of events discusses when Ole Miss’s Vaught-Hemingway Stadium is locked down and when security sweeps are conducted. Maps detail where students congregate beforehand and where security guards are posted during games.

The document includes contingency plans for extreme heat, lightning, active threats, and protesters. It also includes specific scripts for public service announcers to read in the event of any of those incidents.

It shows at least 11 different law enforcement agencies are on the ground on game days, from school cops to state police.

They even have the U.S. military on call. The 47th Civil Support Team, based out of Jackson Air National Guard Base, is ready to respond to a chemical, biological, or nuclear attack.

All those agencies are steered via the document to the HSIN platform.

Under a section on communications, it lists the HSIN Sitroom, which is “Available to all partners and stakeholders via computer & cell phone.”

The document includes a link to an HSIN Connect page.

It uses Eli Manning as an example of how to log in.

“Ole Miss Emergency Management - Log in as a Guest and use a conventional naming convention such as: ‘Eli Manning - Athletics.’”

On the document, it notes that the HSIN hosts sensitive Personally Identifiable Information (PII) and Threat Analysis Documents.

“Access is granted on a need-to-know basis, users will need to be approved prior to entry into the SitRoom.”

“The general public and general University Community is not permitted to enter the online SitRoom,” it adds. “All SitRooms contain operationally sensitive information and PII, therefore access must be granted by the ‘Host’.”

It details what can be accessed in the HSIN, such as a chat window for relaying information.

It includes a section on Threat Analysis, which DHS says is conducted through large-scale media monitoring.

The document does not detail whether the HSIN used at Ole Miss has access to surveillance cameras across campus.

But that may not be something explicitly stated in documents such as these.

Like Ohio State, UCF told FOIAball that it had no memoranda of understanding or documentation about providing access to video feeds to HSINs, despite DHS acknowledging those streams were shared. Ole Miss’ records department also did not provide any documents on what campus cameras may have been shared with DHS.

While one might assume the feeds go dark after the game is over, there exists the very real possibility that by being tapped in once, DHS can easily access them again.

“I’m worried about mission creep,” Matthew Guariglia, a senior policy analyst at the Electronic Frontier Foundation, told FOIAball. “These arrangements are made for very specific purposes. But they could become the apparatus of much greater state surveillance.”

For Ole Miss, its game against Georgia went off without any major incidents.

Well, save for one.

During the second quarter, asquirrel jumped onto the field, and play had to be stopped.

In the EAP, there was no announcer script for handling a live animal interruption.

Scoop: Inside DHS's vast college football surveillance effort

Documents obtained by FOIAball reveal how the feds surveil SEC, Big Ten games.

^{David Covucci (FOIAball)}