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bad news "AI bubble doomers". I've found the LLMs to be incredibly useful and reduce the workload (and/or make people much, MUCH more effective at their jobs with the "centaur" model).
Is it overhyped? FUCK Yes. Salespeople Gotta Always Be Closing. But this is NOTHING like the moronic Segway (I am still bitter about that crap), Cryptocurrency, which is all grifters and gamblers and criminals end-to-end, and the first dot-com bubble where not NEARLY enough people had broadband or even internet access, plus the logistics systems to support shipping products was nowhere REMOTELY where it is today.
If you are expecting this "AI bubble" to pop anytime soon, uh.. you might be waiting a bit longer than you think? Overhyped, yes, overbuilding, sure, but not remotely a true bubble any any of the same senses of the three examples I listed above 👆. There's something very real, very practical, very useful here, and it is getting better every day.
If you find this uncomfortable, I'm sorry, but I know what I know, and I can cite several dozen very specific examples in the last 2-3 weeks where it saved me, or my team, quite a bit of time.
ok, you caught me… Centaur model?? That's a new one for me. I'm not at the vanguard of LLM stuff, but I'm also not totally out of the loop… or at least I thought I wasn't.
A computational model called Centaur, developed by fine-tuning a language model on a huge dataset called Psych-101, can predict and simulate human nature in experiments expressible in natural language, even in previously unseen situations.
@troglobit @octothorpe "centaur" is also used as a term to describe human in control, LLM doing the leg work. Opposed to vibe coding, where LLM is driving. From context it sounds like Jeff could be talking about this -- augmented human with LLM help, rather than autonomous LLM.
@ctietze @troglobit @octothorpe Can someone give a concrete example of using LLMs in centaur mode? The theory makes total sense, but I can’t really picture what it looks like in practice.
@Balu @ctietze @troglobit @octothorpe basically, double check its work, and build upon it. Never present a LLM work as "final", but treat it as a rough first draft which you manually improve and build upon.
@pberry in my experience, yes. Stop generating synethic porn videos and furry porn images, first of all, if you want to talk about where the REAL energy use is going. Let's drop the artifice and get real here.
the structural deals between OpenAI, Oracle, NVIDIA, and all the companies they rely on for data centers just feels…frothy. Yes, I read a lot of Ed Zitron.
it's real in much the same way the railroad boom was real (rather than tulip mania, say).
But LLMs are also not remotely worth the level of valuations and investment we're seeing, and that is a bubble that will pop. "Useful" and "a bubble" can both be true.
Many other types of AI systems have been in production use for years but command nothing like this kind of manic investment.
@jannem but the "bubble" warnings of financial experts from Deutsche bank aren't about usefulness. It's about assets, revenue streams and the fact this frantic building of generic data centers is hiding the recession in the US.
Housing is useful too. Didn't stop the 2008 crash...
@jannem you missed the point. Usefullness is no predictor for whether a market is inflated to the point any deflation will ripple through to other markets. As the housing/banking crisis did. They're not saying AI is useless. They're saying too many investors are exposed to too high risks in a volatile market and it will hurt people.
the comparison between housing and datacenters is fundamentally broken and not relevant. Literally apples and oranges. But if you want to carry on with this broken comparison, go ahead. Just leave me out of it. Or, don't, and you will regret it.
@JorisMeys @jannem Oh, I definitely will have a great day, because I'm putting $69m into action to help desperately poor people and orgs doing amazing work.
and again, the data centers will be useful for a lot of other compute tasks, driving cost down for everyone on a lot of problems. Why people can't see this, I don't know, but at this point? Fuck 'em. I am tired of explaining what I know to be true, and my track record on predictions is pretty goddamn good. Believe me or don't. I don't care. I don't care about anything except doing my GMI studies, and I will absolutely guarantee not just a minimum income in these rural counties in poverty, but that I will never, ever stop doing science on this. You will have to kill me to stop me. And even then, it will go on without me, because the team we have built is extraordinaryblog.codinghorror.com/the-road…
@jannem and again, nobody said they were useless. But somebody has to pay to keep the lights on. I hope you're right and it won't be tax payers picking up the bill again.
“I can cite several dozen very specific examples in the last 2-3 weeks where it saved me, or my team, quite a bit of time.”
Please do, if you can. Because most time I’ve tried to use LLMs for work the error rate ends up costing me MORE time than I would have spent without, and most AI boosters are short on specifics. We just had a presentation at my job on how we all need to be using AI with no case studies of how it’s actually been useful so far.
here's one: a friend confided he is unhoused, and it is difficult for him. I asked ChatGPT to summarize local resources to deal with this (how do you get ANY id without a valid address, etc, chicken/egg problem) and it did an outstanding, amazing job. I printed it out, marked it up, and gave it to him.
Here's two: GiveDirectly did two GMI studies, Chicago and Cook County and we were very unclear what the relationship was, or why they did it that way. ChatGPT also knocked this out park and saved Tia a lot of time finding that information out, so she was freed up to focus on other work.
I could go on and on and on. Email me if you want ~12 more specific examples. With citations.
But also realize this: I am elite at asking very good, well specified, very clear, well researched questions, because we built Stack Overflow.
You want to get good at LLMS? learn how to ask better questions of evil genies. I was raised on that. 🧞
or community management, where the best reference books are hostage negotiation books. Also, that's not a joke. They are the best reference books for community management, hands down.
@evanwolf @sethrichards wait, what? I'm intrigued! Do you have any specific recommendations for hostage negotiation books that were useful in your community management experience?
Does the benefit you found here go beyond e.g. Covey's "First try to Understand" principle, or reflective listening and the like? I'm intrigued but also very disappointed by most non-fiction books with that one weird trick you really got to know, spread across 200 pages.
I see, everyone else is using it wrong... Tools this bad/difficult should not be being presented how thier are. People are not going to invest days in prompt engineering before asking a generic LLM for medical advice.
@falken @sethrichards the tool over-hype masks the huge underlying utility. If you think of it as a tool that you need to learn to use and not your “AI co-worker” or other hype-fueled nonsense, it is quite productive. Example: I am not an iOS engineer but I’m a principal engineer. With me directing Claude Code, reviewing its work, setting code standards, and asking for refactors, I produced thousands of lines of well-factored, tested code iOS code that passed review and shipped.
I'm an enthusiast programmer. I usually ask questions on Stack Overflow when I can't solve hard programming problems myself. But when I ask questions, people usually start downvoting them (my worst
@sethrichards "A friend is unhoused, and although I can afford to bet a million dollars, I didn't house him, I gave him some AI slop". What a saint you are!
well, we allocated $69m to this, and I'd have to get divorced to do more, because half is what we agreed on (though that is, in fact, more than half). If you'd like me to get divorced, let me know. Refer to: blog.codinghorror.com/stay-gol… and blog.codinghorror.com/the-road…
Evil genies with a severe form of ADD of some sort.
You hit it on the head - the prompt is the key.
With an experienced human - vagueness is often acceptable, and they will usually ask for clarification. The AI doesn't ask - it guesses, often incorrectly. So you need to over-specify in the prompt, including things it might be insulting to mention when talking to an experienced human. Then iterate, and aggressively steer that conversation.
This is why I don't see the AI as replacing a human except for trivial situations. It's a force multiplier, but not a replacement, and the skills necessary to use them effectively are non-obvious.
That's helpful, thanks. I guess the follow-up question is, how do you know you can trust the output? That's the real crux of the issue for me. My experience has been that these systems will confidently generate a mix of right and wrong info, while stripping all the context clues I've traditionally used to gauge validity. If I have to resort to traditional web searches etc. to check their work then I might as well skip the LLM step.
@sethrichards@mas. Those examples do not make it clear to skeptical drive-by readers like me how you established the extent to which the output you received was actually correct
Is part of the magic value add to embrace the idea that for many activities, being "actually correct" isn't the most important criteria? Compared to, eg, just having a direction to get started in.
If someone could reference or breakdown examples that did unpack actual correctness, that would be persuasive.
the internet is also incredibly useful and yet the dotcom bubble was a real bubble that destroyed hundreds of companies. The AI race is a circular economy that is 100% dependent on delivering “superintelegence”, not just “very very useful” tech. Will it? Maybe… but it’s not crazy to see risk there.
not sure I follow… The “internet is the future” people were not wrong… and yet they all got wiped out when the bubble popped. It took years to recover and many great companies formed in the aftermath (YouTube put the excess capacity to good use for example). My point is that AI can be very useful, and the future of tech, and also ready to pop and wipe out billions in corporate value at the same time.
again, I've explained this like 15 damn times now.. a) the first bubble was because ALMOST NOBODY was ON the internet, and those that were had crap connections. We needed broadband and much wider adoption of broadband everywhere. b) the systems of logistics and shipping were terrible back then, and evolved exponentially since.
yeah I was there working at a startup in NYC too… I get your point. You think any AI bubble will be mitigated because the tech can be delivered to the consumer easily this time.
I was making a different point that I think explains why you still hear AI doomers despite it being useful tech. It’s still a very dangerous bubble that will likely misallocate vast funds and careers IMO. Anyway it’s fine. sorry, I didn’t mean to frustrate you with my comment.
I agree there are great uses for llms. But I'm not sure the dot com boom happened because of broadband and logistics. It happened because revenues and profits took more than half a decade longer to catch expectations. So there are certain similarities to today.
@javiervg yes, and revenues and profits were not there for the exact reasons I said. a) not enough users on the internet period, and far from enough broadband and b) wildly underdeveloped logistics / shipping systems.
revenues were no there because just broadband. Broadband did make new applications possible , Netflix streaming, etc. All new technologies take time to adopt. ecommerce took almost a decade to 2.5% of total sales. It is still not even close to what people thought in 2000.
Profits were more because many companies focused on attracting customers, investing no matter the cost. Once money to support losses stopped flowing in. The dance stopped, market crashed, so yes similarities
there really are not that many similarities to today. the LLMs are useful RIGHT FUCKING NOW for SO MANY scenarios. And everyone is on the internet, because they have to be -- otherwise how do they ever get laid. Or apply for a job. Or look up information. Or.. really ANYTHING AT ALL. Good luck living off the 'net these days. You're gonna need it.
@poswald Pithy take: LLM bubble is mostly the lack of cheap GPU bandwidth and the energy/water logistics issue. In 20 years those problems will be LONG gone.
@egerlach @poswald yeah but I worry about nvidia's extreme dominance here. We need a LOT more competition in GPUs. AMD is trying, but we need like 4-5 more companies building and innovating hardware. This is why I'm kinda sad Apple isn't willing, because their hardware is INCREDIBLE.
@poswald In terms of monopolists, I'm slightly more concerned about TSMC and ASML. If Nvidia implodes, others will rise from the corpse. Too much talent there not to. But the fab design/implementation cycle is much longer than the chip design cycle. Would take much longer to recover. But TSMC is also more resilient than Nvidia.
I'm also concerned about the new Intel CEO. Doesn't seem to value long-term investment. I think Intel was 1-2 generations from being a competitive player, but I don't have faith they keep it up now.
one can make a fairly successful argument that the “sons of segway” the lithium-ion powered cheap Chinese made scooters and e-bikes are reshaping cities and last mile mobility.
I'll tag you in a few days with this project I'm working on. VERY much not a big deal. But way beyond my capabilities. I've been using Cgpt to help build my new portfolio site. During this, I have found it is grossly object blind to its own errors. First drafts are always cool, way beyond anything I could do or even afford to pay someone for. But I'll find a glitch and then spend 10hrs trying to get it to track it down. It just pushes the error further down the line, but still there. The only fix was to dump that chat window and start fresh, completely rephrasing the issue and the desired resolution.
Ironically, this is more like a human than anything else. Humans are invariably unable to see their inherent personality and thinking flaws. No matter how well pointed out, how hard they are worked on, invariably they spend more time pushing the problem around and not actually solving it. We have entire industries built on this very issue, therapists, pop culture self-improvement, religions... For the last 19 days I've run into this same issue with it every single day. And spent way more time not fixing minor issues it generated than actually moving forward.
5 times it even gave me code to drop in that had spelling errors. We track the bug down and it blamed me. I copied and pasted that very code and fed it back to it to find the issue and then deny it wrote that error. Talk about a freakishly human thing to do.
I've used it now for 2yrs to help with art projects. It's far better for that than almost every human I know. With the correct personality framework, it ends up being incredibly useful as a sort of partner in the project.
I do think there's a lot it cannot do, yet. For specific tasks it is better than many humans can be. And I think, given the resources being tossed at it, this is going to rework most all of human culture/industry/interaction. But if it already has human flaws built into it, I suspect that those will grow in a similar way.
Rich Skrenta writes that code is our enemy.
Code is bad. It rots. It requires periodic maintenance. It has bugs that need to be found. New features mean old code has to be adapted. The more code you have, the more places there are for bugs to hide.
@retech yes yes, and then we do write code—not that useful to me to think of it as failure even though not writing code is always desireable. I‘m not as dismissive towards LLM writing code, but it surely would be criminal not to understand the output.
I'm right there with you. The increased productivity is staggering when you know how to write the prompts. 1. Pretend you're writing a legal document or contract - say the things that seem obvious and be painfully precise. 2. use the LLM to eliminate tedious tasks entirely. 3. treat it like a smart junior team member you're collaborating with - give it the shape of what you expect the result to be.
Using these rules, what used to take 3 days can be accomplished in 3 hours.
@elijah studies indicate that we overestimate how much it actually speeds us up, but treating it as a junior dev or an intern is the way to work with it.
I complain constantly about the mistakes it makes, but I often use it to scaffold boilerplate and make quick small adjustments successfully. I just have to be super vigilant about what parts I commit. When possible providing an example of what you're trying to accomplish helps.
Model Evaluation and Threat Research is an AI research charity that looks into the threat of AI agents! That sounds a bit AI doomsday cult, and they take funding from the AI doomsday cult organisat…
@noodlejetski @codingcoyote I'm well aware of that study. I only know what the actual impacts have been in my experience.
All I can share is the real-world experience I have. ex: Creating production-quality services implementing business logic between two APIs used to take a few days with learning the APIs, writing the tests, setting up dev and e2e testing environments, integrating with CI, etc. Now, AI does 90% of the drudgery while we're doing meaningful things elsewhere.
@elijah @noodlejetski @codingcoyote that seems very carefully phrased. You didn't say "now it takes less time". I don't mean to be antagonistic, so please forgive me for if I'm being silly. I'm just trying to understand, so being explicit is helpful.
@tartley @elijah @noodlejetski @codingcoyote again, I think programming and coding is one of the WORST uses cases for LLMs. It requires extreme precision and total accuracy and .. that's not really what they're good at.
Nobody is questioning the practical utility, the problems are all fundamentally about economics. Unless someone makes breakthroughs that can at scale generate ROI, you're going to reach a threshold where there's not enough capital in the market to sustain the ongoing investment while also simultaneously starving investment in other industries.
Obviously the investors know what they're doing right, that's probably what everyone assumes at this stage 😀
@deepfryed having a lot of competition in compute time is a very good thing. Compute time is useful for a LOT of stuff, and competition pushes prices down for all.
Attached: 1 image
We simulated the human mind with a chatbot. It didn’t work
not advocating data fraud! technically
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JlW-jTjhGXo&list=UU9rJrMVgcXTfa8xuMnbhAEA - video
https://pivottoai.libsyn.
here's one: a friend confided he is unhoused, and it is difficult for him. I asked ChatGPT to summarize local resources to deal with this (how do you get ANY id without a valid address, etc, chicken/egg problem) and it did an outstanding, amazing job. I printed it out, marked it up, and gave it to him.
Here's two: GiveDirectly did two GMI studies, Chicago and Cook County and we were very unclear what the relationship was, or why they did it that way. ChatGPT also knocked this out park and saved Tia a lot of time finding that information out, so she was freed up to focus on other work.
I could go on and on and on. Email me if you want ~12 more specific examples. With citations.
But also realize this: I am elite at asking very good, well specified, very clear, well researched questions, because we built Stack Overflow.
You want to get good at LLMS? learn how to ask better questions of evil genies. I was raised on that. 🧞
those examples sound OK, but I'm not particularly interested on their specifics or picking them apart.
I'd be interested on how representative of the overall experience they are. Because they're still anedoctal evidence and I don't think one could generalize LLMs' usefulness from them.
That's what I meant by expecting some unbiased research or study with thorough analysis, specially given how LLM users seem to be bad at estimating the benefits: metr.org/blog/2025-07-10-early…
@tinsuke "those examples sound OK, but I'm not particularly interested on their specifics or picking them apart."
Which means they are valid examples. I can provide a few dozen more via email if you want. Highly specific, too.
To your point, I think LLMs will continue suck a lot at code and coding, because it requires very precise, very accurate language. But a LOT of human tasks do not require this level of precision. Compare with answering the phone at the local public zoo. How many times do you think you say the same 20 answers over and over?
largely agreed, but given the literal trillions we’re spending I feel the bar for this not being a financial bubble is much higher than mere existence of utility.
After the dust settles, will we have useful LLMs? Yes. Will most AI investors have lost their shirts? Also yes.
@karppinen totally agree, once the bubble bursts and all the techbros move onto their next Ponzi scheme then maybe the real people can make something actually useful out of ai (and sensibly rename it)
@johnnyvibrant @karppinen look, people, if you can't see what garbage cryptocurrency is compared to this, then again -- you're not worth my time to even talk to.
@karppinen @johnnyvibrant because a bubble based on something that actually works, and has value, and isn't completely impractical is very different from a bubble based on bullshit.
Bad news "subprime housing bubble doomers". I've found homes incredibly useful and reduce life on street (and/or make people much happier of their conditions).
This is NOTHING like previous overleveraged financing and not REMOTELY like a true bubble because people live in houses and banks won't yank them.
If you find this to be uncomfortable, sorry, but lessons have to be learned. @codinghorror
Ahh… so the onus is on me to somehow uncover the true costs of the model training, etc., despite the fact that all of the players in the industry go to great lengths to obfuscate them?
no, you can do nothing and provide no evidence for your arguments. It doesn't matter to me; nothing matters to me. I am doing the county level GMI studies no matter what. No one can stop me from doing science and putting my money in the hands of poor people in rural counties in the USA. You do whatever you need to do, John, and I will do what I need to do to stay alive. How about that. blog.codinghorror.com/the-road…
To be clear, Jeff, I firmly believe what you’re doing in terms of wealth distribution, both in terms of your personal wealth, and the “stay gold” initiative is incredibly admirable. Whilst it’s an option only available to a few, taking a top-down approach such as the one you’re taking is one of the few ways meaningful change can be enacted.
It’s a pity there’s not more people out there with the same attitude, and the courage to put their money where their mouth is.
Concepts like Universal Basic Income/Guaranteed Minimum Income and an acceptance of the environmental trade-offs of AI feel like uncomfortable bedfellows to me though, although perhaps I’m just ill-informed. Either way, I’ve the luxury of not being in a position where my opinion or influence matter in the slightest.
Irrespective, I very much wish you well with “stay gold”. If there were more people with your convictions, the world would be a measurably better place.
@Middaparka I'm not super worried since all the solar graphs are far, far exceeding the most positive predictions and estimates. And we can use compute time for a lot of very useful things. A decline in cost of compute time benefits the whole world. But yes, they should be built sustainably and in harmony with the earth, JUST LIKE EVERYTHING ELSE WE HAVE EVER BUILT.
> The unfettered growth in Gen-AI has notably outpaced global regulatory efforts, leading to varied and insufficient oversight of its socioeconomic and environmental impact [...]
The rapid expansion of generative artificial intelligence (Gen-AI) is propelled by its perceived benefits, significant advancements in computing efficiency, corporate consolidation of artificial intelligence innovation and capability, and limited reg…
@nikclayton @Middaparka I'll have to research this because Google alone seems unlikely to move the needle on emissions based on how awful internal combustion engines are, airflights, etc. I'd shut down all the airlines first if I was really serious about emissions. Let me do some deeper research and get back to you in 15 minutes.
I'll stop calling it a bubble when core functionality stops being neglected for shoehorning into everything no matter how hard one tries to actively avoid it as justification for circular investments.
As much as I'm sceptical of anyone saying it actually improves their ability to do X task with Y amount of people, websites didn't die when the dotcom bubble burst and neither did cryptocurrencies. They just got relegated to the tasks they were actually useful for after enough blood was spilled to write the regulations with it. All of my complaints with using LLMs for things can be resolved without killing it off entirely.
Lately my issue is more with the zero sum game nature of it. it'd be difficult now, but I could've easily got along without internet when that bubble burst. I got along just fine each time cryotocurrencies went bust. With what people are reducing a the two-letter marketing phrase of half a century ago is something I'm constantly having to actively avoid at basically every step, and even then there's very likely personal data of mine that I cannot prevent from being fed into training data no mater how loudly and how explicitly I state that I DO NOT consent.
If it's so useful, I don't need to be cautious about my operating system, the tools I use, where I host my projects, what configuration I have set for everything down that pipeline, and risk remaining in a perpetual state of unemployment if I don't change the workflow I've had for over a decade so that at every one of those steps my hand is forced further and further away from the vision I as the creator of said projects had in mind and more towards tweaking a system I never asked to become the entirety of my work. If it's so useful, its own merits will have me curious and I'll actually take the plunge of my own volition.
But how it's done now, how pervasive and inescapable it's becoming, how stigmatised wanting to perfect a craft with your own two hands at every step of the way is becoming, it's less reminiscent of a revolutionary paradigm shift and more reminiscent of the cult I left when I entered adulthood.
there is a bubble because there is no way these AI companies will be profitable. The dotcom bubble burst bot because the internet wasn't useful (it was) but because all the dotcom companies were unprofitable.
Investors expect exponential growth, but there is no way for openAI to grow any further, and it's difficult for them to charge any more money from customers. AI models are too easy to replicate by competitors, so there is no lockin, costomers can go to competitors any time.
then there are the investments being made now, which will be impossible to downpay ($100 billion???). Nvidia is singlehandedly holding up the US economy, but that share price is based on expected future earnings. But how can Nvidia expect even bigger investments in the future? What happens to all the funds invested in Nvidia when Nvidia suddenly won't expect AI companies to make huge investments the next quarter?
and we've seen the diminishing returns on new LLM models. There is exponential growth in costs to develop a new marginally better model. There just isn't demand or willingness to pay for that model.
Once a technology becomes good enough then it's more about convenience than quality. MP3 isn't the best audio, but it's dominant, same as streaming movies, even though Blu-ray is technical much better.
Even small LLMs have been shown to be good enough for most use...
The LLM / GAI people are hitting exponential difficulty walls with massively diminishing returns. I don’t care how many GPUs and “training data” you throw at the problem, you can’t brute force your way out of this… but you can certainly waste billions trying. My self driving car bet with Carmack is the canary in the coal mine. When, and only when, we have fully autonomous SAE level 5 self driving cars, we thus by definition have true, full general purpose artificial Intelligence: blog.codinghorror.com/the-2030…
It’s my honor to announce that John Carmack and I have initiated a friendly bet of $10,000* to the 501(c)(3) charity of the winner’s choice:
By January 1st, 2030, completely autonomous self-driving cars meeting SAE J3016 level 5 will be commercially…
my experiences differ from yours and it has actually been more of a problem than a help in my team. Even if this wasn't the case, the fact many LLMs are based on dubious content sources and consume massive amounts of energy make them deeply unappealing to me from an ethical standpoint
deep AI/ML bubble or GenAI bubble? I think there is a difference and unless deep AI/ML can take up the momentum, I think GenAI AI will pop. There was a huge web bubble and yet here I am 25 years later replying directly to a legend via the web.
I hold with those who feel we're overestimating in the short term and underestimating in the long term.
@sashabilton waymo execs straight up say they think we'll NEVER get to SAE level 5, so if "deep AI" means real artificial intelligence, certainly not in my lifetime, and probably not in my children's lifetime, would be my best estimate. Beyond that, who knows. We need deep breakthroughs in Quantum computing to make any progress IMO. Computers are currently too shackled in their binary world of 1 and 0, all or nothing.
Considering how these models are trained and how the fair use principle is abused, praising current crop of big AI models is a bit in contradiction with your values, no?
Or do I have a wrong impression of you about ethics, privacy, and doing the right thing?
Creative commons license also has a non-commercial, no-derivs, attribution, share-alike license (CC-NC-BY-SA), which I license my blog with. This normally blocks AI training (no transformation, no-sell, must-cite), so, CC doesn't allow free-reign over training, and I don't want to feed models with my output.
So your stance is, "tech is more important, we can figure ethics later" AFAICS.
not at all what I said. I'm saying licensing is a FUCKING NIGHTMARE problem. Have you ever even once looked at how difficult music licensing is, alone? Protip: read this: infosec.exchange/@codinghorror… and then this infosec.exchange/@codinghorror…
My rule-0 is don't do anything that you don't want to experience. So, again, if I misunderstood you, sorry about that (English is not my native language to begin with). It's not my intention to stuff words into anyone's mouth.
Yes, I know how music licensing is a hell of an onion. I played in an orchestra and have enough musician friends to experience in close proximity.
yeah and music licensing -- which is a living nightmare -- is trivial compared to how complex "INDIVIDUALLY NEGOTATE AND LICENSE EVERY SINGLE BIT OF CONTENT EVER CREATED FOREVER" is gonna be. I'm not saying steal everything. I'm saying this is an INSANELY difficult problem to take on and solve.
I understand what you are saying, but actually it's not "that" hard if you want to solve it, but the AI industry doesn't want to solve it, because current form of "steal first, apologize later, but never remove that data" is much more profitable for them, for now.
@bayindirh I don't condone stealing at all but "let's create another fifty thousand different nightmare mode bureaucracy licensing systems like music" is really not appealing to me either. Creators should get paid for their work, for sure.
You, of all people, know that musicians get screwed more than anyone else with that "perfectly legal and OK" licensing system. So is it a good system, then?
No, music licensing and academic publishing is two mediums that rip the creators the most. I support neither model in their current forms.
My proposition is a narrower interpretation of fair use and license detection on the page.
If you gonna sell this model or to access to it, assume everything is "All rights reserved". Any license preventing transformation stops scraping. Viral licenses assumed affect all output, exclude cite requiring content if your model can't cite. Simple.
@bayindirh the disconnect is that web crawling was always allowed, so this effectively destroys all web crawling. It's not nearly as simple as you're painting here. This is "shit's easy syndrome"
Guys building "The Stack" use a license filtering system to select what to include. LLMs are "smart" enough to understand licensing lines on the things they ingest.
If industry wants, we can add relevant HTTP headers to our pages to signal our stance.
They are simple, open ways to communicate what creators want. The only obstacle is the AI companies. Will they cooperate?
@bayindirh I mean, everything's simple when you don't have to actually do it or implement it yourself and are imagineering stuff. All I'm saying is, you are RADICALLY underestimating how hard this problem is. I agree with you that it matters and we need to figure it out.
@bayindirh (this reminds me of people who think web crawling is an easy problem and OH MY GOD it is SO difficult. Bing sucked SO bad at this for a decade+)
Creators want to monetize their content can "just" return HTTP402 to relevant bots, again if the AI companies stop masquerading their bots as home users via distributed residential proxies and fake user agent strings.
I will try. Try, because I'm an unpleasantly busy period of my life. On the other hand, 500 character limit makes us look like more conflicted than we are.
I'm aware of the pitfalls and shortcomings of my proposal, because it's purely technical, but the problem is mostly social.
Again, technical problems are easy, humans are hard.
The proposal I'll write will technically work until it hits real world, because of humans and tragedy of commons.
@denisbloodnok @bayindirh can you provide citations? I mostly use ChatGPT and Gemini. Is there any source on what percent of the training content is stolen? And how are we defining "stolen"? Like normal web crawling isn't allowed?
@nikclayton see my other replies on this; licensing is a nightmare mode problem (just try licensing music for a tiny taste of how complex this is, and now it's 2-3 orders of magnitude more difficult) .. as far as the rest, all things that should be labelled for all users as "this product has the following ingredients" so you know what you are ingesting. Environmental impact, not sure, I think local rules should be followed, but big picture I am very bullish on solar due to the graphs showing solar wildly outpacing even the most optimistic predictions.
No. But having a lot of freely available creative commons data and content is good for the world in all possible futures, full stop.
It depends on the model, and how ethical the builders are. If it's Zuck, then yeah, they are completely amoral and do whatever it takes to win. They literally don't care about anything else except, ya know, "winning".
Again, I'd need them to label the contents of the product I'm about to ingest accurately, and .. are they? We should require them to.
Can we provide potential viable solutions to the problems rather than just endlessly complaining about them? Also, honestly acknowledge that licensing is INCREDIBLY complex.
The fact that it's not completely useless aggravates the effects of the bubble, not mildens them. I think bubble will pop because even though it's useful, the profits doesn't make up to the cost of making those models. Current market value of AI companies is at least 150x of the revenue right now, while it was at best 10x pre-AI. There is no indication whatsoever that the companies will make up that much revenue in anytime soon.
Note: This newsletter is not investment advice. Five years ago, Nvidia was a second-tier semiconductor company known for giving Call of Duty better resolution.
oh that fuckin' guy. Missed the point by 10 miles. He thinks he's a whole lot smarter than he is. Here's the thing: it's FAR more than "not completely useless". It's like 20% productivity boost for a lot of stuff (depends what it is). That's MASSIVE.
20% is still a lot less than the investment increase. Also that's also just your claim, while there are studies for the contrary metr.org/blog/2025-07-10-early… . I know you say it's not about coding but the study shows that self assessments are in general unreliable.
Your language is completely rude. I just gave a different opinion than yours and you are talking disrespectfully. My argument might be bullshit, but then you can call out my argument not the person.
@aiono oh, there's still a gold rush mentality, for sure. Also I think GALLOWAY is bullshit, NOT you! And he is. This dude is one of those "I must build the brand of {my name}" at all costs people, like Ezra Klein. Not a fan. Of Galloway! I like you!
still doesn’t explain it. You can have something useful and make companies overspend massively, create a bubble, burst it, and still the technology is useful and will still be afterwards no matter.
Housing was, is, will be useful after the 2008 bubble.
I've used LLMs to successfully input data into my brain. Analyze, compare and basically make sense of data in various shape from multiple sources. I even used it to generate common patterns to guide my learning of a craft like languages and technology.
I have yet to use it successfully to output anything from my brain though. Be it writing code or an email, the mechanics of transferring my thoughts to a destination format is hardly ever the limiting factor : The bottleneck is my brain. It's the silver bullet problem all over again.
The solution seems easy. Bypass the brain and have the LLM go from input to output on its own. Luckily, we have hundred of vibe coders live streaming their fall from optimism to show that's a bad idea. If I don't understand what the machine is doing, there is no way I'll trust that work, at least until there is a revolutionary leap in the technology.
That leaves one area I can think : Have it challenge my output. I can imagine significant incremental gains in productivity there, but I haven't had the chance to try any offering like that for either for code or prose...
But If it's useful or nor IS Not the whole point to decide if it's a bubble?
I find it useful, and I would pay about 3-5$/month max for the usefulness it provides for me. So we will see, if they are either able to operate the text generators for such prices or if there are many people who are indeed willing to pay >100$+ per month and seat.
This is IMHO the question the coming months/years have to answer to decide bubble or not or how big. I don't know the answer, we will see.
@frank yeah, it gets down to compute time costs, and I am worried because GPUs ain't getting cheaper. If anything the opposite. We need a LOT more competition in GPUs.
Honest question: how are are you seeing it making people more effective?
I work in tech, and in the last three years I've seen it not only being adopted, but also made mandatory in some cases, in three different companies. At this point, everyone is using LLMs for one or other thing.
What I have not seen is any significant gain in productivity. If any. We don't ship faster, we don't produce less bugs, we don't communicate better, our documentation is not better than it used to be. (Some) People enjoy using it, for sure, it makes their job funnier... But I haven't seen it making them more effective.
As you say, it can save a bit of time in some tasks. I've also seen it create messes that sucked up an entire team days to solve. So I'm not sure of the overall result being too spectacular.
here's one: a friend confided he is unhoused, and it is difficult for him. I asked ChatGPT to summarize local resources to deal with this (how do you get ANY id without a valid address, etc, chicken/egg problem) and it did an outstanding, amazing job. I printed it out, marked it up, and gave it to him.
Here's two: GiveDirectly did two GMI studies, Chicago and Cook County and we were very unclear what the relationship was, or why they did it that way. ChatGPT also knocked this out park and saved Tia a lot of time finding that information out, so she was freed up to focus on other work.
I could go on and on and on. Email me if you want ~12 more specific examples. With citations.
But also realize this: I am elite at asking very good, well specified, very clear, well researched questions, because we built Stack Overflow.
You want to get good at LLMS? learn how to ask better questions of evil genies. I was raised on that. 🧞
That's fair, yeah, that's the kind of things I've seen people using it for successfully LLMs for. Nothing you probably wouldn't have gotten to on your own after 15/30 minutes of online searches.
I'm not saying they are not useful, but I see two major problems that make me be skeptical of how important this technology is:
First, both of your examples show cases where an incomplete/slightly wrong answer is not really a deal breaker: if some of the resources in the first example were outdated, or if the second answer would had missed some extra connection, the answer would still be valuable.
The problem that is usually not "good enough" for a lot of "work" problems, and I often see people spending almost as much time validating and correcting LLM outputs as if they have not used an LLM to begin with. Not in every case, of course, but it makes their "productivity boost" effect diminished by how important is the task they are being used for.
On the other hand, in a more broad terms, it's the economics issue. Right now, to get the current level of functionality, The different providers are burning cash at a literally never-seen-before rate. Unless there is a real and unexpected breakthrough in the technology, there is no way to keep it at the current cost for the end user in the long term. I know plenty of people who pay $200/month, or get a license from their employer that pays something like that for them. Are they going to be willing to pay $1k or $2k for the current (or even slightly improved) capabilities ? I'm highly skeptical.
So I can't help but not seeing any of this as ground breaking as you folks seem to see it
@javi "Nothing you probably wouldn't have gotten to on your own after 15/30 minutes of online searches. " correct, so I saved 30 (more like 60, really, being unhoused is a VERY complex topic) minutes.. twice. That's worth a LOT of money, not an infinite or ridiculous amount, but it clearly has a lot of value. Compare with crypto. Zero value to anyone in the world, other than inveterate gamblers.
Jeff, you're a nice, intelligent, and terribly geek person I would love to discuss with in details (about plenty subjects). But, on this particular subject, I think you may have a too much narrow view on the subject. LLM are pushed by top-level CEO because it allow their wet dream of an intelligent, but non-reflecting, task force to exist.
I have many other reasons to think that, on multiple levels, LLMs are a bubble, and maybe I'm wrong, maybe there are legitimate, good use cases, of these alorithms. Nevertheless, I think they're currently horsemen of the apocalypse
@Riduidel "LLM are pushed by top-level CEO because it allow their wet dream of an intelligent, but non-reflecting, task force to exist." they will learn the hard way that this doesn't work. Will some extremely repetitive jobs that no human should have anyway be eliminated? hopefully, so they can be replaced with much more meaningful and interesting jobs for humans to do.
it can be useful and still a bubble! I mean tulip bulbs could be still grown even if their valuation changed dramatically.
AI companies are doing seriously some questionable financing, laundering valuations to pull more funding... It seems like some of the big providers are on increasingly shaky financials. We'll still have AI, of course, but their valuations might change dramatically.
But did you really shoulder the cost of the use of the LLMs? I wager you didn't, I wager it was VC money. Delivery pet food was futilely propped up by VC money in the 90s, too. It's an every day reality today.
The dot-com bubble bursting didn't kill the WWW. This bubble bursting won't kill LLMs or AI in general. But it will slow it down a lot and wipe out a bunch of investor-class money, which will kill VC confidence for a while, I predict.
I look forward to the consoling productivity boost for the legions of workers fired because of managements' dedication to realizing the promises of salesfolks' closings. As those workers are rehired to the jobs the LLM could never do, I'm certain they've invested their generous severance in becoming domain experts so that they are now the premier LLM output-validators, deftly capable of approving generated summaries without the need to read primary sources at all /s
Whether or not it's useful is not entirely related to whether it's a bubble. OpenAI is predicting it will need to charge $5,000/month for a BASIC professional user. For more advanced models, OpenAI is predicting $10,000 (coding) - $20,000 (PhD) per month. How many people currently paying ~100s/month are going to switch to thousands? They've also been up front that they're losing money on individual pro accounts that are $200/month, and are DEFINITELY getting hosed by the 90% of users on the free tier.
Furthermore, while AI models have been getting better, they've ALSO been getting more expensive. Sustainable technologies tend to get cheaper over time as they get better, and AI is just not. OpenAI just signed a deal with Nvidia for building out massive new datacenters that will require as much electricity as 10 nuclear reactors can produce and cost more than half a TRILLION dollars just to build.
AI is a bubble because the finances do not work, and cannot work without a massive reorganization of the industry (i.e., a crash). The companies are vastly overleveraged with debt and floating along on investor money that's going to dry up. Their physical assets are largely computing datacenters that are obsolete almost as soon as they're built and full of computing hardware that burns out faster than any other hardware in existence. Their finances only look as "good" as they do--and they don't look good at all--because they're performing weird accounting tricks like having Microsoft "invest" in the company, then using that money to pay MS for Azure; same with Nvidia and graphics cards. The money is counted by each company simultaneously as payment and investment and profit and cost, but it's all just the same money getting passed around the same companies.
Sooner or later--but even The Wall Street Journal is starting to predict sooner--the 1/3 of the stock market that's wrapped up in AI is going to have their shareholders demand a return on investment, and the money is not there to be returned. They almost literally are lighting it on fire in the form of burned out graphics cards and coal power.
Some of AI is going to be salvaged, but that doesn't mean this isn't a bubble (just like dot com).
@Azuaron agreed, there are ABSOLUTELY fundamental compute cost issues, since GPUs are about the only computer part I can think of that keep getting more and more expensive over time. This is an anomaly.
Alice Weidel bald obdachlos? AfD verliert Bundeszentrale in Berlin + Angriff auf die Pressefreiheit: Geheimdienst überwacht AUF1 + Und: Im Interview des Tages: Anwalt Tomanek warnt vor „Aula"-Prozess: „Der Rubikon wurde überschritten“+
A flashback to November 2017. I was shooting some video for YouTube on my Canon G7X Mark II and I had a little friend stop by... #photography #bird #birds
The only way I get to play “niche” TTRPGs is when i offer to run them. Folks are usually pretty receptive, but it takes finding the right folks to make it last. I’ve yet to be able todo more than a Few sessions with IRL folks on anything but 5e
Droni russi su Kiev: ci sono feriti 5.04 Droni russi sarebbero caduti su Kiev.Lo annuncia il sindaco della capitale, Vitali Klitschko su Telegram. Secondo quanto riferito dal primo cittadino un palazzo di 5 piani nel distretto di Solomyansky sarebbe andato parzialmente distrutto. "Attualmente scrive Klitschko ci sono feriti nei distretti di Solomyansky e Svyatoshynsky. I medici si stanno recando sul posto. Uno dei feriti è stato trasportato in ospedale". Alcuni detriti sarebbero caduti anche nei distretti di Svyatoshynsky e Holosiivsky. #televideo #ultimaora
Decomposition into weight × level + jump with 3D graphs (WebGL three.js), 2D graphs and first 500 terms. This decomposition is an extension of the fundamental theorem of arithmetic and a new way to see the numbers.
#Russia could end the war without any diplomatic effort but it would make #Putin look weak but U would think that the #Russian's would figure out that losing 1 mil+ sons & daughters for 1 mans ego is 2 high of a price for a war based on a handful of lies #Ukraine #EU #UN #NATO #Georgia #America #UK RE: bsky.app/profile/did:plc:6y3ho…
Sei persone su dieci dichiarano di scegliere di lavorare per un’impresa se concordano con i suoi valori ma questo non ha impedito alle Big Tech USA di fare retromarcia su diritti e inclusione per compiacere Trump.
In the run-up to former FBI Director James Comey’s indictment, there was no question who would step up to represent him: Patrick Fitzgerald, Comey's longtime friend.
Where faith carves memory into granite, and silence sings of grace.
Moorook Cemetery, Moorook, South Australia, September 2025.
Moorook Cemetery, located on Gogel Road in the Riverland town of Moorook, South Australia, is a modest yet historically resonant burial ground within the District Council of Loxton Waikerie.
While it lacks a formal published history, its memorials trace the lives of early settlers, farming families, and service members who shaped the region’s development.
Though small, Moorook Cemetery offers a quiet testament to the resilience and continuity of Riverland life.
La cultura se mueve contigo. Accede en un solo lugar a una cartelera de actividades que se desarrollan en los espacios públicos y privados de nuestras 16 regiones y a contenidos culturales digitales nacionales e internacionales
La cultura se mueve contigo. Accede en un solo lugar a una cartelera de actividades que se desarrollan en los espacios públicos y privados de nuestras 16 regiones y a contenidos culturales digitales nacionales e internacionales
La cultura se mueve contigo. Accede en un solo lugar a una cartelera de actividades que se desarrollan en los espacios públicos y privados de nuestras 16 regiones y a contenidos culturales digitales nacionales e internacionales
La cultura se mueve contigo. Accede en un solo lugar a una cartelera de actividades que se desarrollan en los espacios públicos y privados de nuestras 16 regiones y a contenidos culturales digitales nacionales e internacionales
La cultura se mueve contigo. Accede en un solo lugar a una cartelera de actividades que se desarrollan en los espacios públicos y privados de nuestras 16 regiones y a contenidos culturales digitales nacionales e internacionales
There is supposed to be a fun part of taking care of an emotionally immature manipulative parent who lives across the nation and tries to weaponize her flying monkesy against you.
Anyone have any idea why this movie hasn't had a DVD or Blu-ray re-release? It's a guilty pleasure of mine, and had big name stars like Gary Busey, Annette O'Toole, Eddie Albert, Tony Randall, and Cloris Leachman. #FoolinAround #PhysicalMedia
No, but it is mostly associated with the left and far-left as far as I can tell. People don't seem to associate AP with e.g. Gab, since they're blocked so widely. But there definitely is that far-right bubble / "dark fedi" out there. Just from my experience.
The Fediverse is a political structure since it enables and constitutes forms of public life. By using the Fediverse rather than locked down or centralized platforms you participate in creating and boosting the structures of another vision for social media. In my mind, that is inherently political.
Wow! I wasn't aware I'm participating in a movement! I mainly just look at cat pics and read about tech topics, but if participating in a movement is that easy (and fun!) I'm all for it!
I just hope the movement here is for social equality, environment, world peace, u know, all the good stuff.
I would be very disappointed if it turned out I was taking part in some fascist movement without being aware of it.
Well, that's kinda what I'm wondering here. Your poll sets the premise that there actually is such a thing as Fediverse movement, which then leads to the question of what counts as participating? Does me replying to you count as participating?
Please don't get me wrong, I love Fediverse and I would so much like to think it as some kind of collective action directed towards all that is good, but is it, really, more than just a social media?
- What is a movement? - What does it mean to participate in a movement? - Is there a Fediverse movement? - Is everyone on the Fediverse part of the Fediverse movement? - What does it mean to be a political movement?
All fun stuff to think about. I wonder what your draft answers would be.
Sure. It represents an ancient idea of technology as enabling creativity, curiosity and dialogue, moderated by social conventions rather than corporate imperatives. In a world of billboards, the Fediverse is a land of pamphlets, open to all who want to create and disseminate their own outrage (or cat pictures) rather than be spoonfed by sponsors or play whack-an-algorithm games.
It's a collective rejection of corporate power and, like it or not, that's a political thing.
Yes, because a significant portion of all the communications in the fediverse are oriented toward this network's own relative impact and potential in the wider social technologies. It is much more self-reflective than users on social media and many fediverse users are here because they want change. My but is that "political movement" doesn't mean that it necessarily maps onto any neat existing categories (like the American liberal/conservative or British left/right).
I do a lot of polls on my account at Mastodon. I get the same questions or requests multiple times, so I made this FAQ to make it easier to reply. Q: Why do you do so many polls? A: I like to think…
I've been on fediverse/Mastodon going back to 2018, at the insistence of a family member who hated using Facebook. There is nothing political about that. It was just a desire to flee from engagement algorithms.
Absolutely! But not party political. Centralization is inherently very political, as the world has been discovering; therefore decentralization and federation, which are clearly reactions to that, are too. It's counterculture. That doesn't mean everyone involved has the same social ideas or would vote for the same people.
Hadn't considered it. I responded "Yes but..". However, I am uncertain.
As. a "movement", it is decentralizing authority.
Ironically, "decentralizing authority" aligns with what in America we call "Libertarianism" and with the pre-MAGA "Conservative" party: deferring choice (*and responsibility*) and power to tne entities closest to the problem, often the individual.
But it also aligns with what we call "Progressivism" as it is about preventing tyranny by distributing control.
That single value, distribution of control, seems inherently political.
I'd say it's also anti-capitalist. However, there's nothing preventing different parts of the fediverse from attempting to capitalize.
I've opined in the past: is there anything preventing any fediverse node admin from selling data/content to outside entities? AFAIK, there is not. Therefore, any anti-capitalism baked into the Fediverse relies of the forbearance of the administrators/developers involved and not on the Fediverse itself, as an idea.
I went wild on basing goodies again. Can't wait to play with this stuff. Painting minis is good stuff and I'm gonna do a whole buncha that. But basing is my favourite part, every mini should be on a micro diorama and this stuff will be rad. Kinda expensive, lol
Attached: 1 video
So many bumblebees and other smaller bees are living their best lives getting intimate with the little purple blossoms on the Agastache foeniculum stalks, also called Giant Hyssop or Anise Hyssop.
Droni russi sarebbero caduti su Kiev. Lo annuncia il sindaco della capitale, Vitali Klitschko su Telegram. Secondo quanto riferito dal primo cittadino un palazzo di cinque piani nel distretto di Solomyansky sarebbe andato parzialmente distrutto.
Gauging user interest! Over the last few weeks I have been working on a website that can auto describe YouTube videos. I am aware that the solution has already been created for windows, however, I don’t want to leave mobile users and non-Windows users out in the cold. I have already experimented with a desktop app and it works quite well. Would this be of interest to the community?
Something tells me you won't be able to vote him out this time.
｢ President Trump directs the Justice Department, the FBI, and other national security agencies and departments to fight his version of political violence in America, retooling a network of Joint Terrorism Task Forces to focus on “leftist” political violence in America ｣
｢ NSPM-7 directs a new national strategy to “disrupt” any individual or groups “that foment political violence,” including “before they result in violent political acts.” ｣
COINTELPRO is back, and this time is happening in the open, and it won't be just the FBI.
The video captures a lively scene inside a cozy bar or restaurant, characterized by a warm, rustic ambiance with wooden walls and a checkered tablecloth. The bar area is bustling with patrons seated at tables, engaged in conversation, and enjoying drinks. A person dressed in traditional attire, including suspenders and a hat, stands near the bar, adding to the festive atmosphere. The background features a menu board and a television screen, enhancing the casual dining experience.
As the video progresses, the focus shifts to a live band performing on a stage, with a banner reading "Darren Quem & Friends" and the website "www.DarrenQuem.com" visible. The band consists of a guitarist in a red shirt and cap, a drummer in a white shirt, and another guitarist on the left. The stage is illuminated with colorful lights, creating a vibrant atmosphere. The audience, including a woman in a plaid shirt, is seen enjoying the performance, with some standing and others seated at tables.
The video continues to highlight the band's performance, with the guitarist prominently featured in the foreground, playing an electric guitar and singing into a microphone. The drummer is visible in the background, contributing to the lively performance. The stage setup includes various musical equipment, such as amplifiers and a microphone stand, and the lighting remains dynamic, enhancing the visual appeal.
Throughout the video, the audience's engagement is evident, with some individuals standing and others seated, all enjoying the live music. The overall atmosphere is festive and energetic, capturing the essence of a live music event in a cozy bar or restaurant setting.
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The image is a screenshot of a post on the Chinese question-and-answer platform, Zhihu. The post is titled "真的有那么多冤假错案吗?" (Are there really so many wrongful convictions?). It has 490 answers and 1213 followers. The post is by a user named "硅谷IT胖子" (Silicon Valley IT Fat Guy), who has 202 people who have agreed with their answer and 4 people who have listened to it. The user's profile picture is a circular image of a character from a video game.
The text in the post discusses the "诺福克四水兵案" (Norfolk Four Case), suggesting that even without severe torture, threats, or coercion, the case could lead to wrongful convictions. The post argues that the prosecution only needed to manipulate the jury to make a guilty judgment, despite strong alibis for the defendants. The post concludes by mentioning that the defendants were ultimately found innocent and were compensated with over 9 million US dollars each.
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Denver police say a recent TV ad from ICE has failed to lure any Denver officers away from the department, despite promises of a signing bonus of up to $50,000, student loan forgiveness, and other benefits.
I have a question: You look for something in a search engine and you find your own site/post in the search results. Would you feel different if your content was in the built-in A.I. helper (e.g. DuckDuckGo's Search Assist) with it quoting you as a source? What about when your post appears as one of the sources in a chatbot answer (e.g. Grok, Perplexity, etc)?
Comment for other responses! I'm curious to know what others here feel about this topic. 🙏
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The image is a screenshot of a video on a mobile device, showing a news story with Chinese text. The top section of the image features a headline in bold black text on a white background, stating: "四川女子嫌弃丈夫时间短拒绝同房，丈夫盛怒之下强行同房被判5年" (Sichuan woman refuses to have sex with husband due to short time, husband gets angry and forcibly has sex, sentenced to 5 years). Below the headline, there is a blurred image of a person lying in bed, with a recording indicator visible in the top left corner. The video interface shows a timestamp of 22:18, a battery level of 12%, and a data speed of 18.3 KB/s. The video has 573 likes, 48 comments, and 65 stars. The text below the headline provides additional details about the case, mentioning that Mr. Yang and Ms. Chen have been married for three years, and Mr. Yang was sentenced to five years for rape after forcing sex on his wife. The video includes a note from a lawyer emphasizing the importance of respecting women's consent in marriage. The bottom of the image includes hashtags and a user profile icon with a cartoon character wearing a Santa hat.
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Zoroastrianism was founded by the prophet Zarathushtra between 1500 BCE and 1200 BCE and is regarded as one of the world's first religions with one main god.
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Something tells me you won't be able to vote him out this time.
David 🏳️🌈🏳️⚧️NB they/them
in reply to Catherine McCarthy • • •