If you’ve ever been configuring a router or other network device and noticed that you can set up IPv4 and IPv6, you might have wondered what happened to IPv5. Well, thanks to [Navek], you don’t have to wonder anymore. Just watch the video below.

We will warn you of two things. First, the video takes a long time to get around to what IPv5 was. In addition, if you keep reading, there will be spoilers.

The first part of the video covers the general differences between IPv4 and IPv6, especially surrounding addressing. Then, it talks about how IP alone can’t do things you like to do for handling things like voice. For example, the IP layer doesn’t understand how much bandwidth exists between two points. It is only concerned with moving data from one point to another point.

To foster voice communications, there was a proposal for something called the stream protocol. It didn’t catch on. In fact, it was reincarnated as a proposal to move video, too, but it still didn’t catch on. However, the network header used the next number in sequence, which was… five!

So, really, the video title is a bit of a red herring. You didn’t forget IPv5; there simply was never an IPv5. There is, however, network protocol #5, which has little to do with IP and never caught on.

Still, an interesting walk down memory lane to a time when moving voice and video over the network was exotic high-tech. We love diving into the old network stuff like finger and UUCP.

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You’ve doubtless seen those ubiquitous clock modules, especially when setting clocks for daylight savings time. You know the ones: a single AA battery, a wheel to set the time, and two or three hands to show the time. They are cheap and work well enough. But [Playful Technology] wanted to control the hands with an Arduino directly and, in the process, he shows us how these modules work.

If you’ve never studied the inside of these clock modules, you may be surprised about how they actually work. A crystal oscillator pulses a relatively large electromagnet. A small plastic gear has a magnetic ring and sits near the electromagnet.

Each time the polarity of the electromagnet flips, the ring turns 180 degrees to face the opposite magnetic pole to the electromagnet. This turns the attached gear which is meshed with other gears to divide the rotation rate down to once per 24 hours, once per hour, and once per minute. Pretty clever.

That makes it easy to control the hands. You simply detach the electromagnet from the rest of the circuit and control it yourself. The module he used had a mechanical limitation that prevents the hands from moving well at more than about 100 times normal speed.

We wondered how he made the hands reverse and, apparently, there is a way to get the drive gear to move in reverse, but it isn’t always reliable. Of course, you could also replace the drive mechanism with something like an RC servo or other motor and it sounds like he has done this and plans to show it off in another video.

We’ve seen the opposite trick before, too. If you really want an easy-to-control analog clock, try this one

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It’s been a busy week in space news, and very little of it was good. We’ll start with the one winner of the week, Firefly’s Blue Ghost Mission 1, which landed successfully on the Moon’s surface on March 2. The lander is part of NASA’s Commercial Lunar Payload Services program and carries ten scientific payloads, including a GPS/GNSS receiver that successfully tracked signals from Earth-orbiting satellites. All of the scientific payloads have completed their missions, which is good because the lander isn’t designed to withstand the long, cold lunar night only a few days away. The landing makes Firefly the first commercial outfit to successfully soft-land something on the Moon, and being the first at anything is always a big deal.

Slightly less impressive was Intuitive Machines’ attempt at a landing a day later. Their NOVA-C robotic lander Athena managed a somewhat controlled landing, but the spacecraft is lying on its side rather than upright, a surprisingly common failure mode for recent lunar landings. Also in the failure category is the loss of the world’s first private asteroid mining mission, as well as SpaceX Starship test flight 8, which ended in spectacular fashion this week as Starship exploded soon after booster separation. As usual, Scott Manley has the best analysis of the incident, which seemed to involve a fire in the engine bay that led to a rapid loss of thrust from four of its six engines, and sent the spacecraft tumbling before tearing itself apart. The only good news from the flight was the third successful catch of the returning booster by the chopsticks, which just never gets old.

What does get old is stories about printer manufacturers and their anti-consumer hijinks, especially when it involves one of the only manufacturers who wasn’t playing the “buy our consumables or we brick it” game. In addition to just about every other printer maker, Brother now stands accused of sending firmware up to printers that turns off functionality if non-OEM cartridges are used. The accusations come from Louis Rossman, well-known for his right-to-repair advocacy and, ironically, long-time proponent of Brother printers as least likely to be bricked. His accusation that “Brother is now among the rest of them” is based on a pretty small sample of affected users, and a self-selected one at that, so take that with the requisite amount of salt. For their part, Brother denies the claim, stating simply that “Brother firmware updates do not block the use of third-party ink in our machines.” They don’t go much beyond that by way of an explanation of what’s happening to the users reporting problems other than to say that the users may be confused by the fact that “we like to troubleshoot with Brother Genuine supplies.” What the real story is is anyone’s guess at this point, and the best advice we can offer is either to avoid printers altogether, or just buy the cheapest one you can get and harvest it for parts once the starter cartridges are empty.

If like us you’ve accumulated a large collection of physical media films and TV shows to while away the long dark days of a post-apocalyptic nightmare where Netflix and Hulu are but a distant memory, you might want to rethink your strategy. Some DVD aficionados have found a troubling trend with “DVD rot,” especially with discs manufactured by Warner Brothers Discovery between 2006 and 2008. It’s not clear what’s going on, but it looks like the polycarbonate cover is delaminating from the inner Mylar layer, resulting in cloudy areas that obscure the data. Warner is aware of the problem and will replace defective discs with the same title if possible, or exchange it for a title of like value if the original is no longer available. We’re dismayed that this defect probably includes our beloved Looney Tunes collection, but on the upside, now we have an excuse to sit through forty straight hours of cartoons.

And finally, if you were a NASA rocket engineer in the 1960s, skipping leg day wasn’t an option. That’s because the Saturn V full-stack shake test on the Apollo program was a very hands-on feet-on process. The shake test was performed to make sure nothing was loose on the stack, and that it would be able to withstand not only the shaking induced by those five massive F-1 engines, but also the occasional hurricane that Florida is famous for. To get the rocket shaking, engineers sat on the deck of the gantry with their legs bridging the gap and their feet up against the side of the service module and gave it all they had. Other engineers literally backed them up, to provide something to push against, while another team on the uppermost platform used a rope to play tug-of-war with the command module. They were able to get the stack moving pretty good, with a meter or so of deflection at the escape tower. It does raise the question, though: what would they have done if the test failed?

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Small cylindrical parts are often formed through deep drawing — a process by which a punch forms the finished piece from a flat sheet of metal using a forming die. If it sounds like that stresses the metal, it does. But researchers at Fraunhofer have found a way to reduce friction protecting both the material and the tools that do the forming. The process — known as VibroDraw — uses ultrasonic vibrations at around 500 Hz.

Researchers claim a 20% reduction in friction now, and it may be possible to go even further. With less friction, it is possible to do a deeper draw in a single stage. It also creates less heat which is good for tool life and prevents overheating lubricant. The process has a patent if you want more details. You might need to brush up on your German, though. Unsurprisingly, the vibrations are from a piezoelectric transducer.

Copper is soft enough to use 3D printed dies. We don’t know if this technique would help with that or not. Then there’s hydroforming. If you have any results using ultrasonics with these or any other techniques, be sure to let us know.

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What would you do with dozens and dozens of outdated Chromebooks that are no longer getting updates from the Google Mothership? It’s a situation that plenty of schools will have to deal with in the near future, and we can only help that those institutions have students as clever as [Varun Biniwale] and his friend [Aksel Salmi] to lean on — as they managed to recycle ten of these outdated laptops into an impressive video display.

There’s actually two write-ups for this particular story, with [Varun] documenting the modification of the Chromebooks and the software developed to play the video between them, and [Aksel] covering how the hardware was ultimately attached to the wall via bespoke 3D printed mounting brackets.

The general idea with this project was to strip each Chromebook down to just a motherboard and an LCD, stick them on the wall, and then play the same video on all of them at once. This sounds relatively easy, but they quickly found out that the limited hackability of ChromeOS to be a limiting factor.

So the decision was made to remove the physical write protection screws from each computer, which would allow for the installation of a standard Linux distribution. Once running stock Debian, it took some custom scripts to get each machine to boot up into Chromium and point at the appropriate web page. From there, socket.io is used to synchronize the playback of the carefully prepared video file.

On the other side of the project, [Aksel] shows the logistics of taking the machines apart and getting them ready for their new jig. Initial experiments focused on mounting the hardware to a laser-cut piece of acrylic, which looked good, but simply wasn’t robust enough. In the end, the solution was a highly customized 3D printed mount which holds the motherboard securely while also providing a place to attach each LCD.

End-of-life Chromebooks can be had for pennies on the dollar, and they’ll only become more common with time, so we’re eager to see what folks end up doing with them. Between the hardware and software aspects of this particular hack, we’re sure there’s a trick or two you’ll pick up from this one.

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Getting a robot to stand on two wheels without tipping over involves a challenging dance with the laws of physics. Self-balancing robots are a great way to get into control systems, sensor fusion, and embedded programming. This build by [mircemk] shows how to make one with just a few common components, an Arduino, and a bit of patience fine-tuning the PID controller.

At the heart of the bot is the MPU6050 – a combo accelerometer/gyroscope sensor that keeps track of tilt and movement. An Arduino Uno takes this data, runs it through a PID loop, and commands an L298N motor driver to adjust the speed and direction of two DC motors. The power comes from two Li-ion batteries feeding everything with enough juice to keep it upright. The rest of the magic lies in the tuning.

PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) control is what makes the robot stay balanced. Kp (proportional gain) determines how aggressively the motors respond to tilting. Kd (derivative gain) dampens oscillations, and Ki (integral gain) helps correct slow drifts. Set them wrong, and your bot either wobbles like a confused penguin or falls flat on its face. A good trick is to start with only Kp, then slowly add Kd and Ki until it stabilizes. Then don’t forget to calibrate your MPU6050; each sensor has unique offsets that need to be compensated in the code.

Once dialed in, the result is a robot that looks like it defies gravity. Whether you’re hacking it for fun, turning it into a segway-like ride, or using it as a learning tool, a balancing bot is a great way to sharpen your control system skills. For more inspiration, check out this earlier attempt from 2022, or these self-balancing robots (one with a little work) from a year before that. You can read up on [mircemk]’s project details here.

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Il gruppo ransomware Funksec rivendica un attacco alla Sorbonne Université di Parigi, riportando di aver sottratto 20 GB di dati sensibili. Secondo le informazioni pubblicate sul loro Data Leak Site (DLS), i cybercriminali dichiarano di essere in possesso di documenti riservati, credenziali e piani strategici dell’ateneo.

Al momento, non è possibile confermare la veridicità di queste affermazioni, poiché l’organizzazione non ha ancora pubblicato alcun comunicato ufficiale in merito all’incidente. Tuttavia, Funksec avrebbe fissato un ultimatum di 12 giorni, minacciando di rendere pubblici i dati il 19 marzo 2025, qualora non venisse soddisfatta una richiesta – presumibilmente un riscatto in criptovaluta.

Analisi del post pubblicato nel Data Leak Site di Funksec

Il post pubblicato sul DLS di Funksec mostra chiaramente il logo della Sorbonne Université, accompagnato da un messaggio di rivendicazione.

Dall’analisi della schermata emergono alcuni dettagli rilevanti:

• Il conto alla rovescia: posizionato in alto a destra, indica il tempo rimanente prima della presunta pubblicazione dei dati. Questo è un classico strumento di pressione utilizzato dai gruppi ransomware per spingere la vittima a negoziare prima della scadenza.
• La descrizione dell’attacco: Funksec affermerebbe di possedere informazioni confidenziali, comprese credenziali e documenti strategici. Tuttavia, non vi sono prove concrete a supporto di questa dichiarazione.
• La tecnica di intimidazione: il testo presente nel DLS suggerirebbe alle vittime di cercare il proprio nome nei dati compromessi, una tattica psicologica utilizzata per amplificare l’ansia e aumentare la pressione su studenti, docenti e personale.
• L’identità del gruppo: il marchio “© 2025 Funksec ransomware” mostra l’intento del gruppo di consolidare la propria reputazione nel panorama del cybercrime. La loro strategia sembrerebbe mirata a costruire un’identità riconoscibile, simile a quella di gruppi più noti come LockBit o BlackCat.

Chi è Funksec? Un gruppo ransomware emergente

Funksec è un gruppo ransomware emerso pubblicamente alla fine del 2024, guadagnando rapidamente notorietà grazie ad attacchi mirati contro istituzioni governative e accademiche. I suoi membri si dichiarano autodidatti e sembrerebbero collaborare con altri gruppi di cybercriminali per affinare tecniche e strumenti offensivi. Molti attori dietro FunkSec sembrano inesperti, e parte delle informazioni pubblicate potrebbero essere riciclate da precedenti fughe di dati legate ad attività hacktiviste, sollevando dubbi sulla loro autenticità.

Un aspetto chiave dell’attività di FunkSec è la sua forte presenza su Breached Forum, una delle principali piattaforme di discussione del cybercrimine. Il gruppo ha sfruttato il forum per promuovere le proprie operazioni, condividere fughe di dati e guadagnare notorietà.

Uno dei membri più attivi su Breached Forum è Scorpion, noto anche come DesertStorm, che ha promosso FunkSec tramite un video su YouTube nell’ottobre 2024, sebbene il contenuto fosse più propagandistico che una reale dimostrazione delle capacità del gruppo. DesertStorm ha continuato a pubblicare presunte fughe di dati su Breached Forum fino a quando il suo account non è stato bannato nel novembre 2024. Dopo la sua esclusione, un altro attore, El Farado, ha assunto un ruolo chiave nella promozione del gruppo, condividendo fughe di dati e mantenendo alta la visibilità di FunkSec sul forum.

Le discussioni su Breached Forum indicano che FunkSec utilizza una combinazione di tattiche di hacktivismo e cybercrimine. Alcuni membri del gruppo sembrano avere trascorsi in ambienti hacktivisti, mentre altri sono più orientati al guadagno economico. Il loro ransomware, scritto in Rust e con sviluppo in continua evoluzione, è stato promosso direttamente su Breached Forum con aggiornamenti frequenti sulle nuove funzionalità. Inoltre, FunkSec ha pubblicato richieste di collaborazione e servizi aggiuntivi, tra cui un presunto sistema di “data sorting” gestito da un membro noto come XTN.

Alcune fughe di FunkSec sono state pubblicate su DarkForums da un utente con il nome Bjorka, un noto hacktivista indonesiano. Tuttavia, non ci sono prove definitive che il vero Bjorka sia coinvolto con FunkSec, e potrebbe trattarsi di un tentativo di sfruttare la sua notorietà.

L’analisi del loro ransomware suggerisce che il codice sia stato sviluppato con l’assistenza dell’intelligenza artificiale, consentendo al gruppo di iterare rapidamente le versioni nonostante la scarsa esperienza tecnica dei suoi membri. Questo solleva interrogativi sulla reale minaccia rappresentata da FunkSec e sulla difficoltà di distinguere tra hacktivismo e cybercrimine nell’ecosistema ransomware attuale.

Il gruppo opererebbe secondo il modello della doppia estorsione: non solo cifrerebbe i dati delle vittime, ma ne esfiltrerebbe una copia per minacciarne la pubblicazione in caso di mancato pagamento del riscatto. Questo approccio rende la strategia difensiva più complessa, poiché il semplice ripristino dei sistemi dai backup non sarebbe sufficiente per mitigare il danno reputazionale e legale derivante dalla diffusione delle informazioni rubate.

FunkSec sostiene di integrare l’intelligenza artificiale nel 30% dei propri processi operativi, sebbene non vi siano prove indipendenti a supporto di questa affermazione. Secondo quanto dichiarato, l’IA verrebbe utilizzata per:

• Automatizzare attacchi di phishing altamente mirati
• Creare strumenti personalizzati per lo sfruttamento delle vulnerabilità
• Analizzare e prioritizzare le potenziali vittime con maggiore efficienza

L’IA nel cybercrime: una nuova frontiera per il ransomware?

L’utilizzo dell’intelligenza artificiale nel cybercrime non è una novità assoluta, ma la crescente sofisticazione di questi strumenti sta alimentando una nuova ondata di minacce. Se le affermazioni di Funksec fossero confermate, saremmo di fronte a un gruppo che sfrutta strumenti avanzati per automatizzare operazioni complesse, riducendo la necessità di competenze manuali e aumentando l’efficacia degli attacchi.

Le applicazioni dell’IA nel cybercrime potrebbero includere:

• La generazione di campagne di phishing più realistiche
• L’identificazione di vulnerabilità con tecniche predittive
• Lo sviluppo di malware capaci di eludere i sistemi di sicurezza tradizionali

Nonostante ciò, la maggior parte dei ransomware oggi in circolazione continua a basarsi su tecniche consolidate, come lo sfruttamento di credenziali compromesse o l’abuso di vulnerabilità non patchate. L’intelligenza artificiale potrebbe accelerare questi processi, ma al momento non ha ancora rivoluzionato il panorama delle minacce.

Conclusioni

Al momento, la presunta violazione rivendicata dal gruppo Funksec Ransomware rimane non confermata da fonti istituzionali. Tuttavia, la potenziale gravità della questione — vista la natura strategica dei dati che sarebbero stati sottratti — richiede un’attenta valutazione dei rischi e delle contromisure da parte delle autorità competenti.

RHC continuerà a monitorare la situazione e pubblicherà eventuali ulteriori aggiornamenti qualora emergessero informazioni significative. Invitiamo chiunque sia a conoscenza di dettagli rilevanti a contattarci attraverso la mail crittografata del whistleblower, garantendo la possibilità di rimanere anonimi.

L'articolo Sorbonne Université nel mirino di Funksec: il gruppo ransomware rivendica un attacco proviene da il blog della sicurezza informatica.

SD cards & the much smaller microSD cards are found on many devices, with the card often accessible from outside the enclosure. Unfortunately there’s a solid chance that especially small microSD cards will find their way past the microSD card reader slot and into the enclosure. This is what happened to [Rob] of the SevenFortyOne Radios and Repairs channel on YouTube with a NanoVNA unit. While shaking the unit, you can clearly hear the microSD card rattling inside, courtesy of the rather large gap above the card slot.

After a quick teardown and extracting the lost microSD card, the solution to prevent this is a simple bit of foam stuck on top of the microSD card slot, so that the too large opening in the enclosure is now fully blocked. It’s clearly a bit of a design fail in this particular NanoVNA unit, worsened by the tiny size of the card and having to use a fingernail to push the card into the slot as it’s so far inside the enclosure.

While [Rob] seems to blame himself for this event, we’d chalk it mostly up to poor design. It’s an issue that’s seen with certain SBC enclosures and various gadgets too, where losing a microSD card is pretty much a matter of time, and hugely fiddly at the best of times. That said, what is your preferred way of handling microSD card insertion & removal in devices like these?

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Imagine cooling your building with the same principle that kept Victorian-era icehouses stocked with lake-frozen blocks, but in modern form. That’s the idea behind ice batteries, a clever energy storage hack that’s been quietly slashing cooling costs across commercial buildings. The invention works by freezing water when energy is cheap, and using that stored cold later, they turn major power hogs (air conditioning, we’re looking at you) into more efficient, cost-effective systems.

Pioneers like Nostromo Energy and Ice Energy are refining the tech. Nostromo’s IceBrick modules pack 25 kWh of cooling capacity each, install on rooftops, and cost around $250 per kWh—about half the price of lithium-ion storage. Ice Energy’s Ice Bear 40 integrates with HVAC systems, shifting up to 95% of peak cooling demand to off-peak hours. And for homes, the Ice Bear 20 replaces traditional AC units while doubling as a thermal battery.

Unlike lithium-ion, ice batteries don’t degrade chemically – their water is endlessly reusable. Combining the technology with this hack, it’s even possible in environments where water is scarce. But the trade-off? They only store cooling energy. No frozen kilowatts for your lightbulbs, just an efficient way to handle the biggest energy drain in most buildings.

Could ice batteries help decentralize energy storage? They’re already proving their worth in high-demand areas like California and Texas. Read the full report here and let us know your thoughts in the comments.

Original photo by Kelly Sikkema on Unsplash

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L’operazione internazionale Operazione Cumberland, condotta dalle forze dell’ordine di 19 paesi, ha portato all’arresto di 25 sospettati che, come parte di un gruppo, distribuivano materiale pedopornografico creato utilizzando l’intelligenza artificiale. Nel corso delle indagini sono stati sequestrati 173 dispositivi elettronici e identificati 273 presunti membri della rete. La maggior parte degli arresti è avvenuta dopo 33 perquisizioni in tutto il mondo.

Il principale sospettato, un cittadino danese, è stato arrestato nel novembre 2024. L’uomo ha utilizzato una piattaforma online per creare e distribuire contenuti di intelligenza artificiale. L’accesso ai materiali è stato concesso agli utenti in cambio di una cifra simbolica.

L’Europol ha osservato che tali immagini sono così facili da creare che anche persone prive di formazione tecnica possono produrle a fini criminali. Ciò contribuisce alla crescita del CSAM, complicando il lavoro degli investigatori e rendendo difficile l’identificazione dei criminali e delle vittime.

Europol ha affermato che nei prossimi giorni lancerà una campagna online per contrastare l’uso dell’intelligenza artificiale per scopi illegali. L’operazione avrà come target gli utenti attivi online, compresi gli acquirenti di contenuti illegali, e comprenderà messaggi di avviso sui social media, conversazioni preventive e notifiche ufficiali.

Di recente Europol ha rilasciato uno nuovo Un bollettino di intelligence che rivela come sette online “estremamente violente” stiano proliferando rapidamente su Internet. Questi gruppi manipolano abilmente bambini e adolescenti, costringendoli a farsi del male e a commettere azioni illegali. E a gennaio, un’indagine ha rivelato che uomini adulti, spesso con precedenti penali, offrivano servizi fotografici per creare “carriere da star” per le ragazze. Al contrario, contribuivano alla creazione di materiali CSAM.

L'articolo Orrore Digitale: Operazione Cumberland Svela Rete di CSAM Creata con AI! proviene da il blog della sicurezza informatica.

Gli utenti di alcuni browser meno diffusi lamentano problemi di accesso a vari siti dovuti al funzionamento dei sistemi Cloudflare. I giornalisti del The Register riferiscono che la loro attenzione su questo problema è stata attirata dagli utenti, dagli specialisti della sicurezza informatica e dagli sviluppatori del browser open source Pale Moon.

Sembra che gli utenti si lamentino regolarmente della mancata disponibilità del sito web relativo al forum di Cloudflare, ma l’azienda non sembra prestarvi attenzione. Ad esempio, i ricercatori hanno trovato segnalazioni di problemi relativi a Cloudflare e al blocco di siti web risalenti al 2015 , al 2022 , a marzo e luglio 2024 e a gennaio 2025.

I problemi sorgono perché Cloudflare mira a combattere le botnet e gli attacchi DDoS rilevando e bloccando qualsiasi attività sospetta. Ad esempio, dispositivi infetti che fanno parte di botnet ed eseguono determinati script. Un modo per rilevarli è controllare l’agente del browser e, se non proviene da un browser noto, bloccarlo.

Purtroppo l’elenco dei browser accettabili è limitato e include solo le ultime versioni di browser noti come Chrome (e i suoi numerosi derivati) e Firefox. Di norma, gli utenti delle ultime versioni dei browser Pale Moon, Falkon e SeaMonkey riscontrano problemi di blocco.

Le ultime note di rilascio di Pale Moon indicano che gli sviluppatori stanno cercando di risolvere questo problema, che spesso provoca il blocco del browser, la mancata risposta alle richieste o l’arresto anomalo del sistema. Anche alcuni utenti di Firefox 115 ESR (l’ultima versione per macOS 10.13 e Windows 7) riscontrano problemi di blocco. Tra i siti frequentemente interessati dal problema ci sono science.org, steamdb.info, convertapi.com e persino community.cloudflare.com.

Allo stesso tempo, secondo alcuni partecipanti alla discussione del problema su Hacker News, Cloudflare potrebbe considerare un’attività sospetta non solo l’utilizzo di browser o sistemi operativi di nicchia, ma anche una richiesta di un URL senza specificare un ID di riferimento. Mentre un utente prudente può bloccare il tracciamento, per il provider CDN tale attività è un segnale che le azioni non sono eseguite da un essere umano.

I giornalisti sottolineano che il supporto tecnico di Cloudflare è principalmente incentrato sui clienti aziendali e che gli utenti comuni possono solo lamentarsi di ciò che accade sui forum della community. Tuttavia, a giudicare dal numero di messaggi riguardanti il ​​blocco, l’azienda non monitora i forum per segnalazioni di problemi.

L'articolo Game Over: Cloudflare e il caos sui browser meno diffusi! proviene da il blog della sicurezza informatica.

The late 1950s were such an optimistic time in America. World War II had been over for less than a decade, the economy boomed thanks to pent-up demand after years of privation, and everyone was having babies — so many babies. The sky was the limit, especially with new technologies that promised a future filled with miracles, including abundant nuclear power that would be “too cheap to meter.”

It didn’t quite turn out that way, of course, but the whole “Atoms for Peace” thing did provide the foundation for a lot of innovations that we still benefit from to this day. This 1958 film on “The Armour Research Reactor” details the construction and operation of the world’s first privately owned research reactor. Built at the Illinois Institute of Technology by Atomics International, the reactor was a 50,000-watt aqueous-homogenous design using a solution of uranyl sulfate in distilled water as its fuel. The core is tiny, about a foot in diameter, and assembled by hand right in front of the camera. The stainless steel sphere is filled with 90 feet (27 meters) of stainless tubing to circulate cooling water through the core. Machined graphite reflector blocks surrounded the core and its fuel overflow tank (!) before the reactor was installed in “biological shielding” made from super-dense iron ore concrete with walls 5 feet (1.5 m) thick — just a few of the many advanced safety precautions taken “to ensure completely safe operation in densely populated areas.”

While the reactor design is interesting enough, the control panels and instrumentation are what really caught our eye. The Fallout vibe is strong, including the fact that the controls are all right in the room with the reactor. This allows technicians equipped with their Cutie Pie meters to insert samples into irradiation tubes, some of which penetrate directly into the heart of the core, where neutron flux is highest. Experiments included the creation of radioactive organic compounds for polymer research, radiation hardening of those new-fangled transistors, and manufacturing radionuclides for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.

This mid-century technological gem might look a little sketchy to modern eyes, but the Armour Research Reactor had a long career. It was in operation until 1967 and decommissioned in 1972, and similar reactors were installed in universities and private facilities all over the world. Most of them are gone now, though, with only five aqueous-homogenous reactors left operating today.

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