404 Media

2026-04-27 19:12:09

People Using AI to Represent Themselves in Court Are Clogging the System

The number of pro se legal cases, meaning trials where a defendant or plaintiff represents themselves in court without an attorney, have increased dramatically since the wide adoption of generative AI tools like ChatGPT and Claude, according to a pre-print research paper.

The authors of the paper, titled “Access to Justice in the Age of AI: Evidence from U.S. Federal Courts,” which has yet to undergo peer review, argue more people are representing themselves in court because they’re able to use AI to do a lot of the work that previously required a lawyer. The authors, Anand Shah and Joshua Levy, also say that these pro se cases are “heavier,” meaning each case includes more motions that demand more work out of judges and the justice system. Overall, they argue, the use of AI tools and the increase in pro se cases could put a new burden on the courts.

“If generative AI dramatically lowers the cost of self-represented litigation, the resulting surge in filings could overwhelm a system that depends on human judgment at every stage of adjudication,” Shah and Levy say in the paper.

The paper draws on administrative records covering more than 4.5 million non-prisoner civil court cases between 2005 and 2026 and 46 million Public Access to Court Electronic Records (PACER) docket entries matching those cases. It found the share of pro se cases was pretty stable at 11 percent until 2022, after LLMs like ChatGPT became widely used, at which point it started to rise sharply, up to 16.8 percent in 2025.

“This stability seems to reflect a structural barrier: for most people, self-representation is prohibitively hard,” the paper says. “Filing a federal civil complaint requires identifying the correct jurisdictional basis, pleading sufficient facts to survive a motion to dismiss, and navigating procedural requirements that vary by context and case type. The widespread, public diffusion of capable LLMs changes that calculus. Without a law degree and at de minimis cost, any person with an internet connection can not only obtain interactive, case-specific legal guidance—drafting complaints, identifying statutes, navigating procedure—but also generate passable legal documents, particularly so after the release of GPT-4 in March 2023.”

The researchers note that the paper is necessarily descriptive, meaning it assumes the rise is due the the prevalence of AI tools, but does not link individual cases to individual LLMs. “We do not claim to identify a causal effect of GPT-4 on pro se filing, only that the observed time series is difficult to rationalize without generative AI playing a role,” the paper says.

To support their argument, the researchers also used a random sample of 1,600 complaints drawn from the eight year period between 2019 (prior to the prevalence of generative AI) and 2026 which they ran through the AI detection software Pangram. They found a rise from "essentially zero” in the pre-AI period to more than 18 percent in 2026.

Notably, it’s not just that there are more pro se cases, but that the “intra-case activity” for those cases, meaning the total volume of activity in those cases as measured by docket entries—filings, motions—are up by 158 percent from the pre-AI period. This means the workload for courts could be even higher that it appears based on the rise in pro se cases alone.

The paper also found that the post-AI rise in self-representation is mostly coming from plaintiffs as opposed to defendants, meaning people are mostly using AI to file complaints rather than respond to them. “Plaintiff-side pro se case counts averaged 19,705 per year from FY2015 to FY2022 and reach 39,167 in FY2025, nearly doubling,” the paper says. “Defendant-side pro se counts fall slightly over the same window, from 4,650 to 3,896.”

“Imagine that you have just a latent level of complaints that could exist in the world, people are constantly getting hurt at work whatever it happens to be,” Levy told me on a call. “But that distribution of potential cases is sort of unchanged over time. But what LLM allowed people to do was it lowered the cost of entry to the courts. Basically, it made it much easier to file many templatable complaints.”

On the one hand, the increase in the number of cases is good because it potentially gives more people with legitimate grievances access to the justice system that they didn’t have previously. On the other hand, a dramatic increase like this could burden the system and make all cases, not just AI-enabled pro se cases, take longer to resolve

“Whether or not it's a net social benefit is an open question,” Levy said. “But if we remain democratically committed to people having access to the courts as a matter of course then we think that the LLMs have this trade-off. The door to the courts opens wider but maybe the queue to enter gets longer.”

Anecdotally, when we were writing an article about lawyers getting caught using AI in court, we decided to not include pro se cases because there were so many, and to focus only on cases in which actual lawyers were caught using AI. The database we used for that article currently contains 1,353 cases; 804 of them are from pro se cases.

To handle this surge in demand for the Federal courts, Federal courts have to somehow increase its supply, or the courts’ capacity to take on cases. Unfortunately, as the paper notes, “there is no easy margin along which to ‘buy’ extra judge capacity. Already case backlog is becoming a persistent feature of the federal judicial system, there is no coming influx of judges to supply additional capacity, and federal courts in the United States cannot wholesale decline to hear cases.”

Levy suggested that one possible solution is to allow judges to use AI tools to do some of their “templatable” work as well, while still ensuring that human judges do the actual judging.

We’ve covered many instances of lawyers getting caught using AI in court, often because the AI hallucinated a citation of a case that didn’t actually exist. Judges are pretty mad when this happens and have issued fines for this behavior several times.

Judges Are Fed up With Lawyers Using AI That Hallucinate Court Cases

Another lawyer was caught using AI and not checking the output for accuracy, while a previously-reported case just got hit with sanctions.

^{Samantha Cole (404 Media)}

404 Media

2026-04-27 15:05:55

Study Finds A Third of New Websites are AI-Generated

Researchers working with data from the Internet Archive have discovered that a third of websites created since 2022 are AI-generated. The team of researchers—which includes people from Stanford, the Imperial College London, and the Internet Archive—published their findings online in a paper titled “The Impact of AI-Generated Text on the Internet.”The research also found that all this AI-generated text is making the web more cheery and less verbose.

Inspired by the Dead Internet Theory—the idea that much of the internet is now just bots talking back and forth—the team set out to find out how ChatGPT and its competitors had reshaped the internet since 2022. “The proliferation of AI-generated and AI-assisted text on the internet is feared to contribute to a degradation in semantic and stylistic diversity, factual accuracy, and other negative developments,” the researchers write in the paper. “We find that by mid-2025, roughly 35% of newly published websites were classified as AI-generated or AI-assisted, up from zero before ChatGPT's launch in late 2022.”
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“I find the sheer speed of the AI takeover of the web quite staggering,” Jonáš Doležal, an AI researcher at Stanford and co-author of the paper, told 404 Media. “After decades of humans shaping it, a significant portion of the internet has become defined by AI in just three years. We're witnessing, in my opinion, a major transformation of the digital landscape in a fraction of the time it took to build in the first place.”

The researchers also tested six common critiques of AI-generated text. Does it lead to a shrinking of viewpoints? Does it create more disinformation as hallucinations proliferate? Does online writing feel more sanitized and cheerful? Does it fail to cite its sources? Does it create strings of words with low semantic density? Has it forced writing into a monoculture where unique voices vanish and a generic, uniform style takes hold?

To answer these questions, the researchers partnered with the Internet Archive to pull samples of websites from the 33 months between August 2022 and May 2025. “For each sampled URL, we retrieve the oldest available archived snapshot via the Wayback Machine’s CDX Server API,” the research said. “The raw HTML of each snapshot is downloaded and stored locally for subsequent processing.”

The researchers took the extracted website text and used the AI-detection software Pangram v3 to find AI-created websites. The team tested several AI-detection tools and found Pangram v3 had the highest detection rate. Once Pangram v3 had identified an AI-generated website, the researchers used that website as a sample to test their other six hypotheses. “For each hypothesis, we define a measurable signal, compute it for each monthly sample of websites, and test whether it correlates with the aggregate AI likelihood score across months,” the research said.

To test if AI was creating an internet full of falsehoods, for example, the team extracted fact based claims from the websites they’d selected and then paid human factcheckers to verify them. To figure out if AI is citing its sources, the team computed the outbound link density in AI-generated text.

To the surprise of the researchers, only two of the six theories they tested about the effects of AI-generated text seemed true. AI was making the internet less semantically diverse and more positive overall, but it wasn’t causing a proliferation in lies or cutting out its sources.

“The most surprising result was that our Truth Decay hypothesis wasn't confirmed,” Doležal said. “It's worth noting that we were specifically looking for an increase in verifiably untrue statements, which we didn't find. But it could still be the case that AI is quietly increasing the volume of unverifiable claims, ones that can't be checked against existing fact-checking tools and infrastructure. Or it may simply be that the internet wasn't a particularly truth-adhering place to begin with.”

The researchers said they’d continue to study how AI-generated text shaped the internet. “We're now working with the Internet Archive to turn this into a continuous tool that keeps providing this signal going forward, rather than a single fixed snapshot bounded by the static nature of a paper,” Maty Bohacek, a student researcher at Stanford and one of the co-authors of the paper, told 404 Media. “We're also interested in adding more granularity: looking at which kinds of websites are most affected, broken down by category or language, and generally providing more nuance about where these impacts are landing.”

For Doležal, studies like this are critical for ensuring a useful and productive internet. “As AI-generated content spreads, the challenge is finding a role for these models that doesn’t just result in a sanitized, repetitive web,” he said. “Rather than forcing models to be perfectly compliant and agreeable, allowing them to have a more distinct personality or ‘friction’ might help them act as a creative partner rather than a replacement for human voice.”

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Facebook is the zombie internet, where a mix of bots, humans, and accounts that were once humans but aren’t anymore interact to form a disastrous website where there is little social connection at all.

^{Jason Koebler (404 Media)}

404 Media

2026-04-27 13:54:36

Google DeepMind Paper Argues LLMs Will Never Be Conscious

A senior staff scientist at Google’s artificial intelligence laboratory DeepMind, Alexander Lerchner, argues in a new paper that no AI or other computational system will ever become conscious. That conclusion appears to conflict with the narrative from AI company CEOs, including DeepMind’s own Demis Hassabis, who repeatedly talks about the advent of artificial general intelligence. Hassabis recently claimed AGI is “going to be something like 10 times the impact of the Industrial Revolution, but happening at 10 times the speed.”

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Google DeepMind Paper Argues LLMs Will Never Be Conscious

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404 Media

2026-04-23 20:30:30

Community Votes to Deny Water to Nuclear Weapons Data Center

Ypsilanti Township in Michigan is attempting to cut off the flow of water to a planned data center that would power a new generation of nuclear weapons research. On Wednesday, the Township’s Board of Trustees voted to institute a 365 day moratorium on the delivery of water to hyperscale data centers so the township can study the impact of the building’s massive water needs.

The proposed data center in the Ypsilanti Township’s Hydro Park has been a sore spot for the community since its proposal. The $1.2 billion 220,000 square foot facility would be used by Los Alamos National Laboratories (LANL) some 1,500 miles away for nuclear weapons research. In February, UofM’s Steven Ceccio told the University of Michigan Record that the facility would consume 500,000 gallons of water per day and that the University planned to buy it from the Ypsilanti Community Utilities Authority. (YCUA)
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The YCUA has spent the past month lobbying for a moratorium on providing water and sewer access to hyperscale data centers and “artificial intelligence computing facilities,” according to notes on a presentation stored on the organization's website. The moratorium would include LANL’s data center.

The YCUA cited an American Water Works Association white paper about data center water demands and concluded it needed more time to investigate the matter. “Hyper-scale data centers, as well as other mid-sized data centers, artificial intelligence computing facilities, and high-performance computational centers are ‘high-impact customers’ for water and sewer utilities,” YCUA said in its presentation.

The moratorium places a 12-month stop on serving water to data centers while the YCUA conducts a long-term water supply analysis and looks into the environmental sustainability studies. “During the 12-month moratorium period, the Authority will refrain from executing any capacity reservation agreement.”

This is a delay tactic on the part of a Township that does not want to see the data center constructed. Many in the community have strong feelings about the use of parkland for a facility that researchers nuclear weapons. Beyond the moral and ethical concerns, some are worried about becoming targets in a war. Last month, Township attorney Douglas Winters told the Board of Trustees that building hosting the data center would make Ypsilanti Township a “high value target.” He pointed to the recent bombing of Gulf Coast data centers by Iran as evidence.

America is embarking on a new nuclear arms race and Ypsilanti Township is one small part of it. The Pentagon has called for US nuclear scientists to design new kinds of nuclear weapons and Trump’s 2027 budget proposal almost doubled the money set aside to create new cores for nukes. UofM has repeatedly said that the data center would not “manufacture” nuclear weapons.

“Los Alamos is tasked with nuclear stewardship—not conducting live tests on weaponry, but instead using advanced computation to ensure the safety and reliability of our existing stockpile without the need for nuclear testing, especially as our stockpile ages. Computation provides an important tool for LANL to achieve this mission,” UofM’s Ceccio told the Record.

But during a public open house about the data center, LANL deputy laboratory director Patrick Fitch confirmed it would be used for weapons research. “One of the two computers we’re planning in our 55 megawatts (section)—if this facility is built—will be for what’s called secret restricted data. So it’ll be for the nuclear weapons program. Not exclusively, but it’ll be able to do that work,” Fitch told the Michigan Daily.

During the Wednesday meeting of the Ypsilanti Township Board, attorney Winters gave a clear eyed summary of the Township’s place in the new nuclear arms race. “This facility they’re proposing in partnership with the UofM is the digital brain for everything that’s going to take place in New Mexico. Make no mistake about it, you can rename, reframe, and repackage all you want. It is a high value target,” Winters said.

Even with the proposed water moratorium, the University and LANL plan to break ground on the data center on Monday. The University of Michigan did not return 404 Media’s request for a comment.

2026-04-21 Township Board Regular Meeting Video

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404 Media

2026-04-22 15:45:59

Trump Wants to Double Production of New Nuclear Weapon Cores

Trump’s proposed 2027 budget would almost double the budget for plutonium pits, the chemical filled metal sphere inside a nuclear warhead that kicks off the explosion in a nuclear weapon. The same budget would slash almost $400 million from nuclear environmental cleanup. The budget request follows a leaked National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) memo calling on America’s nuclear scientists to prototype new kinds of nukes and to double plutonium pit production from 30 to 60 triggers a year.

About the size of a bowling ball, a plutonium pit is an essential part of a nuclear warhead. The implosion of these plutonium filled balls in a nuclear weapon triggers the massive explosion and unleashes the weapon’s destructive potential. Until 1992, American manufactured 1,000 plutonium pits a year. Now it makes fewer than 30. Trump wants to change that and he’s willing to throw money at the problem to make it happen.
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The 2027 White House budget request sets aside $53.9 billion for the Department of Energy (DOE). This includes a 87 percent increase of funding for pit production at the Savannah River Site—$2.25 billion up from $1.2 billion—and an 83 percent increase in pit funding at Los Alamos National Lab (LANL)—$2.4 billion up from $1.3 billion.

These are shocking increases, especially given that there are around 15,000 existing and unused plutonium pits sitting in a warehouse in Texas. “We have thousands of pits that should be eligible to be reused. The NNSA has publicly acknowledged that they will be reusing pits for some number of warheads,” Dylan Spaulding, a senior scientist at the Union of Concerned Scientists, told 404 Media.

Many of those plutonium pits are old and some in the American government have concerns that they no longer function. But a 2006 and 2019 study from an independent group of scientists said the nuclear triggers should have a lifespan of 85 to 100 years. But some interpreted the 2019 study as cause for alarm.

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“They essentially said we haven’t learned anything alarming about detrimental degradation to pits, but nonetheless the NNSA should resume pit production ‘as expeditiously as possible.’ So those words ‘as expeditiously as possible,’ that raised a lot of alarm because it suggested there was something to worry about,” Spaulding said. “I don’t think it’s clear to me that there’s any physical evidence that pits have a shorter lifetime…we should have decades left to solve the pit production problems and I think using aging as an excuse to go back right now is sort of a red herring.”

For Spaulding, the budget increase isn’t about replacing old pits. It’s about making new ones for new and different kinds of nuclear weapons. “The new budget really corresponds to a new push to accelerate everything in the nuclear complex that this administration has increasingly emphasized,” he said.

A leaked NNSA memo dated February 11, 2026 from Deputy Administrator for Defense Programs David Beck outlined a plan for new weapons aimed at “enhancing American nuclear dominance.” The memo was first published by the Los Alamos Study Group, an independent community think tank.

The Beck memo outlined an ambitious project for plutonium pit production. “Complete near-term modifications at Los Alamos National Laboratory’s Plutonium Facility (PF-4) to enable production of 100 pits and achieve a sustained production rate of at least 60 pits per year and begin production,” it said. “Position the Savannah River Site (SRS) to facilitate expanded pit production at PF-4 until Savannah River Plutonium Processing Facility (SRPPF) achieves full operations.”

Spaulding said that getting LANL to produce 60 pits a year at a sustained rate was going to be difficult. “They were already going to be struggling to get to 30 in the next few years. It's not clear that 60 is feasible,” he said. “I don't think that LANL is incapable of doing that if they choose to do it, but it's putting a lot of additional strain on a system that was already struggling to meet half the requirement.”

Spaulding also pointed out an interesting line in the Beck memo that seemed to call for new weapon designs. “They’re adding new requirements to LANL. One of those is to demonstrate what they call two new ‘novel Rapid Capability’ weapon systems, and for LANL to produce what they call ‘design-for-manufacture’ pits.’”

Spaulding said he interpreted these new tasks as the federal government asking America’s nuclear scientists to figure out how to get new weapons from the drawing board to prototype fast. “I think one of the things they’re thinking about is to be able to have increased flexibility in the 2030s to be able to produce different kinds of warheads,” he said. “We’re seeing calls for next generation hard and deeply buried target capabilities…it really seems like NNSA is shifting their philosophy from life extension and refurbishment…to all new production. This boost is really to try to get this industrial base moving faster than it is.”

Xiaodon Liang, a senior policy analyst for the Arms Control Association, also interpreted the increased plutonium pit budget as a sign of a new nuclear arms race. “There are new warhead designs that are currently in the early stages of production, if not late stages of development. One of those is the W87-1, which is a new warhead for the Sentinel,” he told 404 Media.

The Sentinel is a new intercontinental ballistic missile that’s set to replace the Minutemans that dot underground silos across the United States. The Sentinel program is billions over budget, will require the digging of new ICBM silos, and has no end in sight.

Liang pointed to the W93 warhead, another new design that’s set to be used in submarine-launched ballistic missiles. “I think the case has been even weaker as to why the existing warheads don't satisfy requirements,” he said. “And I would add that part of the argument for the W93 is that the British were very strongly in favor of it because the British are reliant on our sea based systems for their own deterrence. So they lobbied very hard for the W93 and the case for why the United States needs it was never made clear.”

Both the United States and Russia have about 5,000 nuclear weapons each. None of the other nuclear countries have anywhere close to that number. Experts estimate that China has the next biggest stockpile with only around 400 warheads. It begs the question: Why do we need more? Why make more plutonium pits at all?

“People are pointing at China as an emerging threat. There’s a widespread assumption in the defense world—which UCS disagrees with—that China is necessarily seeking parity with the United States in terms of numbers of weapons,” Spaulding said.

The amount of nuclear weapons began to plummet at the end of the Cold War. A series of treaties between Russia and the United States limited the amount of deployed weapons and both countries began to decommission the weapons. But all those treaties are gone now and global instability—largely driven by America and Russia—has many countries reconsidering their anti-nuclear stance.

The US military is worried it won’t have enough nukes to deter everyone who might get one in the future. It’s also worried about hypersonic weapons, AI-driven innovations, and nukes from space. “That doesn’t mean it’s still a game of numbers,” Spaulding said. “That sort of simplistic thinking that applied to the Cold War with the arms race against Russia was, well, if they have X number, we have to have X number. Once there's sort of horizontal proliferation across nine nuclear armed states. It's not clear that this sort of tit for tat numbers game works the same way. More and more weapons are not the solution to nuclear proliferation elsewhere, that doesn't lead us to a safer state in the world.”

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That hasn’t stopped the US from throwing billions at making new nuclear weapons triggers and asking its scientists to step up production. But it’s unclear if that’s even possible in the short term. In 1992, when the US was making 1,000 pits a year, it did so because of a plant in Rocky Flats, Colorado. The plant closed because the FBI raided it. The plant was an environmental disaster that killed its workers and irradiated the surrounding community. But it met quotas.

Since the closure, America’s nuclear scientists have worked on preserving the pits they had instead of making new ones. “I think the feeling is that science based stockpile stewardship was not enough because it did not leave us with the capability to respond to geopolitical change,” Spaulding said. “I think it’s being looked at quite a bit as an indicator of how well the United States is meeting this new aspiration even if the goals and quantities we’re setting are completely unbounded by reality, which is one of the problems right now.”

The budget and NNSA call for South Carolina’s SRS to manufacture the bulk of the plutonium pits in the future. But it’s unclear if that will ever happen. The ACA’s Liang is skeptical. “The key unanswered question is whether the Savannah River Site will ever come online,” he said. “The current estimate is 2035 for when it’ll reach construction’s end.” Current projections predict the pit factory will cost $30 billion, making it one of the most expensive buildings ever constructed in the US.

All that money and time making new plutonium is less that goes towards other projects. “There’s ongoing remediation work that the state of New Mexico says should be done, that the NNSA has not performed because it claims ‘we are expanding pit production, we can’t do this until later,’” Liang said.

“Los Alamos will start producing pits at some number soon. The question to me is, at what cost. Not just financial cost,” he said. “If you look at the DOE budget, what is getting cut? The Trump administration has tried to cut $400 million from the Environmental Management budget twice in the last two years."

Ramping up pit production will lead to more radioactive waste that the DOE will be responsible for cleaning up. “We know from historical experience when pits were produced before…that this is a dangerous and hazardous process. Plutonium is radioactive. It’s a carcinogenic material. It results in large amounts of waste…which present human and environmental risks, not only to the workers who will be charged with carrying this out but to communities around these facilities,” Spaulding said at a press conference on Wednesday.

The United States spends billions of dollars every year cleaning up its radioactive messes, including around Rocky Flats where it once produced most of its plutonium pits. If this budget is approved, and it looks like it will be, then America will spend less money on helping people poisoned by nuclear weapons and more money making new ones.

Update 4/22/26: An earlier version of this story stated an incorrect statistic regarding cuts to environmental management. We've updated the piece with the correct information.

LIVE: Plaintiffs Inspect Savannah River Site Plutonium “Pit” Bomb Core Plant

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404 Media

2026-04-21 13:00:44

This AI Tool Rips Off Open Source Software Without Violating Copyright

For a small price, Malus.sh will use AI to ingest any piece of software you give and spit out a new version of it that “liberates” it from any existing copyright licenses. The result is a new piece of software that serves the same function, but doesn’t have to honor, for example, the kind of copyright licenses that ensure open source software remains free to use and modify, a process which could upend the already fragile open source ecosystem.

The site is an elaborate bit of satire designed to bring attention to a very real problem in open source, but it also does exactly what it advertises and is a real LLC that is making money by using AI to produce “clean room” clones of existing software.

“It works,” Mike Nolan, one of the two people behind Malus, who researches the political economy of open source software and currently works for the United Nations, told me. “The Stripe charge will provide you the thing, and it was important for us to do that, because we felt that if it was just satire, it would end up like every other piece of research I've done on open source, which ends up being largely dismissed by open source tech workers who felt that they were too special and too unique and too intelligent to ever be the ones on the bad side of the layoffs or the economics of the situation.”

Malus’s legal strategy for bypassing copyright is based on a historically pivotal moment for software and copyright law dating back to 1982. Back then, IBM dominated home computing, and competitors like Columbia Data Products wanted to sell products that were compatible with software that IBM customers were already using. Reverse engineering IBM’s computer would have infringed on the company’s copyright, so Columbia Data Products came up with what we now know as a “clean room” design.

It tasked one team with examining IBM’s BIOS and creating specifications for what a clone of that system would require. A different “clean” team, one that was never exposed to IBM’s code, then created BIOS that met those specifications from scratch. The result was a system that was compatible with IBM’s ecosystem but didn’t violate its copyright because it did not copy IBM’s technical process and counted as original work.

This clean room method, which has been validated by case law and dramatized in the first season of Halt and Catch Fire, made computing more open and competitive than it would have been otherwise. But it has taken on new meaning in the age of generative AI. It is now easier than ever to ask AI tools to produce software that is identical in function to existing open source projects, and that, some would argue, are built from scratch and are therefore original work that can bypass existing copyright licenses. Others would say that software produced by large language models is inherently derivative, because like any LLM output, it is trained on the collective output of humans scraped from the internet, including specific open source projects.

Malus (pronounced malice), uses AI to do the same thing.

“Finally, liberation from open source license obligations,” Malus’s site says. “Our proprietary AI robots independently recreate any open source project from scratch. The result? Legally distinct code with corporate-friendly licensing. No attribution. No copyleft. No problems.” Copyleft is a type of copyright license that ensures reproductions or applications of the software keep it free to share and modify.

Malus’s pitch is naked contempt for the open source community, which believes in developing software collaboratively and providing it for free to everyone. Normally, copyright licenses for open source projects only ask that anyone who uses the work give credit to maintainers and that any derivative works will continue to use the same permissive license, which hopefully grows the community of people who contribute back into the project and keep it going.

“Some licenses require you to contribute improvements back. Your shareholders didn't invest in your company so you could help strangers,” Malus’s site says. “Is your legal team frustrated with the attribution clause? Tired of putting ‘Portions of this software…’ in your documentation? Those maintainers worked for free—why should they get credit?”

The site gained some incredulous attention when it was posted to Hacker News recently,, but it didn’t take people long to realize that it was an elaborate bit of satire, even if the tool can still replicate open source projects as advertised.

Malus was born out of a talk that open source developers Dylan Ayrey and Michael Nolan gave at the open source conference FOSDEM 2026. The AI slop heavy presentation is a whirlwind history of copyright and software, how the two have always had an uneasy but necessary relationship, and how that relationship is fundamentally changed now that AI tools can produce clean room designs at a click of button.

“Even if the courts ruled that maybe this is legal, and maybe there aren't legal restrictions to doing this, is it ethical?” Ayrey asked.

“The question we should be asking is, can we get rich off of this?” Nolan said.

And so Malus was born.

Malus is satire, but it will actually take your money and do what it advertises. It is modeled after the IBM case and uses one AI agent to write the specifications and a different agent to produce the code, creating that “clean room” effect. Malus will also do performance testing and scan for common vulnerabilities to make sure the output is functional.

Nolan didn’t tell me exactly how much money the company is making but said it is a real LLC with a bank account and is profitable, with “probably hundreds” of dollars at this point. The service charges $0.01 for each KB of data across the project's various dependencies.
The pricing for using Malus.
What Malus is satirizing is also really happening. For example, in March Ars Technica and The Register covered an incident around a widely used Python library called chardet. Originally it was released under the LGPL license; then a version was rereleased under the less permissive MIT license. Dan Blanchard, who used Claude to produce the MIT-licensed version of chardet, argued that it was a complete rewrite of chardet, and not derivative, because only a small percent of the code looked and functioned similarly. Mark Pilgrim, who originally released chardet, disagreed and complained about Blanchard using this method to shed the more restrictive LGPL license.

“This concern is legitimate. AI has made clean-room style reimplementation dramatically cheaper,” Blanchard wrote in response to Pilgrim. “What used to require months of work by expensive engineering teams can now, as Armin Ronacher put it, be done trivially.”

Blanchard also conceded that Claude, which like all LLMs, was trained on vast amounts of data scraped indiscriminately from the internet and was exposed to the original chardet in its training, but maintains his version is not derivative.

“I have seen Malus.sh, and like many people, I wasn’t sure it was satire at first, because I’m sure someone will probably make that for real eventually,” Blanchard told me in an email. “I think the reality of the situation is that traditional software licenses (open source and commercial) weren’t the real barrier against these sorts of rewrites in the past (see WINE, Linux, and IBM PC BIOSes long ago), and the main obstacles were time and money. A rewrite that would’ve taken a team of people months or years can be done in days with AI. As a professional software engineer, I don’t love that much of the business model around selling software is in danger, but I don’t think there’s any putting the genie back in the bottle at this point.”

After the backlash, Blanchard changed the license on his version of chardet from MIT to the 0BSD license, which he told me “was a change that satisfied many in the community's concerns about AI-generated code not even being copyrightable in the first place.” The 0BSD license is very permissive and allows anyone to “use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any purpose with or without fee.”

“Much of our law was designed with human scale inefficiencies in mind,” Meredith Rose, a senior policy counsel with Public Knowledge who focuses on copyright, DMCA, and intellectual property reform, told me. “Clean rooms worked because courts kind of looked at the whole clean room methodology and were like, ‘there's a lot of labor that goes into this.’ That’s part of the calculus. You had a couple human beings recreating this very big source package essentially from nothing but high level specs. The idea of collapsing that into something where you can press a button and get an entire package recreated is kind of wild, even though it is technically correct under the law as far as I can tell.”

Others in the open source community say that regardless of the legal implications of AI-generated clean room versions of existing software, the reality and impact of the practice is here, and not good for the open source community.

“Whether or not Malus is satire, the concept it describes is already happening in practice. The legal theory that an AI can ‘clean room’ reimplement things was arguably made inevitable by the approach companies like OpenAI and Anthropic have taken to copyright: treat the entire internet as training data, then claim the output is a new, unencumbered work,” Mike McQuaid, developer of the popular open source package manager Homebrew, told me. “Even if you accept the legal argument, the ethics fucking suck. Open source isn't just source code you download once. It's an ongoing relationship: security patches, bug fixes, adaptation to new platforms, accumulated expertise from years of triage and review. A ‘clean room’ reimplementation fucks all of that. You get a snapshot with none of the maintenance. It’s basically just a fork where nobody knows how the code works, nobody is watching for CVEs, and nobody knows what to do when it breaks. That's not liberation, it's just technical debt.”

Nolan told me that he made Malus to make developers feel this danger.

“I've been publishing research on these [open source] communities for over a decade now, and consistently, what I hear over and over again is that open source has won because 80 or 90 percent of all software applications rely upon us, but what they're relying upon is the wholesale exploitation of massive communities of workers who convince themselves that they're winning because Google uses them, and what they end up doing instead is pretending that because their software is licensed under a certain license, that that means they’re ethical,” Nolan said. “It doesn’t matter if they’re in the supply chain of weapons that are committing war crimes. It doesn’t matter that their friends suddenly get the rug pulled out from under them when a CTO decides to change strategy and no longer wants to support that library anymore [...] They just keep on saying everything’s okay as the tech sector essentially will collapse down upon them, and they keep saying they're winning, even when they're not. And so my hope, with Malus, was to make people think critically about their position.”

Zero-Clause BSD

originally approved under the name of Free Public License 1.0.0., Sep 26, 2018 asked to rename, approved the renomination on Fall Face to face meeting, 2018 https://opensource.org/meeting-minutes/minutes2018fallf2f/

^{fontana (Open Source Initiative)}

404 Media

2026-04-17 15:44:59

FAA Scraps Civil and Criminal Penalties for Flying Drones Near ICE Vehicles

On Wednesday the Federal Aviation Administration rescinded a temporary flight restriction (TFR) that created a no-fly zone within 3,000 feet of “Department of Homeland Security facilities and mobile assets.” The new restriction softened the language of the original and abandoned the threat of civil or criminal penalties but added the Department of Justice to the list of protected agencies.

A 2025 TFR restricted the presence of drones around Department of Energy and Pentagon assets. The FAA added ICE and CBP to the list of restricted agencies in January as ICE began operations in Minneapolis. The no-fly zone covered 3,000 feet around any ICE vehicle. Anyone who was caught violating it could be fined or jailed. Because ICE agents often drive through the city in unmarked vehicles it was impossible for drone operators to know if they were violating the order and local journalists who use drones to take pictures and monitor law enforcement activities were grounded.
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Earlier this month, Minnesota journalist Rob Levine sued the FAA over the TFR. In a motion filed earlier this week, Levine’s lawyers argued that the FAA had violated his rights and should rescind the restrictions. Core to their argument was the unmarked vehicles which they said created a “flotilla of invisible, moving bubbles,” according to court documents. “Under any standard, the TFR’s chilling sweep violates the First Amendment as applied to the Petitioner’s use of drones in photojournalism.”

The FAA replaced the TFR this week after Levine’s lawyers filed the motion. The new advisory lessened restrictions, including dropping the language around 3,000 feet and criminal penalties, but expanded the amount of protected assets.

“UAS operators are advised to avoid flying in proximity to: Department of War, Department of Energy, Department of Justice, and Department of Homeland Security covered mobile assets,” the new TFR said. “UAS operators who fly within this airspace are warned that…DOW, DOE, DOJ, or DHS may take action that results in the interference, disruption, seizure, damaging, or destruction of unamended [aircraft] deemed to pose a credible safety or security threat to covered mobile assets.”

Despite the threat to shoot journalist’s drones out of the sky, Levine and his lawyers see the new TFR as a victory. “This is a big win. It was heartbreaking to have my drones grounded at a time of such importance to my community, but I'm looking forward to getting back up there and getting back to my journalism as soon as possible,” Levine said in a statement provided to 404 Media.

Grayson Clary, a lawyer with Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press who took on Levine’s case, said there is still work to do. “We're glad to see the FAA rescind its original order, which was an egregious overreach that had serious consequences for reporters nationwide. But this kind of arbitrary back-and-forth from the FAA is exactly the problem, and we intend to make clear to the D.C. Circuit that this restriction never should have been implemented in the first place,” he said.

Feds Create Drone No Fly Zone That Would Stop People Filming ICE

The FAA has altered a no fly zone designation that was originally created for US military bases to apply to DHS units.

^{Jason Koebler (404 Media)}

404 Media

2026-04-16 00:09:26

Thomson Reuters Shareholders Demand Investigation into ICE Contracts

On Wednesday shareholders in Thomson Reuters demanded the company’s board launch an investigation into whether its products have contributed to human rights violations, specifically with regards to Thomson Reuters’ ongoing sale of peoples’ personal data to Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE).

Thomson Reuters sells access to the CLEAR investigative database, which can include peoples’ names, addresses, car registration information, Social Security numbers, and details on someone’s ethnicity. 404 Media has repeatedly shown how CLEAR is integrated with ICE tools, including one ICE uses to find neighborhoods to target.

The move is the latest piece of growing pressure against the company concerning its contracts with ICE and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). It follows an internal protest in which more than 200 Thomson Reuters employees sent leadership a letter expressing their concern with those contracts. As 404 Media reported on Tuesday, Thomson Reuters fired the worker who led that effort, according to a newly filed lawsuit.

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Do you work at Thomson Reuters or know anything else about CLEAR? I would love to hear from you. Using a non-work device, you can message me securely on Signal at joseph.404 or send me an email at joseph@404media.co.

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Thomson Reuters Shareholders Demand Investigation into ICE Contracts

^{Joseph Cox (404 Media)}

404 Media

2026-04-15 17:43:17

Ukraine Says Russians are Surrendering to Robots

Ukrainian President Volodomyr Zelenskyy praised robots as the future of war in a Defense Industry Worker Day address on Monday. “For the first time in the history of this war, an enemy position was taken exclusively by unmanned platforms—ground systems and drones. The occupiers surrendered, and the operation was carried out without infantry and without losses on our side,” Zelenskyy said.

Zelenskyy didn’t specify which ground operation he was referring to, but Ukraine’s 13th National Guard Brigade Khartiya conducted an operation north of Kharkiv in December last year that fits the bill. The Wall Street Journal reported on the operation which it said involved 50 aerial drones and an unspecified number of land drones.

The Journal watched footage of the assault provided by Ukraine. “The robot wars began,” it said. “Russian FPV drones appeared, launching themselves at the land vehicles, according to the footage. One came close to destroying a land drone, which fired back at the Russian line with a mounted machine gun.”
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Ukraine won the fight and took the position, but the Journal didn’t report that any Russians surrendered. A spokesperson for the 13th National Guard Brigade Khartiya told the Journal that they found Russian corpses when they sent humans into the position to secure it.

According to Zelenskyy’s Defense Industry Worker Day speech, ground based robots have conducted 22,000 missions on the frontlines of the war in Ukraine in the past three months. “In other words, lives were saved more than 22,000 times when a robot went into the most dangerous areas instead of a warrior. This is about high technology protecting the highest value—human life,” Zelenskyy said.
youtube.com/embed/6Br_kdXR-sk?…
It’s unclear which of the 22,000 missions included the surrender. It may seem like a stretch to imagine a soldier surrendering to an unmanned ground vehicle with an assault rifle and a camera strapped to it, but similar things have happened over the past four years of war. The conflict has become defined by the use of drones on both sides and there’s lots of footage of Russian soldiers surrendering to flying drones.

One of the most famous incidents occurred in 2022 but it became so common that Ukraine established a program called “I Want to Live” that used drones to facilitate surrenders. Ukraine’s armed forces released video instructions about how to surrender to a drone. Russian soldiers could text ahead of time, make an appointment to flee the frontline, wait for a Ukrainian drone, and follow it out of combat with their hands in the air. It’s possible the world will see similar footage in the future, but the drones will be on the ground instead.

The War in Ukraine has ground on for years now and become a war of attrition and inches. The loss of life on both sides is devastating and the proliferation of flying drones has created vast no-man’s lands between Russian and Ukrainian positions. Despite Zelenskyy’s praise of Ukraine’s robotics industry, it’s unclear if embracing UGV as a replacement for infantry will change that reality.

But the world is watching and taking notes. The Pentagon is working on its own ground drones, some of them controlled by AI systems. The U.S. Army is testing one system, called the ULTRA, in Vaziani, Georgia near the country’s border with Russia. Ukraine also helped the US soldiers counter Shahed drones during the recent war with Iran.

On stage, Zelenskyy’s Defense Industry Worker Day speech stressed the importance of Ukraine to Europe and the rest of the world. “We are not building new cooperation with partners on weapons the way it was done in the 1990s or early 2000s, when Ukrainian weapons and strength were sold off like a Black Friday sale,” he said. “We are not making fairs of our weapons, nor are we emptying our stockpiles. We are offering security partnerships.”

The U.S. Army Is Testing AI Controlled Ground Drones Near a Border with Russia

The OverDrive is made to let ground vehicles navigate tough terrain with minimal input from humans.

^{Matthew Gault (404 Media)}

404 Media

2026-04-14 19:50:35

Thomson Reuters Fired Worker For Speaking Out About ICE, Former Employee Says

Thomson Reuters, the technology and content conglomerate that owns the Reuters media agency but also owns and operates the investigative CLEAR database, fired a longstanding employee after they spoke out about the company selling data products to Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), according to a lawsuit filed on Tuesday.

The lawsuit and firing come after more than 200 employees wrote a letter to Thomson Reuters leadership about the company’s contracts with ICE and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS).

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Thomson Reuters Fired Worker For Speaking Out About ICE, Former Employee Says

^{Joseph Cox (404 Media)}

404 Media

2026-04-14 14:39:02

Airbnb Hosts Don't Want to Talk to Guests Anymore, Are Outsourcing Messages to AI

An industry of tech companies is now selling AI-powered chatbot services to Airbnb hosts which reply to guests on their behalf. 404 Media started looking into the companies after one Airbnb host used AI to communicate with their guests, and when the guests seemingly realized, they tricked the chatbot into instead providing a fairly detailed recipe for French toast.

Airbnb told 404 Media it does allow certain hosts to use tools that can reply on their behalf outside of a host’s typical hours, and 404 Media found several companies offering the tech, suggesting this host’s use of AI to talk to guests is not an outlier.

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Airbnb Hosts Don't Want to Talk to Guests Anymore, Are Outsourcing Messages to AI

^{Joseph Cox (404 Media)}

404 Media

2026-04-13 13:15:01

WebinarTV Secretly Scraped Zoom Meetings of Anonymous Recovery Programs

WebinarTV, a site that scrapes Zoom webinars without permission, has downloaded and posted Zoom Webinars for anonymous addiction recovery meetings, support groups for caregivers and people who suffer from chronic illness, and a meeting of nudists.

WebinarTV’s Michael Robertson told me that the company asks every single person for permission to “promote” their webinars, but these specific examples show that WebinarTV scrapes and shares the videos on its site before asking for permission and that some people are not aware that this is happening to them.

“As with all of our support group meetings, this meeting was not intended to be recorded, but rather to be a private discussion among participants,” Kimberly Dorris, executive director at the Graves’ Disease & Thyroid Foundation (GDATF), which hosted a Zoom session which vetted participants, and which still ended up on WebinarTV, wrote in a post about the meeting being uploaded to WebinarTV. That post was titled “A Warning For Patient Communities Connecting on Zoom.”

I first reported about WebinarTV in March, after a teacher told me that a sensitive meeting he held on Zoom for educators who wanted to protect their students from ICE raids ended up on the site. The teacher found out about the video when a someone calling themselvesSarah Blair, which appears to be an AI-generated persona, sent him an email letting him know that the meeting was posted to WebinarTV and also turned into an AI-generated podcast. The teacher asked WebinarTV to take down the meeting because it could put some of the participants in danger, and WebinarTV removed it shortly after.

WebinarTV claims it hosts more than 200,000 Zoom webinars it scraped this way.

After I published the story, several people who use Zoom regularly for meetings or webinars they consider private checked to see if their Zoom videos were posted to WebinarTV and got in touch with me.

Gillian Brockwell, a journalist and 404 Media reader who goes to addiction recovery meetings on Zoom searched WebinarTV for her own meeting after seeing my story. She didn’t find her own meetings, but flagged several other meetings that were clearly meant to be for people who want to preserve their anonymity.

One meeting posted to WebinarTV for “panic anonymous,” or people who suffer from panic and high anxiety, was described as a “a confidential group that bridges decades of clinical biofeedback practice with modern wearable technology.” The recording of the webinar posted to WebinarTV included participants’ full names and shows their faces.

A 12 steps and faith-based recovery meeting for people with substance abuse issues also shows participants full names and faces.

"If I found out I was in one of these meetings captured by WebinarTV, I would feel terrified and betrayed, especially if I were in early recovery," Brockwell told me. "These meetings are clearly meant to be confidential and anonymous, and anonymity is a key component of mutual-support and 12-step recovery models. It allows people a pathway through the stigma that so often prevents them from seeking help, and members sharing openly about some of the most humiliating moments in their lives – things they might never say in public – is a key part of 'identifying in.'"

“I hosted a meeting last night that was intended to be for family members of patients with Graves' disease, thyroid eye disease, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis,” Dorris from the GDATF told me in an email in March. “The link to *register* was public, but in order to receive the joining link, you had to fill out a questionnaire.”

The description for the Zoom meeting was: “Has a loved one been diagnosed with Graves’ disease, thyroid eye disease, or Hashimoto’s thyroiditis? Join us for a short presentation followed by an interactive discussion with people who understand what your family is going through! This meeting is intended for family members and caregivers only. If you are a researcher, industry representative, etc. please contact GDATF at info@gdatf.org to discuss how we can better assist you.”

The registration form specifically asked potential participants whether they were attending in support of or on behalf of someone impacted by these conditions, and were admitted to the meeting one at a time from a Zoom waiting room. Dorris said that no visible AI and transcription tools were running.

One meeting of nudists, or “naturists,” also featured every participant’s face and name, and some appeared shirtless on camera. It’s not clear if this meeting was designed to be private nor if the participants know the meeting was recorded and posted on WebinarTV.

Robertson told me that WebinarTV is not violating these people’s privacy because the site only scrapes Zoom webinars as opposed to Zoom meetings. Zoom webinars work similarly to a regular Zoom meeting, but are intended for larger audiences with features like polling, breakout rooms, and EventBrite integrations.

“Webinars are no different than Facebook Live, X broadcast, or Youtube Live. They are broadcast to the public. This is why we have 200,000 webinars and zero issues to date,” Robertson told me. “We contact every host, twice to make sure they want the promotion. We're the only search engine that does this. Also we make it one click easy to remove. Go try and get something removed from any other search engine.” Robertson is of course ignoring the fact that many people organizing or joining these sessions, even if they are technically webinars, expect them to be private or limited to just the participants.

When I reached out to Zoom in March it said that based on its review WebinarTV accesses meetings using links that have been shared publicly, then records the sessions using browser extension or “other tools.”

“Because these recordings occur on the participant’s device and outside of Zoom’s environment, no platform—including Zoom—has the technical ability to fully prevent third-party screen recording,” the spokesperson said.

“While it is true that our meeting wasn’t infiltrated due to a technical flaw from Zoom, as a customer, I would still like to see Zoom speak out against companies like WebinarTV that send bots with fake identities to infiltrate meetings and covertly record participants who had a reasonable expectation of privacy,” Dorris told me.

A Warning For Patient Communities Connecting on Zoom | Graves' Disease and Thyroid Foundation

^{Kimberly Dorris (Graves' Disease and Thyroid Foundation)}

404 Media

2026-04-08 13:59:46

Microsoft Abruptly Terminates VeraCrypt Account, Halting Windows Updates

Microsoft has terminated an account associated with VeraCrypt, a popular and long-running piece of encryption software, throwing future Windows updates of the tool into doubt, VeraCrypt’s developer told 404 Media.

The move highlights the sometimes delicate supply chain involved in the publication of open source software, especially software that relies on big tech companies even tangentially.

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Microsoft Abruptly Terminates VeraCrypt Account, Halting Windows Updates

^{Joseph Cox (404 Media)}

404 Media

2026-04-06 17:36:44

Multiple Hackers Warned Anti-Porn App Quittr About Security Issue for Months

At least three people warned Quittr, an app that wants to help men stop masturbating, about serious security issues for months, but the creators of the app didn’t fix them until weeks after 404 Media reached out for comment multiple times.

“I emailed the founders and explained the vulnerability. A developer responded, said he was ‘looking into ways to make our security better,’ and asked how I found it. I walked him through it step by step, even explained that the API key being client-sided is normal for Firebase and that they just needed to implement security rules,” an independent researcher who goes by Kaeden, said on her personal blog. “Then nothing. I followed up. No response. I followed up again. Nothing.”

I first wrote about Quittr’s security vulnerability in January after hearing about the app’s security problems from a different independent security researcher. At the time, I did not name the app because Quittr did not fix the issue despite reaching out to the developers about it multiple times. That security researcher found that Quittr had a misconfiguration issue in its use of the mobile development platform Google Firebase, which by default makes it easy for anyone to make themselves an “authenticated” user who can access the app’s backend storage where in many instances user data is stored.

That researcher originally contacted Quittr about the issue in September. Quittr’s founder, Alex Slater, acknowledged the issue, thanked the researcher, and said he would fix it in a matter of hours. When the researcher saw the issue still wasn’t fixed months later, they contacted 404 Media. I reached out to Slater and Quittr multiple times. Slater initially denied there was a security vulnerability, but then fixed the issue sometime before March 10. After this, I saw Quittr finally fixed the vulnerability and published another story naming the app.

Slater was also recently profiled in New York Magazine, which detailed the opulent lifestyle the success of Quittr has afforded them, including driving exotic super cars and living in a Miami mansion. Slater shares videos about his lifestyle on his personal YouTube channel as well.

Some of the data the researcher could access included users’ age, how often they said they watched porn, and written confessions about their porn watching habits. Many of the users self-identified as minors, according to the data.

In March, Kaeden provided me with emails showing she contacted Quittr about the same vulnerability on July 3, 2025.

“Your firebase (Database) is misconfigured its possible to read/write to anything, one of the things its possible to do for example is list all users and their info, which is pretty bad for an app of this nature,” Kaeden said in her email to Quitter. Kaeden also told Quittr exactly how to fix the issue and said that a bug bounty “would be highly appreciated” but she never received one.

A Quittr developer who identified as Caio emailed Kaeden asking for more information and thanked her for responsibly disclosing the issue. Kaeden provided that information, but never heard back.

Since publishing my story about Quittr in March, yet another independent security researcher, who asked to remain anonymous, contacted me to say they also notified Quittr about a similar vulnerability in August 2025. Altogether, three different security researchers told Quittr it was jeopardizing sensitive user data before 404 Media reached out to the app for comment about the issue not being fixed.

a week in my life as an app founder in miami

Profitez des vidéos et de la musique que vous aimez, mettez en ligne des contenus originaux, et partagez-les avec vos amis, vos proches et le monde entier.

^{Alex Slater (YouTube)}

404 Media

2026-04-02 15:04:11

Journalist Sues FAA Over Drone No Fly Zone Designed to Prevent Filming ICE

Minnesota photojournalist Rob Levine and the Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press are suing the Federal Aviation Administration over a recently issued restriction that prevents drones from flying within 3,000 feet of Department of Homeland Security buildings and vehicles, an amorphous no-fly zone that encompasses Immigrations and Customs Enforcement agents.

The FAA issued the temporary flight restriction (TFR) in January as ICE agents flooded the streets of Minneapolis. The rule established a no fly zone of 3,000 feet around “Department of Homeland Security facilities and mobile assets,” a restriction that Levine and his lawyers argue is impossible to follow and is aimed at curtailing the First Amendment rights of journalists.
playlist.megaphone.fm?p=TBIEA2…
“Because there is no means of verifying in advance whether DHS vehicles—such as unmarked cars driven by Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents—are operating in a given location, the practical consequence is that drone pilots nationwide cannot know whether a flight will expose them to liability,” Levine’s lawyers argued in a court document.

Levine lives in Minneapolis and spent the early days of Operation Metro Surge using his drone to capture footage of protests and ICE agents. Then the TFR hit. “It sent a shiver down my spine,” he told 404 Media. “I’m like ‘Oh my god.’ In a city like Minneapolis at the time with, I don’t know, three or four thousand DHS agents in various stages of uniform or undercoverness or civilian cars that they had switched license plates on? Masquerading as delivery men? They were everywhere here. I immediately grounded myself because there was no way you could know in advance whether or not you were violating that [flight restriction]. And when you’re flying they could drive by and you might not even know it.”

Grayson Clary, a lawyer with Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press who is representing Levine, told 404 Media that the FAA has previously used flight restrictions in ways that seem designed to prevent newsgathering. “The FAA has a long history of imposing these temporary flight restrictions over newsworthy events in ways that frustrate journalists' ability to cover protests, law enforcement's response to protests, you name it, and this is sort of the newest escalation in that story,” he said.

This new no fly zone is a modification of an old TFR from 2025 that restricted drone pilots from operating within 3,000 feet of Department of Defense and Department of Energy bases.

“When you think about the old restriction, it’s essentially don’t fly within 3,000 feet of an enormous Naval vessel or a Department of Energy convoy that’s ferrying nuclear weapons around,” Clary said. “They just sort of added DHS to the end of that without taking stock of just how much more difficult it is to know whether you’re within 3,000 feet of a DHS ground vehicle as opposed to within 3,000 feet of a destroyer sitting in a Naval base.”

DHS isn’t forthcoming about the number of ICE agents in a given city or where they are operating. They often wear plainclothes, patrol cities in unmarked vehicles, and don’t announce themselves to people in the neighborhoods they patrol. Clary and Levine argued that the secretive nature of DHS has made it impossible for journalists to comply with the FAA’s no fly zone.

The penalties for violating the FAA restriction are severe. “They can take your drone and destroy it. They could shoot it down if they wanted to. They can arrest you and throw you in jail…and they can also make it so you can never fly a drone again,” Levine said. “It seems purely to prevent photo journalism and to chill photo journalists because the rule is so vague they could even charge you after the fact if they determined that you were somewhere and they had been near there.” The FAA has a history of trying to enforce drone restrictions against operators after the fact, based on footage or images posted on YouTube or social media sites.

Clary agreed. “That’s part of what makes this such a First Amendment problem is that it has a real chilling effect. When you don't know where exactly the line is, you're going to play it more carefully to make sure that you don't accidentally cross it,” he said.

Levine has fought the FAA before on this issue and won. In 2016, just as he was first learning how to pilot drones for his photojournalism work, he traveled to North Dakota to cover the anti-oil pipeline protests at Standing Rock. At the time, the FAA had issued a TFR over the area but Levine was able to push the agency into granting him a waiver on First Amendment grounds.

DHS operates its own drones to aid its surveillance efforts. Last year it flew Predator drones above protests in Los Angeles and Minneapolis residents have taken a lot of footage capturing drones flying above homes in Minnesota.

DHS Flew Predator Drones Over LA Protests, Audio Shows

Air traffic control (ATC) audio unearthed by an aviation tracking enthusiast then reviewed by 404 Media shows two Predator drones leaving, and heading towards, Los Angeles.

^{Joseph Cox (404 Media)}

404 Media

2026-04-02 13:47:24

A Secure Chat App’s Encryption Is So Bad It Is ‘Meaningless’

TeleGuard, an app that markets itself as a secure, end-to-end encrypted messaging platform which has been downloaded more than a million times, implements its encryption so poorly that an attacker can trivially access a user’s private key and decrypt their messages, multiple security researchers told 404 Media. TeleGuard also uploads users’ private keys to a company server, meaning TeleGuard itself could decrypt its users’ messages, and the key can also at least partially be derived from simply intercepting a user’s traffic, the researchers found.

The news highlights something of the wild west of encrypted messaging apps, where not all are created equal.

💡
Do you know anything else about this app or other security issues? I would love to hear from you. Using a non-work device, you can message me securely on Signal at joseph.404 or send me an email at joseph@404media.co.

“No storage of data. Highly encrypted. Swiss made,” the website for TeleGuard reads. The site also says, “The chats as well as voice and video calls are end-to-end encrypted.”

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A Secure Chat App’s Encryption Is So Bad It Is ‘Meaningless’

^{Joseph Cox (404 Media)}

404 Media

2026-03-31 18:26:14

Paul McCartney Banned From Reddit After Promoting Himself in Paul McCartney Subreddit

Sir Paul McCartney was banned from Reddit after sharing pictures of a concert in the r/PaulMcCartney subreddit. Over the weekend, Paul McCartney’s Reddit account attempted to share pictures from a show at Fonda Theatre to the site via a Dropbox link. Shortly afterwards the account was banned.

Why did this happen? That’s in dispute. At first it appeared that the mods of r/PaulMcCartney had kicked Sir Paul from the subreddit dedicated to him. But moderators insist that’s not what happened and pointed to a Reddit admin comment explaining that Paul was banned site-wide, not at the subreddit level. “Ask yourself, why would we ban the account of the man we're all passionate about? Moderators also have no power over [whose] account is deleted from this website. Only admins do, which again has already been addressed by them,” r/PaulMcCartney moderator RoastBeefDisease said in a stickied post on the subreddit.

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Paul McCartney Banned From Reddit After Promoting Himself in Paul McCartney Subreddit

^{Matthew Gault (404 Media)}

404 Media

2026-03-31 13:14:12

How Thomson Reuters Powers ICE and Palantir

Thomson Reuters, the media company which is also a data broker, has long provided underlying personal data for Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) tools, according to documents obtained by 404 Media and sources. There are also indications its data is now part of the Palantir system ICE uses to find which neighborhoods to target.

The findings draw a clearer line between Thomson Reuters’ data business—which can involve selling names, addresses, car registration information, Social Security numbers, and details on someone’s ethnicity under the brand name CLEAR—and the specific tools ICE is ingesting the data into. The news also comes after Thomson Reuters employees sent leadership a signed letter expressing their unease with the company’s ICE and Department of Homeland Security (DHS) contracts, the Minnesota Star Tribune reported last month.

“If these allegations are true, they cut directly against Thomson Reuters’ claims that its products and services are limited to fighting serious crime and are not facilitating deportations,” Emma Pullman, head of shareholder engagement and responsible investment for the B.C. General Employees’ Union (BCGEU), told 404 Media. BCGEU is a minority shareholder in Thomson Reuters and has recently engaged the company concerning its work with ICE, BCGEU said.

💡
Do you work at Thomson Reuters, Palantir, or DHS? I would love to hear from you. Using a non-work device, you can message me securely on Signal at joseph.404 or send me an email at joseph@404media.co.

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How Thomson Reuters Powers ICE and Palantir

Thomson Reuters’ data, which can include peoples’ addresses and details on their ethnicity, is linked to tools used by ICE.

^{Joseph Cox (404 Media)}

404 Media

2026-03-26 19:38:04

Apple Gives FBI a User’s Real Name Hidden Behind ’Hide My Email’ Feature

This article was produced in collaboration with Court Watch, an independent outlet that unearths overlooked court records. Subscribe to them here.

Apple provided the FBI with the real iCloud email address hidden behind Apple’s ‘Hide My Email’ feature, which lets paying iCloud+ users generate anonymous email addresses, according to a recently filed court record.

The move isn’t surprising but still provides uncommon insight into what data is available to authorities regarding the Apple feature. The data was turned over during an investigation into a man who allegedly sent a threatening email to ​​Alexis Wilkins, the girlfriend of FBI director Kash Patel.

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Apple Gives FBI a User’s Real Name Hidden Behind ’Hide My Email’ Feature

^{Joseph Cox (404 Media)}

404 Media

2026-03-24 13:35:37

A Top Google Search Result for Claude Plugins Was Planted by Hackers

A top result on Google for people searching for Claude plugins sent users to a site that recently contained malicious code in an apparent attempt to steal their credentials.

The news shows how the explosion of interest in generative AI tools is giving hackers new ways to attack users.

The malicious site was flagged to us by a 404 Media reader who was using Claude.

“I was googling to troubleshoot how to get my Claude Code CLI to authenticate its github plugin to my Github account and may have stumbled upon a malicious site hosted on Squarespace of all places,” the reader, Dan Foley, told me in an email.

Foley searched for “github plugin claude code” and the top result was a sponsored ad for a Squarespace site with the title “Install Claude Code - Claude Code Docs.”

When he clicked through, he saw a site that was pretending to be the official site for Anthropic’s Claude with identical design and branding.

The phony Anthropic help site had swapped some of the Claude Code installation instructions for others, Foley pointed out. That included a line users could paste into their terminal to allegedly install the software on a Mac. The command included an obfuscated URL, hiding what its real destination was. When Foley decoded it, he found it downloaded software from another site entirely.

ThreatFox, a platform for sharing known instances of malware, recently flagged that domain as sharing a “stealer”, a type of malware that steals users credentials. ThreatFox linked that domain to the stealer as recently as a few days ago.

Google’s ad center listed the advertiser behind the malicious sponsored search result as “Enhancv R&D,” which is based in Bulgaria, according to a screenshot of the advertiser profile Foley shared with 404 Media. The advertiser was also listed as being verified by Google, meaning they had to complete an identity verification process which requires legal documentation of their name and location.

Foley said he flagged the ad to Google, which removed the site from search results. The URL which pointed to the potential stealer is no longer online.

“We removed this ad and suspended the account for violating our policies,” a Google spokesperson told me in an email. Google said it has strict policies against ads that aim to phish information or distribute malware, and that it uses a combination of Gemini-powered tools and human review to enforce these policies at scale. Google claims the vast majority of these ads are caught before the ads ever run.

Malicious links included in paid Google ads that are pretending to be legitimate websites is not a problem that’s unique to AI. Hackers often try to get users to click malicious links by pretending to be whatever is popular on the internet at any given moment, be it a pirated movie or video game just before release or celebrity sex tapes. The fact that hackers are targeting Claude users reflects the growing popularity of AI tools and the hackers’ hope that users are not careful enough to check what they’re clicking when using them.

In January, we wrote about how hackers could similarly target users of the AI agent tool OpenClaw by boosting instructions for AI agents that contained a backdoor for hackers.

"GoogleFix" - Hijacking Google's Sponsored Results to Deliver Infostealers

ClickFix's Latest Evolution Now Hijacks Google's Sponsored Results Infected with AMOS Stealer Lures

^{Guardio Research Team (Guardio)}

404 Media

2026-03-24 13:00:13

This Company Is Secretly Turning Your Zoom Meetings into AI Podcasts

WebinarTV, a company that bills itself as “a search engine for the best webinars,” is secretly scanning the internet for Zoom meeting links, recording the calls, and turning them into AI-generated podcasts for profit. In some cases, people only found out that their Zoom calls were recorded once WebinarTV reached out to them directly to say their call was turned into a podcast in an attempt to promote WebinarTV’s services.

WebinarTV claims to host more than 200,000 webinars. It’s not clear how it’s recording so many Zoom calls without permission, but in some cases the stolen videos posted to WebinarTV can put call participants at risk.

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This Company Is Secretly Turning Your Zoom Meetings into AI Podcasts

^{Emanuel Maiberg (404 Media)}

404 Media

2026-03-23 20:28:37

Judge Allows DOGE Deposition Videos Back Online

On Monday a judge said videos of recent depositions from DOGE members can be published online once again. The ruling is something of an about face for Judge Colleen McMahon, who originally ordered plaintiffs in the DOGE-related lawsuit “claw back” the videos they had published to YouTube. The videos were already massively viral at the time of that ruling, in part because they showed DOGE members Justin Fox and Nate Cavanaugh unable or unwilling to define DEI, admitting their use of ChatGPT to filter contracts to potentially axe based on words like “Black” and “homosexual” but not “white,” and were broadly one of the first times the public has directly heard from people inside DOGE.

“This decision validates our position that the publication of the videos, which document a process to destroy knowledge and access to vital public programs, was indeed in the public’s interest,” Joy Connolly, president of the American Council of Learned Societies, said in a statement shared with 404 Media. “We look forward to continuing the pursuit of justice in reclaiming government support for important humanities research, education, and sustainability initiatives.”

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Judge Allows DOGE Deposition Videos Back Online

^{Joseph Cox (404 Media)}

404 Media

2026-03-20 13:50:54

Tiny Township Fears Iran Drone Strikes Because of New Nuclear Weapons Datacenter

The tiny township of Ypsilanti, Michigan, is worried about being a target for drone strikes thanks to a planned datacenter that the University of Michigan is building to support nuclear weapons research According to Douglas Winters, the township’s attorney, the University and Los Alamos National Laboratories (LANL) “have put a big bulls eye target on this entire township […] I believe it’s the truth.”

Winters delivered a report to the town’s Board of Trustees about the proposed datacenter during a public meeting on Tuesday. “Los Alamos, which produces the nuclear weapons, is a high value target,” he said. He pointed to America’s war in Iran as proof that the datacenter would be a target, noting that Iran’s drones had disabled AWS servers in the Middle East. “This is not a commercial datacenter. A Los Alamos datacenter is going to be the brains of the operation for nuclear modeling, nuclear weaponry.”
playlist.megaphone.fm?p=TBIEA2…
The university and LANL first announced their plan to build a $1.25 billion datacenter in 2024. The university picked nearby Ypsilanti Township—population of about 20,000—as the location for the datacenter and residents have been fighting it ever since. Concerns from the community are typical for people fighting against a datacenter: water, rising electricity bills, pollution, and noise.

Unique to the Ypsilanti datacenter fight, however, is its role in the production of nuclear weapons. The datacenter would service LANL, the birthplace of the atomic bomb and home to America’s nuclear weapons scientists. In January, LANL confirmed that the datacenter would, indeed, be used in nuclear weapons research.

To hear the university tell it, the datacenter will be one of the most advanced computing systems in the world. “We were told at the very beginning by U of M’s Vice President of public relations […] that they were going to build, in his words, the biggest, baddest, fastest computers in the world,” Winters said at the public meeting. “That, in of itself, is what makes these datacenters high value targets […] these data centers constitute power. Artificial intelligence is power. Supercomputers are power. And when something becomes that important, it becomes a target.”

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Winters questioned the American military’s ability to protect targets from the threat of drone attacks on its own soil. “The drone capability is not a joke, folks,” he said. “The United States and Israel, in spite of all their high technology they’re bringing to bear in their war on Iran, they’ve actually had to request that Ukraine send their top advisors to help them understand how to best detect and destroy these drone attacks.”

He also questioned U of M’s values. Following a demand from the White House, the university eliminated its DEI programs in 2025. In February, again at the behest of the federal government, it announced the end of the PhD Project which helped people from underrepresented backgrounds get PhDs. “You have a situation now where the University of Michigan […] has cut a deal with the Department of War under Trump,” Winters said. “That’s what the University of Michigan has turned into by basically selling their soul to the Department of War.”

Jay Coghlan, the executive director of Nuclear Watch New Mexico, told 404 Media, “That LANL datacenter is going to be the brains for nuclear modeling and nuclear weaponry. Ultimately that's what it’s all about. Beware, a recent study found that in war games artificial intelligence went to escalation and nuclear war 95 percent of the time.”

According to Coghlan, the construction of the datacenter followed a familiar pattern. “The Lab has colonized brown people for eight decades here just like it’s now trying to do in Ypsilanti (New Mexico is 50 percent Hispanic and 12 percent Native American). But what the brown people in Ypsilanti have that they don’t have here is lots of water,” he told 404 Media.

Another topic of discussion at the Tuesday meeting was how to stop the construction of the datacenter. Winters and others explained that it’s been difficult to get the university, county, and other government powers to engage with them. Interested parties plead ignorance or recuse themselves because of financial involvement with U of M. “They’ve acted like The Godfather, making you an offer that you can’t refuse,” Winters said.

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Trustee Karen Lovejoy Roe questioned why LANL wanted to build a datacenter 1,500 miles away from its home. “Why don’t you do that datacenter where you're going to build the plutonium pits? One’s in South Carolina, one’s in New Mexico. Tell me why?” Roe said during the meeting. “They thought that we would be an easy target […] that we’re just a bunch of poor brown and black and dumb hillbillies.”

But the Township isn’t completely powerless. “U of M is totally above the law, but is DTE?” Sarah, an Ypsilanti resident said during public comments. DTE is the local power company. Datacenters are electricity hungry buildings and DTE will need to build substations to service LANL’s supercomputers.

“What if we had a moratorium on substations until we learned about the harmonics of the electricity and how that’s impacted by datacenters?” Sarah said. “Having a moratorium on heavy construction on the roads, you know, heavy construction equipment on the roads leading to the datacenter site […] it’s going to be scary and hard to stand up to the University of Michigan. It’s true: they’re very powerful and we just need to be creative and we need to be strong and we need to block them at every step of the way.”

Holly, another resident, suggested another plan of attack. “U of M’s vulnerability is in their reputation,” Holly said. “We need to continue to make them look as bad as possible.”

The University of Michigan did not return 404 Media's request for comment. LANL did not provide a comment.

Correction 3/20/26: This story incorrectly conflated the City of Ypsilanti with Ypsilanti Township. They are two separate, but neighboring, locations. We've updated the story to reflect this and regret the error.

U-M ends ties with program that helped diversify PhDs, after federal threat - Bridge Michigan

The PhD Project was inspired by a U-M effort from the early 90s, but the university has ended its association with the mentoring program following a federal probe into ‘racial preferences.’

^{Kim Kozlowski (Bridge Michigan)}

404 Media

2026-03-18 14:27:59

Government Registers Aliens.Gov Domain

The Executive Office of the President registered the domain aliens.gov on Wednesday a little after 6:30 AM according to a bot that monitors federal domains. There’s no associated website just yet, but the registration comes a month after Trump said he would direct the government to release files related to aliens and UFOs to the public.

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Government Registers Aliens.Gov Domain

^{Matthew Gault (404 Media)}

404 Media

2026-03-16 14:41:09

Witness Caught Using Smartglasses in Court Blames it all on ChatGPT

An insolvency judge in England tossed out testimony after discovering a witness was being coached on what to say in real time through a pair of smartglasses. When the voice of the coach started coming through the cellphone after it was disconnected from the glasses, the witness blamed the whole thing on ChatGPT.

Insolvency and Companies Court (ICC) Judge Agnello KC in Britain wrote up the incident after it happened in January and the UK-based legal research blog Legal Futures was first to report it. The case considered the liquidation of a Lithuanian company co-owned by a man named Laimonas Jakštys. Jakštys was in court to get his business off an insolvency list and to put himself back in charge of it. It didn’t go well.
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“Right at the start of his cross examination, he seemed to pause quite a bit before replying to the questions being asked,” Judge Agnello wrote. “These questions were interpreted and then there was a pause before there was a reply. After several questions, [defense lawyer Sarah Walker] then informed me that she could hear an interference coming from around Mr. Jakštys and asked if Mr. Jakštys could take his glasses off for a period as she was aware smart glasses existed.”

There was a Lithuanian interpreter on hand to help Jakštys talk to the court and she, too, said she could hear voices from Jakštys’s glasses. The judge pointed out they were smart glasses and asked him to take them off. “After a few further questions, when the interpreter was in the process of translating a question, Mr Jakštys’ mobile phone started broadcasting out loud with the voice of someone talking,” Judge Agnello wrote. “There was clearly someone on the mobile phone talking to Mr. Jakštys. He then removed his mobile phone from his inner jacket pocket. At my direction, the smart glasses and his mobile were placed into the hands of his solicitor.”

Jakštys showed up the next day in the glasses again and the judge told him to turn them off. “Jakštys denied that he was using the smart glasses to receive the answers that he was to give in court to the questions being asked,” the judgement said. “He also denied that his smart glasses were linked to his mobile phone at the time that he was giving evidence before me.”

During the court appearance, Jakštys claimed his mobile phone had been stolen but couldn’t provide a police report for the incident. He also repeatedly received calls on his smartglasses-connected phone from a number listed as “abra kadabra.” The call log showed that many of the calls occurred when he was on the witness stand. The judge asked him about the identity of “abra kadabra” and Jakštys said it was a taxi driver.

“When he was pressed as to why all these calls were made…Mr. Jakštys stated that he was not able to remember. This was a reply which he also gave frequently during his evidence,” Judge Agnello said.

In the end, the Judge tossed out all of Jakštys’ testimony. “He was untruthful in relation to his use about the smart glasses and in being coached through the smart glasses,” the judgement said. “In my judgment, from what occurred in court, it is clear that call was made, connected to his smart glasses and continued during his evidence until his mobile phone was removed from him. When asked about this, his explanation was that he thought it was ChatGPT which caused the voice to be heard from his mobile phone once his smart glasses had been removed. That lacks any credibility.”

This incident in the London court is just another in a long line of bad behavior from people wearing smartglasses. CBP agents have been spotted wearing them during immigration raids and Harvard students have loaded them with facial recognition tech to instantly dox strangers.

Someone Put Facial Recognition Tech onto Meta's Smart Glasses to Instantly Dox Strangers

The technology, which marries Meta’s smart Ray Ban glasses with the facial recognition service Pimeyes and some other tools, lets someone automatically go from face, to name, to phone number, and home address.

^{Joseph Cox (404 Media)}

404 Media

2026-03-14 16:00:39

The Removed DOGE Deposition Videos Have Already Been Backed Up Across the Internet

The DOGE deposition videos a judge ordered removed from YouTube on Friday after they had gone massively viral have since been backed up across the internet, including as a torrent and to the Internet Archive.The videos included DOGE members unable or unwilling to define DEI; discussing how they used ChatGPT and terms such as “black” and “homosexual” to flag grants for termination but not “white” or “caucasian,” and acknowledgements that despite their aggressive cuts they failed to achieve the stated goal of lowering the government deficit.

The news shows the difficulty in trying to remove material from the internet, especially that which has a high public interest and has already been viewed likely millions of times. It’s also an example of the “Streisand Effect,” a phenomenon where trying to suppress information often results in the information spreading further.

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Do you know anything else about this case? I would love to hear from you. Using a non-work device, you can message me securely on Signal at joseph.404 or send me an email at joseph@404media.co.

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The Removed DOGE Deposition Videos Have Already Been Backed Up Across the Internet

^{Joseph Cox (404 Media)}

404 Media

2026-03-14 00:19:58

DOGE Deposition Videos Taken Down After Judge Order and Widespread Mockery

A judge on Friday ordered the immediate removal of a series of depositions of members of DOGE, but not before clips of the depositions, including one in which a member was largely unable to define DEI, went viral and were covered widely, including by 404 Media.

At the time of writing, the depositions are not available on YouTube, where the Modern Language Association had uploaded them. The MLA, American Council of Learned Societies, and American Historical Association, are suing the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) and others around DOGE’s cuts of hundreds of millions of dollars worth of grants. Neither the plaintiffs nor the government immediately responded to a request for comment.

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DOGE Deposition Videos Taken Down After Judge Order and Widespread Mockery

The government asked a judge to stop the spread of the videos on YouTube. The judge agreed and ordered their immediate removal.

^{Joseph Cox (404 Media)}

404 Media

2026-03-13 12:40:01

People Hate Datacenters, Survey Finds

A new study from the Pew Research Center asked Americans about their feelings toward datecenters and it’s not positive. Pew published the study the day after Sen. Bernie Sanders called for a moratorium on the construction of datacenters in the United States amid mounting public concern around the building’s impacts on local communities.

Pew surveyed 8,512 adults in January and asked them a broad range of questions about how they felt about datacenters. Most of the respondents said they’d heard of datecenters and the more they’d read, the less they liked them.

💡
Is an unwanted datacenter being built in your community? I would love to hear from you. Using a non-work device, you can message me securely on Signal at +1 347 762-9212 or send me an email at matthew@404media.co.

Most of the Americans surveyed believe that datacenters are bad for the environment, home energy costs, and the quality of life of people living nearby and the numbers aren’t close. Only four percent of people thought datacenters were good for the environment, six percent good for jobs, and six percent good for people’s quality of life.

Despite those negative feelings, many of the people surveyed thought that datacenters would be good for jobs in the communities where they’re built and would boost local tax revenue. “Still, Americans are less likely to express positive views of data centers’ impact in these areas than to express negative views of their effects on the environment, energy costs and people’s quality of life nearby,” the research said.

Research shows that the reality of job creation by datacenters doesn’t actually live up to the promises from those lobbying to build them. “Data centers do not bring high-paying tech jobs to local communities because they operate as infrastructure projects rather than traditional jobcreating businesses,” University of Michigan researchers wrote in a 2025 brief. “Although the construction of data centers can create many jobs, those are short lived.”

The survey charts a growing anti-datacenter sentiment in America. The US is in the middle of a massive infrastructure project similar to the Manhattan Project. In a mad dash to build out AI systems, companies are constructing massive buildings and energy infrastructure across the country, often with little input from local communities and at a massive cost.

The city of Ypsilanti, Michigan is fighting to stop the construction of a $1.2 billion datacenter that would be used to test nuclear weapons. In the middle of a massive winter storm that paralyzed the state in January, lawmakers in a rural South Carolina county pushed through the approval of a controversial $2.4 billion datacenter. In Oklahoma, police arrested a man who was speaking in opposition to a datacenter after he went slightly over his time during a city council meeting.

Datacenters are terrible neighbors. The buildings drive up the cost of energy for people who live nearby, consume massive amounts of water, and can produce noises and fumes that hurt locals. In Mississippi, locals are concerned about the pollution and noise caused by an xAI datacenter powered by gas turbines. A proposed datacenter project near Amarillo, Texas would be powered by four massive nuclear generators and pull water from an aquifer with dwindling reserves. In an effort to quell fears about power consumption, Trump made Amazon, Google, Meta, Microsoft, OpenAI, Oracle, and xAI sign a pledge to keep energy costs down. But a pledge isn’t a law. It’s not even an executive order.

Pew’s research came out the day after Sanders announced he was proposing legislation to put a moratorium on the construction of new datacenters in the US. “We are at the beginning of the most profound technological revolution in world history. That’s the truth,” Sanders said in a video posted on social media. “This is a revolution which will bring unimaginable changes to our world. This is a revolution which will impact our economy with massive job replacement. It will threaten our democratic institutions. It will impact our emotional well-being and what it even means to even mean to be a human being.”

We need a moratorium on AI data centers NOW. Here’s why. pic.twitter.com/dRfAdQ67zD
— Sen. Bernie Sanders (@SenSanders) March 11, 2026

“Congress hasn’t a clue how to respond…and protect the American people. It’s not only not having a clue, they’re busy out raising money all day long from AI and their super PACs,” Sanders said. “We need a moratorium on datacenters. We need to take a deep breath. We need to make sure that AI and robotics work for all of us, not just a handful of billionaires.

2031868041940660673

We need a moratorium on AI data centers NOW. Here’s why. pic.twitter.com/dRfAdQ67zD— Sen. Bernie Sanders (@SenSanders) 11 marzo 2026

^{Sen. Bernie Sanders (X (formerly Twitter))}

404 Media

2026-03-11 15:41:16

Here’s the Memo Approving Gemini, ChatGPT, and Copilot for Use in the Senate

A top Senate administrator approved OpenAI’s ChatGPT, Google’s Gemini, and Microsoft’s Copilot for official use in the Senate, the New York Times reported on Tuesday. 404 Media has obtained the full text of the memo and is publishing it below.

“The Sergeant at Arms (SAA) office of the Chief Information Officer (CIO) has approved the use of three Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) platforms with Senate data,” the memo starts. It also says the SAA will provide each Senate employee with one free license to either Gemini Chat or ChatGPT Enterprise, with Copilot also available at no cost.

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Do you know anything else about the government's use of AI? I would love to hear from you. Using a non-work device, you can message me securely on Signal at joseph.404 or send me an email at joseph@404media.co.

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Here’s the Memo Approving Gemini, ChatGPT, and Copilot for Use in the Senate

^{Joseph Cox (404 Media)}

404 Media

2026-03-09 13:26:08

I Visited the ‘Freedom Truck’ to Meet PragerU’s AI Slop Founders

In the parking lot of Seven Oaks Element school in South Carolina on one of the first hot days of the year I watched an AI-generated George Washington talk about the American revolution. “Our rights are a gift from God, not a favor from kings or courts,” slop Washington told me. It spoke from a screen that stretched floor to ceiling, trimmed by a fancy frame.

The intended effect is to make it appear as if the founding father is a painting come to life, a piece of history talking to the viewer. The actual effect was to remind that the AI slop aesthetic is synonymous with the Trump presidency and has become part of the visual language of fascism. Which is fitting because AI George Washington is the result of a collaboration between the Trump White and online content mill PragerU.
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The AI slop founding father is part of a touring exhibit of Freedom Trucks commissioned by PragerU in honor of the 250th anniversary of American independence. The trucks are a mobile museum exhibit meant to teach kids about the founding of the country. It’s pitched at kids—most of the “content,” as staff on site called it, is meant for a younger audience but the trucks have viewing hours open to the general public. Nick Bravo, a PragerU employee on hand to answer questions, told me that there are six Freedom Trucks and that the plan is to have them travel the 48 contiguous United States over the next year.

I was drawn to the Freedom Truck because I’d heard they contained AI-generated recreations of Revolutionary figures like Washington, Betsy Ross, and the Marquis Lafayette, similar to the ones on display at the White House. To my disappointment, the AI generated videos in the Freedom Truck are remarkably boring.

As I watched the AI George Washington deliver a by-the-books version of the American story, I thought about Jerry Jones. The famously vain owner of the Dallas Cowboys commissioned an AI version of himself for AT&T stadium in 2023. Fans who make the pilgrimage to the stadium can watch a presentation and ask the AI Jones questions. The AI wanders a big screen while it talks to the audience.

Other than the lazy AI generated videos, the Freedom Truck doesn’t have much to offer. I signed a digital copy of the Declaration of Independence on a touchscreen and took a quiz that asked leading questions designed to find out if I was a “loyalist or patriot.”

“The British Army sends soldiers to Boston. How do you react?” Answer 1: “View them as occupiers violating colonial liberty.” Answer 2: “Welcome them as defenders of law and order.” With ICE and the National Guard patrolling American cities, I wondered how supporters of the current administration would answer that one.

PragerU is known for its “America can do no wrong” view of US history. Its short form video content offers a cartoon version of the past stripped of nuance and context where the country lives up to the myth that it is a “Shining City On a Hill.” According to PragerU, white people abolished slavery and dropping the atomic bomb on Japan was a necessary thing that “shortened the war and saved countless lives.” Now PragerU is taking its view of history on tour across the country. School children in every state will wander these trucks and encounter an AI slop version of the past.

Bravo told me that all the truck’s content was generated as part of a partnership between PragerU and Michigan’s Hillsdale College—a Christian university that helped craft Project 2025. There were, of course, hints of Project 2025 around the edges of the child-friendly AI-generated videos. Slavery isn’t ignored but the stories of early African Americans like poet Phillis Wheatley focus on her celebration of America rather than how she arrived there. On the museum’s “Wall of Heroes,” Whittaker Chambers is nestled between architect Frank Lloyd Wright and painter Norman Rockwell.

A small note near the floor at the exit of the truck notes the collaboration of PragerU and Hillsdale College, and claims that “neither institution received any federal funds and both generously contributed their own resources to help create this educational exhibit.” It also said “this truck was made possible through a grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Services,” which is, of course, a federal agency.

Every AI-generated video ended with a title card showing the White House and PragerU’s logo. “The White House is grateful for the partnership with PragerU and the US Department of Education for the production of this museum,” the card said. “This partnership does not constitute or imply a US Government or US Department of Education endorsement of PragerU.”

Trump attempted to dismantle the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS) via executive order in 2025, but the courts blocked it. Libraries and Museums have since reported that the IMLS grant process has taken on a “chilling” pro-Trump political turn. The administration has also attempted to dismantle the Department of Education.

Trump’s voice was the last thing I heard as I wandered into the bright afternoon sun. “I want to thank PragerU for helping us share this incredible story,” he said in a recorded video that played on a loop in Freedom Truck. “I hope you will join me in helping to make America’s 250th anniversary a year we will never forget.”

Grant Guidelines for Libraries and Museums Take “Chilling” Political Turn Under Trump

Former Institute of Museum and Library Services leaders from both political parties expressed concern that the new funding guidelines could encourage a more constrained or distorted view of American history.

^{Alex.Bandoni@propublica.org (ProPublica)}

404 Media

2026-03-05 20:36:01

Proton Mail Helped FBI Unmask Anonymous ‘Stop Cop City’ Protester

Privacy-focused email provider Proton Mail provided Swiss authorities with payment data that the FBI then used to determine who was allegedly behind an anonymous account affiliated with the Stop Cop City movement in Atlanta, according to a court record reviewed by 404 Media.

The records provide insight into the sort of data that Proton Mail, which prides itself both on its end-to-end encryption and that it is only governed by Swiss privacy law, can and does provide to third parties. In this case, the Proton Mail account was affiliated with the Defend the Atlanta Forest (DTAF) group and Stop Cop City movement in Atlanta, which authorities were investigating for their connection to arson, vandalism and doxing. Broadly, members were protesting the building of a large police training center next to the Intrenchment Creek Park in Atlanta, and actions also included camping in the forest and lawsuits. Charges against more than 60 people have since been dropped.

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Proton Mail Helped FBI Unmask Anonymous ‘Stop Cop City’ Protester

^{Joseph Cox (404 Media)}