Surveillance under Surveillance: Weltkarte der Videoüberwachung gerettet
netzpolitik.org/2025/surveilla…
Il Consiglio Nazionale dei giornalisti: reintegrare Nunziati
@Giornalismo e disordine informativo
articolo21.org/2025/11/il-cons…
– “Non si può essere di fatto licenziati per aver posto una domanda”: il Consiglio nazionale dell’Ordine dei giornalisti esprime “sconcerto per la vicenda che ha visto suo malgrado, protagonista
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Leonardo, crescita sostenibile e nuove alleanze trainano i risultati nel terzo trimestre
@Notizie dall'Italia e dal mondo
I risultati approvati dal Consiglio di Amministrazione di Leonardo confermano la traiettoria di crescita e la solidità del gruppo lungo le direttrici del Piano Industriale 2025-2029. Nei primi nove mesi dell’anno, il colosso italiano dell’aerospazio e della difesa ha registrato un
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Aggiornamenti Android novembre 2025, corretta una vulnerabilità critica
@Informatica (Italy e non Italy 😁)
È stato rilasciato l’Android Security Bulletin per il mese di novembre 2025: al suo interno, gli aggiornamenti per due vulnerabilità, di cui una di esecuzione remota del codice classificata come critica. Ecco i dettagli e i consigli per mettere in sicurezza
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Medieval Iron, Survivorship Bias and Modern Metallurgy
When you hear it said that “Modern steel is disposable by design”, your ears perk up, as you just caught the unmistakable sound of faux romanticism along with ‘lost ancient technology‘ vibes. Although it happens sometimes that we did lose something important, as with for example the ancient Roman concrete that turns out to have self-healing properties as a result of so-called hot mixing, this is decidedly an exception.
We nearly lost that technology because of the technological and scientific bonfire that was the prelude to a thousand years of darkness over Europe: called the Dark Ages, Middle Ages as well as the medieval period. Thus when you come across a slideshow video with synthesized monotonal voice-over which makes the bold claim that somehow medieval iron was superior and today’s metallurgy both worse and designed to break, you really have to do a spit-take. The many corrections in the comment section further reinforces the feeling that it’s more slop than fact.
One of the claims made is that the bloomery furnace beats the blast furnace, due to beneficial additives to the iron. Considering that the video cites its sources, it’s at least worthy of a dive into the actual science here. Are modern iron and steel truly that inferior and disposable?
The Iron Age
The Iron Age is defined as the point when a civilization begins to mass-produce tools and weapons made from processed iron ore rather than just the use of found meteoric iron. What makes this such a telling technological moment is because in order to smelt iron, you need to have a furnace capable of generating temperatures around 1,250 °C. The transition between the easier to process bronze and superior iron took place between 1,200 and 1,100 BCE in Europe, along with much of Asia, in particular India and China.
Processing iron ore to turn it into any of the types of iron alloys possible can be done in a variety of ways, with direct reduction through smelting commonly being used throughout history, alongside blast furnaces. These latter became the most common approach in the 20th century, using a two-stage process involving refining in a converter. Electric arc furnaces can take both the pig iron from blast furnaces and scrap metal as input. Regardless of the method used, the iron ore has to have its impurities removed or reduced to the desired levels for the target alloy.
Pig iron is the output of blast furnaces and can be used for cast iron when melted. This is different from the wrought iron, which traditionally was produced using the output from a bloomery. This is a type of metallurgical furnace capable of smelting iron ore. Using direct reduction with a reduction gas like carbon monoxide, methane or hydrogen, it produces direct reduced iron, also called sponge iron, with the intended reduction in carbon content. This can then be processed by a blacksmith into wrought iron products.
Blast furnaces also provide this carbon reduction, using coke or hydrogen as the redox agent, but as a continuous process the resulting pig iron has a carbon content of 3.8 – 4.7% compared to the higher purity of direct reduced iron that puts it on the level of scrap steel.
Currently blast furnaces and electric arc furnaces offer the most economical way to produce large amounts of steel. Modern direct reduction furnace types have been developed that while not directly competitive have certain advantages, such as being able to process certain ore types that blast furnaces struggle with.
That said, China in particular focused significantly on blast furnaces, with no significant use of bloomeries, but instead the use of finery forges to refine the pig iron from their blast furnaces. By using water power, the blast furnaces could produce massive amounts of pig iron, giving China a significant advantage over medieval Europe.
Archaeometallurgy
So how did medieval iron alloys differ from that during the early days of the Iron Age in Europe and China, never mind during the technological boom of the ancient Roman Empire? Unsurprisingly the Early Middle Ages (500 – 1000 CE) saw mostly a sharp decline in mining and metallurgy that took until the High Middle Ages (11th to 13th centuries) to begin to recover and the Late Middle Ages to see a strong push for innovation. This was however not an easy period, as famine, war and pestilence kept ravaging economies and its people. Compared to the relative peace and structured society of the Roman times, things couldn’t have been more different.
The study of metallurgy from a historical context is called archaeometallurgy, which focuses on observable evidence such as slag and similar residues left over at former furnace and blacksmithing sites, as well as found metal artefacts. This latter aspect of found artefacts bears reminding, as these include the iron objects that survived often being buried for hundreds if not thousands of years. This risks indulging in survivorship bias, as we do not recover iron artefacts that did rust away, nor those that were tossed with other scrap metal into a furnace.
The iron pillar of Delhi is one such example. This six-ton, 7.21 m tall behemoth has drawn significant attention for its lack of corrosion despite having been exposed to the elements for more than a thousand years. After study of this pillar and other examples of Indian iron from roughly the same era, the levels of phosphor (P) were implicated in the formation of a corrosion resistant hydrate layer, as summarized in a 2000 article by R. Balasubramaniam in Corrosion Science. This is however a relatively thin and fragile layer. Before a protective cage was added, the constant touching of visitors would affect this layer, explaining why its bottom is rather rusty.
What this does however highlight is the importance of a passivation element in iron alloys to enable some level of corrosion resistance by preventing or slowing down the oxidation process. This, combined with environmental factors such as dry air and a low-oxygen environment can be key to the survival of an iron object.
In the case of modern stainless steel, this passivation is provided primarily by chromium which helps form a protective layer. As pre-Industrial Revolution iron alloys tended to have significant amounts of slag and other contaminants embedded in them, this provided enough opportunities for such a passivation layer to be formed.
A good study subject when it comes to medieval iron can be found in the surviving medieval structures, which are primarily churches and cathedrals. These have iron reinforcements that are exposed to various environments, ranging from an dry indoor climate to ones more conducive to corrosion. In a study of these iron rebars in the 13th century Bourges’ Cathedral attic, including a broken one, it was found that they were decidedly rusting away and that even these primarily indoor rebars need special preservation techniques to keep them from eventually failing.
During an excavation in a medieval necropolis in Spain, a gilded spur was uncovered. This was used for an experimental archaeological analysis method, detailing just how far this gilded, medieval iron object was decayed. While the gold layer provided some protection against corrosion, eventually moisture and oxygen managed to make its way past this layer and over the course of a few hundred years much of the spur decayed to the point where it was largely falling apart.
Modern Age
Although it’s tempting to hold modern day in contempt and indulge in romanticism of a past that never was, the fact of the matter is that these days we have ways to analyze and manipulate iron and other alloys in ways that the ancient Romans and medieval metallurgists could only dream of. While they had extensive institutional knowledge based on empirical findings, we can use methods like Raman spectroscopy to prod molecules to determine their identity and electron microscopes to find out their structure.
Whereas for ancient Roman concrete we can definitely state that it’s better in certain ways than the concrete we have been using since the Industrial Revolution, there we have the hard to miss evidence of Roman concrete structures like ancient seawalls and the Pantheon in Rome seemingly oblivious to the elements and weather of the past two thousand-odd years.
As far as miraculous ancient iron goes, there are definitely a few oddities out there like certain types of Indian iron, and using modern metallurgy we should definitely do our utmost to understand the materials science behind their longevity. That said, modern metallurgy is already pretty good. If your tools are rusting away, or your stainless steel car is taking on a disquieting orange sheen, you probably should have picked that 304 stainless steel instead of cheapening out with a 200-series or 301 stainless steel. We have the technology.
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L’era dei Paywall è finita? I Browser intelligenti l’aggirano e controllarli è molto difficile
Come possono gli editori proteggersi dai browser “intelligenti” dotati di intelligenza artificiale se hanno l’aspetto di utenti normali? L’emergere di nuovi browser “intelligenti” basati sull’intelligenza artificiale sta mettendo in discussione i metodi tradizionali di protezione dei contenuti online.
Il browser Atlas di OpenAI, recentemente rilasciato, così come Comet di Perplexity e la modalità Copilot di Microsoft Edge, stanno diventando strumenti in grado di fare molto più che visualizzare pagine web: svolgono attività in più fasi, ad esempio raccogliendo informazioni di calendario e generando briefing per i clienti basati sulle notizie.
Le loro capacità stanno già ponendo serie sfide agli editori che cercano di limitare l’uso dell’intelligenza artificiale nei loro contenuti. Il problema è che tali browser sono esteriormente indistinguibili dagli utenti normali.
Quando Atlas o Comet accedono a un sito, vengono identificati come sessioni standard di Chrome, non come crawler automatici. Questo li rende impossibili da bloccare utilizzando il protocollo di esclusione dei robot, poiché bloccare tali richieste potrebbe contemporaneamente impedire l’accesso agli utenti normali. Il rapporto “State of the Bots” di TollBit osserva che la nuova generazione di visitatori AI è “sempre più simile a quella umana”, rendendo più impegnativo il monitoraggio e il filtraggio di tali agenti.
Un ulteriore vantaggio per i browser basati sull’intelligenza artificiale è il modo in cui sono strutturati gli abbonamenti a pagamento moderni. Molti siti web, tra cui MIT Technology Review, National Geographic e il Philadelphia Inquirer, utilizzano un approccio lato client: l’articolo viene caricato per intero ma viene nascosto dietro una finestra pop-up che offre un abbonamento. Mentre il testo rimane invisibile agli esseri umani, è accessibile all’intelligenza artificiale. Solo i paywall lato server, come quelli di Bloomberg o del Wall Street Journal, nascondono in modo affidabile i contenuti fino a quando l’utente non effettua l’accesso. Tuttavia, se l’utente ha effettuato l’accesso, l’agente di intelligenza artificiale può leggere liberamente l’articolo per suo conto.
OpenAI Atlas ha ricevuto il testo completo di un articolo esclusivo per gli abbonati da MIT Technology Review (CJR).
Durante i test, Atlas e Comet hanno estratto facilmente il testo completo delle pubblicazioni classificate del MIT Technology Review, nonostante le restrizioni imposte da crawler aziendali come OpenAI e Perplexity.
In un caso, Atlas è anche riuscito a riassemblare un articolo bloccato di PCMag combinando informazioni provenienti da altre fonti, come tweet, aggregatori e citazioni di terze parti. Questa tecnica, soprannominata “digital breadcrumb”, è stata precedentemente descritta dallo specialista di ricerca online Henk van Ess.
OpenAI afferma che i contenuti visualizzati dagli utenti tramite Atlas non vengono utilizzati per addestrare i modelli, a meno che non sia abilitata la funzione “Memorie del browser”. Tuttavia, “ChatGPT ricorderà i dettagli chiave delle pagine visualizzate”, il che, come ha osservato Jeffrey Fowler, editorialista del Washington Post, rende l’informativa sulla privacy di OpenAI confusa e incoerente. Non è ancora chiaro in che misura l’azienda utilizzi i dati ottenuti tramite contenuti a pagamento.
Si osserva un approccio decisamente selettivo: Atlas evita di contattare direttamente i siti web che hanno intentato cause legali contro OpenAI , come il New York Times, ma cerca comunque di aggirare il divieto compilando un riassunto dell’argomento da altre pubblicazioni – The Guardian, Reuters, Associated Press e il Washington Post – che hanno accordi di licenza con OpenAI. Comet, al contrario, non mostra tale moderazione.
Questa strategia trasforma l’agente artificiale in un intermediario che decide quali fonti sono considerate “accettabili”. Anche se l’editore riesce a bloccare l’accesso diretto, l’agente sostituisce semplicemente l’originale con una versione alternativa degli eventi. Questo altera la percezione stessa dell’informazione: l’utente riceve non un articolo, ma un’interpretazione generata automaticamente.
I browser basati sull’intelligenza artificiale non hanno ancora raggiunto un’ampia diffusione, ma è già chiaro che le barriere tradizionali come i paywall e il blocco dei crawler non sono più efficaci. Se tali agenti dovessero diventare il mezzo principale per leggere le notizie, le case editrici dovranno trovare nuovi meccanismi per garantire la trasparenza e il controllo su come i loro contenuti vengono utilizzati dall’intelligenza artificiale.
L'articolo L’era dei Paywall è finita? I Browser intelligenti l’aggirano e controllarli è molto difficile proviene da Red Hot Cyber.
Un pericoloso Exploit Zero-day Zero-click minaccia miliardi di device Android
Google ha emesso un avviso urgente riguardante una vulnerabilità critica in Android che consente agli aggressori di eseguire codice arbitrario sul dispositivo senza alcuna interazione da parte dell’utente. La vulnerabilità Zero Click è stata scoperta in componenti di sistema del sistema operativo e descritta nel Bollettino sulla sicurezza Android di novembre 2025.
La vulnerabilità, identificata come CVE-2025-48593, è considerata una delle più pericolose degli ultimi anni. Colpisce diverse versioni dell’Android Open Source Project (AOSP), dalla 13 alla 16, e può essere sfruttata per l’esecuzione di codice remoto ( RCE ) senza richiedere privilegi aggiuntivi o azioni da parte del proprietario del dispositivo.
Google stima che gli aggressori possano sfruttare il bug inviando pacchetti di rete appositamente creati o distribuendo app dannose tramite store di terze parti e installazioni sideloaded. Un attacco riuscito consente l’accesso completo al dispositivo, inclusa la possibilità di rubare dati, installare ransomware o trasformare lo smartphone in un componente botnet. Il problema è stato registrato internamente con l’ID bug Android A-374746961 ed è già stato risolto nelle ultime build di AOSP.
La vulnerabilità deriva da una gestione impropria dei processi di sistema, che consente l’iniezione di codice arbitrario durante le normali operazioni, ad esempio durante l’avvio di app o la sincronizzazione dei dati in background. I ricercatori osservano che i sintomi della vulnerabilità sono simili a quelli di precedenti episodi di danneggiamento della memoria utilizzati per aumentare i privilegi sul dispositivo.
Il bollettino identifica anche un’altra vulnerabilità, il CVE-2025-48581. È classificata come vulnerabilità di escalation dei privilegi (EoP) di gravità elevata ed è presente anche nel componente di sistema. A differenza dell’RCE, lo sfruttamento richiede un accesso preventivo al sistema, ma consente a un’applicazione di ottenere il controllo non autorizzato di funzioni sensibili del dispositivo.
I dispositivi con Android 10 e versioni successive potranno ricevere aggiornamenti di sicurezza, ma i possessori di modelli precedenti rischiano di rimanere senza protezione se i produttori ritardano il rilascio delle patch. Google consiglia a tutti gli utenti di verificare la presenza di aggiornamenti il prima possibile tramite Impostazioni > Sistema > Aggiornamento di sistema e di impostare il livello di patch di sicurezza al 2025-11-01, che risolve completamente questi problemi.
L’azienda sottolinea che non sono stati ancora registrati exploit attivi, ma la natura della vulnerabilità la rende particolarmente pericolosa per il governo e le personalità pubbliche, che sono spesso bersaglio di attacchi mirati.
La frammentazione di Android rimane un problema chiave nell’ecosistema, rendendo le risposte tempestive dei produttori fondamentali per la protezione degli utenti. Gli esperti raccomandano di abilitare gli aggiornamenti automatici ed evitare di installare app da fonti non attendibili: questo rimane il modo più affidabile per ridurre al minimo i rischi in un contesto di crescente minaccia per dispositivi mobili.
L'articolo Un pericoloso Exploit Zero-day Zero-click minaccia miliardi di device Android proviene da Red Hot Cyber.
Collaboratore allontanato da Agenzia Nova per domanda scomoda: la solidarietà di Stampa Romana a Gabriele Nunziati
Allontanato dalla testata per cui si lavora per aver fatto una domanda scomoda durante una conferenza stampa. È quello che è accaduto a Gabriele Nunziati collaboratore dell’Agenzia Nova da Bruxelles. La colpa del collega è stata chiedere alla portavoce della Commissione dell’UE Paola Pinho se ritenesse che anche Israele a Gaza, come la Russia in Ucraina, dovesse farsi carico della ricostruzione. Pinho ha risposto con un imbarazzato no comment, rimbalzato sui social. Imbarazzo condiviso dall’editore di Nova Fabio Squillante, che ha interrotto il rapporto di collaborazione con Nunziati, cui va tutta la solidarietà di Stampa Romana. È un episodio gravissimo di lesione dell’autonomia professionale, che evidenzia ancora una volta la necessità di maggiori garanzie contrattuali per i collaboratori, i più esposti a pressioni e ingerenze.
La Segreteria dell’ASR
Meta thinks its camera glasses, which are often used for harassment, are no different than any other camera.#News #Meta #AI
What’s the Difference Between AI Glasses and an iPhone? A Helpful Guide for Meta PR
Over the last few months 404 Media has covered some concerning but predictable uses for the Ray-Ban Meta glasses, which are equipped with a built-in camera, and for some models, AI. Aftermarket hobbyists have modified the glasses to add a facial recognition feature that could quietly dox whatever face a user is looking at, and they have been worn by CBP agents during the immigration raids that have come to define a new low for human rights in the United States. Most recently, exploitative Instagram users filmed themselves asking workers at massage parlors for sex and shared those videos online, a practice that experts told us put those workers’ lives at risk.404 Media reached out to Meta for comment for each of these stories, and in each case Meta’s rebuttal was a mind-bending argument: What is the difference between Meta’s Ray-Ban glasses and an iPhone, really, when you think about it?
“Curious, would this have been a story had they used the new iPhone?” a Meta spokesperson asked me in an email when I reached out for comment about the massage parlor story.
Meta’s argument is that our recent stories about its glasses are not newsworthy because we wouldn’t bother writing them if the videos in question were filmed with an iPhone as opposed to a pair of smart glasses. Let’s ignore the fact that I would definitely still write my story about the massage parlor videos if they were filmed with an iPhone and “steelman” Meta’s provocative argument that glasses and a phone are essentially not meaningfully different objects.
Meta’s Ray-Ban glasses and an iPhone are both equipped with a small camera that can record someone secretly. If anything, the iPhone can record more discreetly because unlike Meta’s Ray-Ban glasses it’s not equipped with an LED that lights up to indicate that it’s recording. This, Meta would argue, means that the glasses are by design more respectful of people’s privacy than an iPhone.
Both are small electronic devices. Both can include various implementations of AI tools. Both are often black, and are made by one of the FAANG companies. Both items can be bought at a Best Buy. You get the point: There are too many similarities between the iPhone and Meta’s glasses to name them all here, just as one could strain to name infinite similarities between a table and an elephant if we chose to ignore the context that actually matters to a human being.
Whenever we published one of these stories the response from commenters and on social media has been primarily anger and disgust with Meta’s glasses enabling the behavior we reported on and a rejection of the device as a concept entirely. This is not surprising to anyone who has covered technology long enough to remember the launch and quick collapse of Google Glass, so-called “glassholes,” and the device being banned from bars.
There are two things Meta’s glasses have in common with Google Glass which also make it meaningfully different from an iPhone. The first is that the iPhone might not have a recording light, but in order to record something or take a picture, a user has to take it out of their pocket and hold it out, an awkward gesture all of us have come to recognize in the almost two decades since the launch of the first iPhone. It is an unmistakable signal that someone is recording. That is not the case with Meta’s glasses, which are meant to be worn as a normal pair of glasses, and are always pointing at something or someone if you see someone wearing them in public.
In fact, the entire motivation for building these glasses is that they are discreet and seamlessly integrate into your life. The point of putting a camera in the glasses is that it eliminates the need to take an iPhone out of your pocket. People working in the augmented reality and virtual reality space have talked about this for decades. In Meta’s own promotional video for the Meta Ray-Ban Display glasses, titled “10 years in the making,” the company shows Mark Zuckerberg on stage in 2016 saying that “over the next 10 years, the form factor is just going to keep getting smaller and smaller until, and eventually we’re going to have what looks like normal looking glasses.” And in 2020, “you see something awesome and you want to be able to share it without taking out your phone.” Meta's Ray-Ban glasses have not achieved their final form, but one thing that makes them different from Google Glass is that they are designed to look exactly like an iconic pair of glasses that people immediately recognize. People will probably notice the camera in the glasses, but they have been specifically designed to look like "normal” glasses.
Again, Meta would argue that the LED light solves this problem, but that leads me to the next important difference: Unlike the iPhone and other smartphones, one of the most widely adopted electronics in human history, only a tiny portion of the population has any idea what the fuck these glasses are. I have watched dozens of videos in which someone wearing Meta glasses is recording themselves harassing random people to boost engagement on Instagram or TikTok. Rarely do the people in the videos say anything about being recorded, and it’s very clear the women working at these massage parlors have no idea they’re being recorded. The Meta glasses have an LED light, sure, but these glasses are new, rare, and it’s not safe to assume everyone knows what that light means.
As Joseph and Jason recently reported, there are also cheap ways to modify Meta glasses to prevent the recording light from turning on. Search results, Reddit discussions, and a number of products for sale on Amazon all show that many Meta glasses customers are searching for a way to circumvent the recording light, meaning that many people are buying them to do exactly what Meta claims is not a real issue.
It is possible that in the future Meta glasses and similar devices will become so common that most people will understand that if they see them, they would assume they are being recorded, though that is not a future I hope for. Until then, if it is all helpful to the public relations team at Meta, these are what the glasses look like:
And this is what an iPhone looks like:Photo by Bagus Hernawan / Unsplash
Feel free to refer to this handy guide when needed.- YouTube
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Giuseppe Bascietto sotto tutela per inchieste su mafia, la solidarietà di Stampa Romana
| L’Associazione Stampa Romana è al fianco di Giuseppe Bascietto, collega da sempre impegnato nell’attività di inchiesta sulla mafia che opera a Vittoria. Per lui da ieri sono state disposte dalle autorità di Ragusa misure di protezione personale. Bascietto si era recentemente occupato dei rapporti tra la criminalità organizzata siciliana e quella albanese e aveva ricevuto gravi minacce. Stampa Romana auspica che si concluda al più presto la procedura per garantire a Bascietto la tutela delle forze dell’ordine anche a Roma, città dove vive e lavora. La Segreteria dell’ASR |
European Parliament backs Europol expansion: “A dangerous step towards mass surveillance in the EU”
Today, the European Parliament’s Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs (LIBE) voted in favour of a new Europol Regulation, part of the EU’s so-called Facilitators Package, despite widespread warnings from civil society and the European Data Protection Supervisor. The vote was voted for by 59 MEPs, whilst 10 voted against and 4 abstained.
The post European Parliament backs Europol expansion: “A dangerous step towards mass surveillance in the EU” appeared first on European Digital Rights (EDRi).
Otttoz
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