Giorgia Meloni dopo il G7: «Cosa mi ha detto Macron? Vi giuro che non me lo ricordo»
che presidente del consiglio che abbiamo... a parte che potrebbe sembrare offensivo verso un capo di stato straniero, ma neppure si ricorda con chi parla... una curetta di fosforo prima di andare ai summit internazionali?
non è possibile che parli con la gente e non te ne ricordi...
" Donald Trump. Che ha intimato a Teheran di accettare «una resa incondizionata»"
boh... secondo me trump ha visto troppi film di guerra. e comunque a lui l'esercito serve per schiavizzare gli americani, mica può fare guerre. tipo putin (e infatti si vede come va).
@Informatica (Italy e non Italy 😁) È un meccanismo di accesso che unisce i concetti di ruolo e quelli di permesso. Il Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) è indicato in quelle organizzazioni che devono gestire una quantità di permessi differenti tra loro, distribuiti tra centinaia o migliaia di utenti L'articolo Scopriamo il Role-Based Access Control e
La Cina ha compiuto un altro passo nel suo programma spaziale. Alle 12:30 del 17 giugno, ora di Pechino, dal centro di Jiuquan è stato eseguito con successo un test di “pad abort” del nuovo veicolo spaziale con equipaggio Mengzhou. Il test ha
@Informatica (Italy e non Italy 😁) L’invasione dell’Ucraina e il suo ecosistema tecnologico hanno creato le condizioni per lo sviluppo di sistemi militari di intelligenza artificiale che stanno cambiando il volto della guerra presente e futura. L'articolo Cosa è il tecnopanico e perché non serve a criticare la tecnologia (e Big Tech) proviene da
@Informatica (Italy e non Italy 😁) La logorante guerra che intercorre tra Israele e Iran è stata caratterizzata, come prevedibile, anche da azioni compiute sul livello cyber. Proviamo ad approfondirne alcune per comprenderle al meglio. Colpire […] L'articolo Il dominio cyber nella guerra tra Israele e Iran proviene da Edoardo Limone.
Una vita difficile freezonemagazine.com/rubriche/… Nell’introduzione alla precedente puntata di Celluloide, dedicato a Le ragazze di Piazza di Spagna, abbiamo accennato ai tre filoni principali che caratterizzano (ovviamente tenendo presente tutte le sfumature e le varianti indipendenti) il panorama del grande cinema italiano del secondo dopoguerra: il neorealismo di impegno e denuncia sociale, il neorealismo rosa antropologico, che con locuzione Nell’introduzione
Ieri è scaduto il mio contratto di lavoro. Settimana scorsa mi è stato detto che me l'avrebbero prolungato fino a marzo 2026, con una percentuale lavorativa del 80%. Per me va bene. Nonostante diverse sollecitazioni da parte mia (e a diversi livelli) non ho ancora ricevuto il nuovo contratto. E, d'accordo col mio superiore, oggi non mi sono presentata al lavoro. Domani è festivo in Ticino. Venerdì cosa farò?
Per il resto è ancora tutto difficile.. problemi di salute (non miei), problemi familiari, problemi con l'appartamento, ... 😱
Stavamo pianificando le vacanze di agosto, ma aspetto il contratto.
Theoretically when you write a GUI-based application for Linux there are standards to follow, with these all neatly documented over at the Freedesktop website. However, in reality, Freedesktop is more of a loose collection of specifications, some of which are third-party specifications that have somehow become the de facto standard. One example of this is the StatusNotifierItem spec that provides a way for applications to create and manage a ‘system tray’ icon.
This feature incredibly useful for providing a consistent way to users to quickly access functionality and to see application status. Unfortunately, as [Brodie Robertson] notes in a recent video, not everyone agrees with this notion. Despite that Windows since 95 as well as MacOS/OS X and others provide similar functionality, Gnome and other Linux desktop environments oppose such system tray icons (despite a popular extension), with an inevitable discussion on Reddit as a result.
Although the StatusNotifierItem specification is listed on the Freedesktop website, it’s under ‘Draft specifications’ along with another, apparently internal-but-unfinished System tray proposal. Meanwhile DEs like KDE have integrated first-party support (KStatusNotifierItem) for the specification. There’s currently an active Freedesktop Gitlab discussion on the topic, whether StatusNotifierItem should even be in the list, or become an approved specification.
With the specification mired in bureaucracy and multiple camps pushing their own idea of what ‘the Linux desktop’ should look like, it feels like a real shame that the Linux Standard Base effort died a decade ago. Users and developers just want their desktop environment to come with zero surprises, after all.
This machine is for winding brushless motors because manual winding is highly labor intensive. The machine in turn is made from four brushless motors. He is using the SimpleFOC library to implement closed-loop angle control. Closed-loop torque control is also used to maintain correct wire tension.
The system is controlled by an STM32G431 microcontroller. The motor driver used is the DRV8313. There are three GBM5208 75T Gimbal motors for close-loop angle control, and one BE4108 60T Gimbal motor for torque control. The torque control motor was built with this machine! [Yuchi] says that the Gimbal motors used are designed to be smooth, precise, and powerful at low speeds.
The components of the machine communicate with each other over a CAN bus. This simplifies wiring as components (such as motor controller boards) only require four connections.
Developers of the WordPress ActivityPub talks about how they plan to make WordPress websites a full member of the fediverse, videos of FediForum available, and bridging to Bluesky op a per-server basis.
Developers of the WordPress ActivityPub talks about how they plan to make WordPress websites a full member of the fediverse, videos of FediForum available, and bridging to Bluesky op a per-server basis.
I also run a weekly newsletter, where you get all the articles I published this week directly in your inbox, as well as additional analysis. You can sign up right here, and get the next edition this Friday!
The News
Fediforum has published the videos of the keynotes and the software demos. For a list of all the demos, you can check out the website. Some thoughts on some of the demoes that stood out to me. For some of the other cool demos (such as Bounce and Bandwagon), check out last week’s news.
The keynote by Christine Lemmer-Webber talks about how the social media style of the 2010s is no longer good enough. With this, she refers to both the fediverse as well as Bluesky. Lemmer-Webber makes the case we live in an age of surveillance, and both Bluesky and the fediverse do not meet the need for safety and privacy that comes with that. She says that shame is not an effective way to get people to use better platforms, and that we need to bring joy to the new platforms. Lemmer-Webber is now working on different protocols with the Spritely Institute, that use Object Capabilities. I’ll go into more detail on that once Spritely gets closer to public usage, but to hugely oversimplify: with Object Capabilities, you can enforce who has access to your data that you send out. Seeing one of the co-authors of ActivityPub actively advocating for further development of new open protocols indicates to what extend the space of the open social web is still in active development.
BadgeFed is a platform for issues badges using the Open Badges standard and ActivityPub protocol, where the badges can later be verified cryptographically. There are some interesting parallels with how people are developing badges on ATProto, and it seems to me that both networks are now in the stage that there are solid proofs that you can build systems for credentials on decentralised protocols. The next stage is seeing how people will start using these new systems.
For developers: ActivityFuzz is an upcoming project from Darius Kazemi, and builds upon the Fediverse Schema Observatory. These tools give a much greater insight into how all the different fediverse projects have implemented ActivityPub in practice, and shows all the differences. This makes building fediverse platforms that are compatible with other platforms more accessible.
Gobo is a client that allows people to post to multiple different platforms, including Mastodon and Bluesky. One of the challenges with cross-posting tools is that these platforms have different character limits, which Gobo has some nice ways of setting the cutoff-point for a longer text thats different for each platform.
Encyclia is a recently-announced project to make ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID) records connected to the fediverse, with the demo providing a first view of what this looks like in practice.
The Build Your Own Timeline Algorithm takes your Mastodon timeline and uses various customisable algorithms to create custom clusterings for the post, allowing you to sort your timeline into various different topics.
The team implementing the ActivityPub plugin for WordPress has posted a blog with a roadmap what they are working on. The team has plans to majorly expand the plugin, and make WordPress a full member of the fediverse. So far, the interaction has mainly focused on publishing to the fediverse, which will now be expanded to also be able to follow, read and interact with the rest of the fediverse directly via a WordPress account. The main feature will be a reader experience, which is effectively a timeline feed within WordPress. It places WordPress into even more direct competition with Ghost, who also offers a timeline reader as part of their ActivityPub integration.
The Social Web Foundation released a draft of their work to implement end-to-end encrypted (E2EE) messaging over ActivityPub. Their plan uses Messaging Layer Security (MLS), a protocol for encrypting messages, that is designed to be used in combination with other protocols for sending the encrypted messages. One of the parts that is missing for ActivityPub is the ability to send real private messages to each other, and an integration with MLS can help with that. It might take a while before it gets there, this first version of the draft is now ready for proof-of-concept implementations and interoperability testing.
Bridgy Fed, the bridging software that connects ActivityPub with ATProto, has gotten an update where server admins can opt-in to the bridge for their entire server. For some context: Bridgy Fed was originally designed to be opt-out, meaning that every fediverse account could automatically be bridged to the Bluesky network and visa versa. After massive pushback from the fediverse community, this was changed to opt-in, where people have to actively take action to have their account be connected to the other network. The debate laid bare to what extend the fediverse struggled with being a decentralised network, where decentralised means that there are different communities with values that at times are incompatible with each other. Instead the debate got largely framed in terms of what the value (opt-in or opt-out) should be for the entire network. However, with this latest update individual communities can now be independently decide for themselves if they want to be connected to other protocols by default.
The Links
Bonfire has added the ability to create a separate ‘Events’ feed for Mobilizon and Gancio events.
Canvas is a yearly fediverse event where people can paint on a shared canvas, one pixel at a time, for 48 hours. This year’s Canvas event will start on July 12th.
Mastodon has made some tweaks to smaller screen layouts on web.
That’s all for this week, thanks for reading! You can subscribe to my newsletter to get all my weekly updates via email, which gets you some interesting extra analysis as a bonus, that is not posted here on the website. You can subscribe below:
Torna la Festa della Fiom a Firenze: 4 serate alla Flog al Poggetto tra dibattiti, musica, teatro, cucina. Tra gli ospiti, i sindaci di Firenze, Prato e Pistoia ed Eugenio Giani. Chiusura con Michele
L’immediata presa di posizione a favore di Israele da parte delle prime tre “potenze” europee (Francia, Germania, Regno Unito) e dei membri del G-7 con dichiarazioni di stampo orwelliano, se non appare per nulla una sorpresa, rivela nel modo più chia…
Nel contesto del progressivo mutamento degli equilibri geopolitici globali e della ridefinizione delle rotte strategiche per l’approvvigionamento energetico e lo scambio di merci, il corridoio Imec (India-Middle East-Europe Corridor) rappresenta una delle più rilevanti iniziative
New data obtained by 404 Media also shows California cops are illegally sharing Flock automatic license plate reader (ALPR) data with other agencies out of state, who in turn are performing searches for ICE.#FOIA
In an industry full of grifters and companies hell-bent on making the internet worse, it is hard to think of a worse actor than Meta, or a worse product that the AI Discover feed.#AI #Meta
Meta Invents New Way to Humiliate Users With Feed of People's Chats With AI
I was sick last week, so I did not have time to write about the Discover Tab in Meta’s AI app, which, as Katie Notopoulos of Business Insider has pointed out, is the “saddest place on the internet.” Many very good articles have already been written about it, and yet, I cannot allow its existence to go unremarked upon in the pages of 404 Media.
If you somehow missed this while millions of people were protesting in the streets, state politicians were being assassinated, war was breaking out between Israel and Iran, the military was deployed to the streets of Los Angeles, and a Coinbase-sponsored military parade rolled past dozens of passersby in Washington, D.C., here is what the “Discover” tab is: The Meta AI app, which is the company’s competitor to the ChatGPT app, is posting users’ conversations on a public “Discover” page where anyone can see the things that users are asking Meta’s chatbot to make for them. This includes various innocuous image and video generations that have become completely inescapable on all of Meta’s platforms (things like “egg with one eye made of black and gold,” “adorable Maltese dog becomes a heroic lifeguard,” “one second for God to step into your mind”), but it also includes entire chatbot conversations where users are seemingly unknowingly leaking a mix of embarrassing, personal, and sensitive details about their lives onto a public platform owned by Mark Zuckerberg. In almost all cases, I was able to trivially tie these chats to actual, real people because the app uses your Instagram or Facebook account as your login. In several minutes last week, I saved a series of these chats into a Slack channel I created and called “insanemetaAI.” These included:
entire conversations about “my current medical condition,” which I could tie back to a real human being with one click
details about someone’s life insurance plan
“At a point in time with cerebral palsy, do you start to lose the use of your legs cause that’s what it’s feeling like so that’s what I’m worried about”
details about a situationship gone wrong after a woman did not like a gift
an older disabled man wondering whether he could find and “afford” a young wife in Medellin, Colombia on his salary (“I'm at the stage in my life where I want to find a young woman to care for me and cook for me. I just want to relax. I'm disabled and need a wheelchair, I am severely overweight and suffer from fibromyalgia and asthma. I'm 5'9 280lb but I think a good young woman who keeps me company could help me lose the weight.”)
“What counties [sic] do younger women like older white men? I need details. I am 66 and single. I’m from Iowa and am open to moving to a new country if I can find a younger woman.”
“My boyfriend tells me to not be so sensitive, does that affect him being a feminist?”
Rachel Tobac, CEO of Social Proof Security, compiled a series of chats she saw on the platform and messaged them to me. These are even crazier and include people asking “What cream or ointment can be used to soothe a bad scarring reaction on scrotum sack caused by shaving razor,” “create a letter pleading judge bowser to not sentence me to death over the murder of two people” (possibly a joke?), someone asking if their sister, a vice president at a company that “has not paid its corporate taxes in 12 years,” could be liable for that, audio of a person talking about how they are homeless, and someone asking for help with their cancer diagnosis, someone discussing being newly sexually interested in trans people, etc.
Tobac gave me a list of the types of things she’s seen people posting in the Discover feed, including people’s exact medical issues, discussions of crimes they had committed, their home addresses, talking to the bot about extramarital affairs, etc. “When a tool doesn’t work the way a person expects, there can be massive personal security consequences,” Tobac told me.
“Meta AI should pause the public Discover feed,” she added. “Their users clearly don’t understand that their AI chat bot prompts about their murder, cancer diagnosis, personal health issues, etc have been made public. [Meta should have] ensured all AI chat bot prompts are private by default, with no option to accidentally share to a social media feed. Don’t wait for users to accidentally post their secrets publicly. Notice that humans interact with AI chatbots with an expectation of privacy, and meet them where they are at. Alert users who have posted their prompts publicly and that their prompts have been removed for them from the feed to protect their privacy.” Since several journalists wrote about this issue, Meta has made it clearer to users when interactions with its bot will be shared to the Discover tab. Notopoulos reported Monday that Meta seemed to no longer be sharing text chats to the Discover tab. When I looked for prompts Monday afternoon, the vast majority were for images. But the text prompts were back Tuesday morning, including a full audio conversation of a woman asking the bot what the statute of limitations are for a woman to press charges for domestic abuse in the state of Indiana, which had taken place two minutes before it was shown to me. I was also shown six straight text prompts of people asking questions about the movie franchise John Wick, a chat about “exploring historical inconsistencies surrounding the Holocaust,” and someone asking for advice on “anesthesia for obstetric procedures.”
I was also, Tuesday morning, fed a lengthy chat where an identifiable person explained that they are depressed: “just life hitting me all the wrong ways daily.” The person then left a comment on the post “Was this posted somewhere because I would be horrified? Yikes?”
Several of the chats I saw and mentioned in this article are now private, but most of them are not. I can imagine few things on the internet that would be more invasive than this, but only if I try hard. This is like Google publishing your search history publicly, or randomly taking some of the emails you send and publishing them in a feed to help inspire other people on what types of emails they too could send. It is like Pornhub turning your searches or watch history into a public feed that could be trivially tied to your actual identity. Mistake or not, feature or not (and it’s not clear what this actually is), it is crazy that Meta did this; I still cannot actually believe it. In an industry full of grifters and companies hell-bent on making the internet worse, it is hard to think of a more impactful, worse actor than Meta, whose platforms have been fully overrun with viral AI slop, AI-powered disinformation, AI scams, AI nudify apps, and AI influencers and whose impact is outsized because billions of people still use its products as their main entry point to the internet. Meta has shown essentially zero interest in moderating AI slop and spam and as we have reported many times, literally funds it, sees it as critical to its business model, and believes that in the future we will all have AI friends on its platforms. While reporting on the company, it has been hard to imagine what rock bottom will be, because Meta keeps innovating bizarre and previously unimaginable ways to destroy confidence in social media, invade people’s privacy, and generally fuck up its platforms and the internet more broadly.
If I twist myself into a pretzel, I can rationalize why Meta launched this feature, and what its idea for doing so is. Presented with an empty text box that says “Ask Meta AI,” people do not know what to do with it, what to type, or what to do with AI more broadly, and so Meta is attempting to model that behavior for people and is willing to sell out its users’ private thoughts to do so. I did not have “Meta will leak people’s sad little chats with robots to the entire internet” on my 2025 bingo card, but clearly I should have.
AI 'influencers' on Instagram have racked up hundreds of thousands of followers and millions of views by stealing reels from real women to make the AI seem more "believable."
The list of sites in the suspect's notebook, which can easily reveal where someone lives, are a simple Google search away, have been for years, and lawmakers could make changes if they wanted. They have before.
The list of sites in the suspectx27;s notebook, which can easily reveal where someone lives, are a simple Google search away, have been for years, and lawmakers could make changes if they wanted. They have before.#News
The list of sites in the suspect's notebook, which can easily reveal where someone lives, are a simple Google search away, have been for years, and lawmakers could make changes if they wanted. They have before.
Siccome qui nel Fediverso siete un po' tutti matti con queste storie di diritti umani, ambiente, ecc. ecc. ( 😀 ) mi permetto di raccontarvi del mio telefono, nel caso vi interessasse.
E' un telefono fatto da un'azienda olandese, la #Fairphone appunto, con in testa l'idea della sostenibilità, sia a livello sociale che ambientale.
E' un telefono assemblato da persone che ricevono uno stipendio dignitoso, che lavorano in ditte che garantiscono diritti sindacali, non vengono coinvolti bambini, i materiali provengono da produttori che si impegnano per la sostenibilità ambientale delle loro attività, c'è molto materiale riciclato e infine è progettato in maniera modulare, in modo da poter essere riparabile e finire più tardi possibile in una discarica (si rompe la fotocamera? Vai sul sito ti compri il pezzo di ricambio, apri il telefono, togli la fotocamera vecchia e monti la nuova)
Ora... io non vi consiglio assolutamente di comprarlo, è un telefono "difficile" (nel senso che è fatto da una piccola azienda che non ha le possibilità di giganti come Samsung o Apple), costa un botto (a parità di prestazione da Mediaworld ne trovate che costano la metà ma del resto se vuoi pagare degli stipendi dignitosi ai lavoratori da qualche parte quei soldi dovranno venire fuori...), l'affidabilità non è proprio delle migliori (ma negli anni è aumentata molto) e se avete un problema il supporto tecnico vi risponde con due settimane di ritardo (però esiste una community dove si trova gente parecchio preparata e disponibile).
Detto questo, se siete di quei "woke" che mettono i diritti umani e l'ambiente davanti a tante altre cose forse questo telefono (che, ripeto, io vi sconsiglio di comprare) potrebbe interessarvi.
C'è anche una versione "de-googlizzata" che usa /e/OS.
Ha 5 anni di garanzia.
Se decideste di comprarlo poi non venite a dirmi che è colpa mia, io vi ho solo detto che esiste, non vi ho detto di comprarlo.
Fate circolare un po' il messaggio, magari a qualcuno dei vostri contatti interessa.
esperienza simile con FP3 e /e/OS e concordo con te, è una soluzione "difficile" ma è un benchmark di come dovrebbe funzionare (e quanto dovrebbe costare) un'economia sostenibile
✍️ Manca poco all'inizio della #Maturità2025! Un in bocca al lupo speciale a tutti gli...
✍️ Manca poco all'inizio della #Maturità2025! Un in bocca al lupo speciale a tutti gli studenti e le studentesse che domani mattina, mercoledì 18 giugno, svolgeranno la prima prova scritta degli #EsamiDiStato2025.
✍️ Manca poco all'inizio della #Maturità2025!
Un in bocca al lupo speciale a tutti gli studenti e le studentesse che domani mattina, mercoledì 18 giugno, svolgeranno la prima prova scritta degli #EsamiDiStato2025.
#MIMaturo
Dal salone di Parigi-Le Bourget, Boeing rilancia sul futuro della superiorità aerea americana. Dopo aver ottenuto a marzo la commessa per l’F-47, il nuovo caccia di sesta generazione destinato all’US Air Force, il colosso statunitense si propone
@Politica interna, europea e internazionale È diventato virale sul web un filmato che mostra Emmanuel Macron sussurrare qualcosa all’orecchio di Giorgia Meloni, che successivamente alza gli occhi al cielo. La scena si è svolta durante il G7 in Canada. Prima di partecipare al vertice di Kananaskis, la
Gli scioperi hanno smosso un po’ le cose: nelle scorse settimane 28 aziende hanno fatto accordi con i sindacati per garantire per la prima volta la settimana lavorativa di 40 ore.
@Notizie dall'Italia e dal mondo Sotto la retorica della de-escalation, i leader delle potenze industriali appoggiano senza riserve l’offensiva israeliana contro l’Iran e ignorano la strage in corso a Gaza. Il “nuovo Medio Oriente” prende forma tra bugie, dominio militare e pulizia etnica. L'articolo Al G7 la
Susanna Buffa, Igor Legari – Quando l’anarchia verrà freezonemagazine.com/articoli/… Sarà l’aria che tira in questi anni bastardi, ma da un album come questo il senso del cantare nel presente queste canzoni che vengono dal passato appare cristallino. Sarà anche per la formula (la voce di Susanna Buffa e il contrabbasso di Igor Legari) che riporta tutto all’osso e distilla da questo repertorio una bellezza non […] L'articolo Susanna
@Notizie dall'Italia e dal mondo Il bersaglio non sono soltanto gli impianti nucleari. Obiettivo di Israele è anche un cambio di regime. Una pressione continua, con l'aiuto degli Usa, come a Gaza e in Libano, attraverso Accordo di Abramo e forza militare L'articolo ANALISI. La guerra di Netanyahu per il “nuovo Iran” proviene da Pagine
Mentre l’attenzione mediatica privilegia sovente i domini aereo e cibernetico, i conflitti contemporanei hanno riaffermato un principio strategico immutabile: le guerre si vincono ancora sul terreno. Il dominio land, con la sua
@Notizie dall'Italia e dal mondo Sigonella crocevia strategico: velivoli-spia e tanker USA in movimento mentre cresce il rischio di un intervento diretto nella guerra Israele-Iran L'articolo L’ombra di Sigonella sui bombardamenti pagineesteri.it/2025/06/17/mon…
Anni di inattività nei casi "Pay or OK": la noyb fa causa alle DPA tedesche A quasi quattro anni dalla presentazione delle denunce noyb contro faz.net e t-online.de, le DPA della Renania Settentrionale-Vestfalia e dell'Assia non hanno ancora emesso una decisione nel merito mickey17 June 2025
qualcuno ha letto i quesiti referendari? uno può anche votare no (ma no non andare a votare) ma poi vorrei capire perché pensa che sia giusto in caso di licenziamento che ci sia un limite a 6 mensilità come indennità. e nessuno che ha votato no ha risposto nel merito del contenuto. quindi no... non è questione di libertà di voto ma io questa umanità avessi un telecomando la cancellerei con un pulsante. e quindi con chi dovrei voler parlare? parlare con qualcuno che non la pensa come te può anche essere più interessante se però è una persona e non un npc...
L’aggressione senza giustificazioni dell’Iran da parte di Israele è stata accompagnata da dichiarazioni contrastanti provenienti da Washington, inizialmente tese a prendere le distanze dalle operazioni militari dell’alleato e in seguito di quasi ammi…
Un modello europeo sotto pressione L’Europa ha saputo affermare la propria eccellenza tecnologica attraverso programmi emblematici come Ariane e Vega, riconosciuti a livello mondiale per la loro affidabilità e precisione. Ma la competizione attuale non è solo tecnologica, è anche economica e politica. Le grandi
quinta - Stefano Quintarelli
in reply to Max - Poliverso 🇪🇺🇮🇹 • • •io sono un felice possessore di un fp4 con e/os
tutta la famiglia è passata ad fp4 (anche) x i costi di riparazione...
già, perché, inoltre, compri i ricambi e te lo puoi riparare da solo
Max - Poliverso 🇪🇺🇮🇹
in reply to quinta - Stefano Quintarelli • •beethoby
in reply to Max - Poliverso 🇪🇺🇮🇹 • • •Max - Poliverso 🇪🇺🇮🇹 likes this.