Another entry in the world of interesting FDM filaments comes courtesy of CC3D with their 72D TPU filament, with [Dr. Igor Gaspar] putting it to the test in his recent video. The use of the Shore hardness D scale rather than the typical A scale is a strong indication that something is different about this TPU. The manufacturer claims ‘nylon-like’ performance, which should give this TPU filament much more hardness and resistance to abrasion. The questions are whether this filament lives up to these promises, and whether it is at all fun to print with.
The CC3D 72D TPU filament used to print a bicycle’s handlebar. (Credit: My Tech Fun, YouTube)
TPU is of course highly hydrophilic, so keeping the filament away from moisture is essential. Printing temperature is listed on the spool as 225 – 245°C, and the filament is very bendable but not stretchable. For the testing a Bambu Lab X-1 Carbon was used, with the filament directly loaded from the filament dryer. After an overnight print session resulted in spaghetti due to warping, it was found that generic TPU settings at 240ºC with some more nylon-specific tweaks seemed to give the best results, with other FDM printers also working well that way.

The comparison was against Bambu Lab’s 68D TPU for AMS. Most noticeable is that the 72D TPU easily suffers permanent deformation, while being much more wear resistant than e.g. PLA. That said, it does indeed seem to perform more like polyamide filaments, making it perhaps an interesting alternative there. Although there’s some confusion about whether this TPU filament has polyamide added to it, it seems to be pure TPU, just like the Bambu Lab 68D filament.

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Although Charles Hall conducted his first successful run of the Hall-Héroult aluminium smelting process in the woodshed behind his house, it has ever since remained mostly out of reach of home chemists. It does involve electrolysis at temperatures above 1000 ℃, and can involve some frighteningly toxic chemicals, but as [Maurycy Z] demonstrates, an amateur can now perform it a bit more conveniently than Hall could.

[Maurycy] started by finding a natural source of aluminium, in this case aluminosilicate clay. He washed the clay and soaked it in warm hydrochloric acid for two days to extract the aluminium as a chloride. This also extracted quite a bit of iron, so [Maurycy] added sodium hydroxide to the solution until both aluminium and iron precipitated as hydroxides, added more sodium hydroxide until the aluminium hydroxide redissolved, filtered the solution to remove iron hydroxide, and finally added hydrochloric acid to the solution to precipitate aluminium hydroxide. He heated the aluminium hydroxide to about 800 ℃ to decompose it into the alumina, the starting material for electrolysis.

To turn this into aluminium metal, [Maurycy] used molten salt electrolysis. Alumina melts at a much higher temperature than [Maurycy]’s furnace could reach, so he used cryolite as a flux. He mixed this with his alumina and used an electric furnace to melt it in a graphite crucible. He used the crucible itself as the cathode, and a graphite rod as an anode. He does warn that this process can produce small amounts of hydrogen fluoride and fluorocarbons, so that “doing the electrolysis without ventilation is a great way to poison yourself in new and exciting ways.” The first run didn’t produce anything, but on a second attempt with a larger anode, 20 minutes of electrolysis produced 0.29 grams of aluminium metal.

[Maurycy]’s process follows the industrial Hall-Héroult process quite closely, though he does use a different procedure to purify his raw materials. If you aren’t interested in smelting aluminium, you can still cast it with a microwave oven.

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While it might not be accurate to say VHS is dead, it’s certainly not a lively format. It continues on in undeath thanks to dedicated collectors and hobbyists, some of whom may be tempted to lynch Reddit user [CommonKingfisher] for embedding a video player inside a VHS tape.
Miniaturization in action. The video player probably cost about the same as the original VHS when you account for inflation.
The hack started with a promotional video card via Ali Express, which is a cheap enough way to get a tiny LCD player MP4 playing micro. As you can see, there was plenty of room in the tape for the guts of this. The tape path is obviously blocked, so the tape is not playable in this format. [CommonKingfisher] claims the hack is “reversible” but since he cut a window for the LCD out of the casing of the cassette, that’s going to be pretty hard to undo. On the other hand, the ultrasonic cutter he used did make a very clean cut, and that would help with reversibility.

The fact that the thing is activated by a magnetic sensor makes us worry for the data on that tape, too, whether or not the speaker is a peizo. Ultimately it doesn’t really matter; in no universe was this tape the last surviving copy of “The Matrix”, and it’s a lot more likely this self-playing “tape” gets watched than the VHS was going to be. You can watch it yourself in the demo video embedded below.

VHS nostalgia around here usually involves replicating the tape experience, rather than repurposing the tape. We’re grateful to [George Graves] for the tip. Tips of all sorts are welcome on our friendly neighborhood tips line.

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We did explicitly ask for projects that use a 555 timer for the One Hertz Challenge, but we weren’t expecting the 555 to be the project. Yet, here we are, with [matt venn]’s Open Source 1Hz Blinky, that blinks a light with a 555 timer… but not one you’d get from Digikey.

Hooking a 555 to blink an LED at one hertz is a bog-simple, first-electronics-project type of exercise, unless you have to make the 555 first. Rather than go big, as we have seen before, [matt venn] goes very small, with a 555 implemented on a tiny sliver of Tiny Tapeout 6.

We’ve covered projects using that tapeout before, but in case you missed it, Tiny Tapeout gives space to anyone to produce ASICs on custom silicon using an open Process Design Kit, and we have [matt venn] to thank for it. The Tiny Tapeout implementation of the 555 was actually designed by [Vincent Fusco].

Of course wiring it up is a bit more complicated than dropping in a 555 timer to the circuit: the Tiny Tapeout ASIC must be configured to use that specific project using its web interface. There’s a demo video embedded below, with some info about the project– it’s not just a blinking LED, so it’s worth seeing. The output isn’t exactly One Hertz, so it might not get the nod in the Timelord category, but it’s going to be a very strong competitor for other 555-based projects– of which we could really use more, hint-hint. You’ve got until August 19th, if you think you can use a 555 to do something more interesting than blink an LED.

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Nel corso degli ultimi mesi, YouTube ha intensificato la sua attività di contrasto contro campagne di disinformazione e operazioni di influenza coordinate, rimuovendo un numero considerevole di canali legati a vari paesi. Tra questi, spiccano 43 canali chiusi per attività legate alla Turchia: la campagna diffondeva contenuti in lingua turca a sostegno del Partito della Vittoria. Parallelamente, 12 canali, un account pubblicitario, un account AdSense e nove domini sono stati bloccati per una campagna pro-Romania a favore di un partito politico specifico.

Le attività riconducibili alla Russia hanno portato alla chiusura di centinaia di canali. Solo in alcuni esempi, sono stati chiusi 1.045 canali e bloccati due domini per una campagna collegata a una società di consulenza russa; ulteriori 507 canali sono stati rimossi per contenuti pro-Russia e critici verso Ucraina e Occidente; altri 392 canali, sempre riconducibili a una società di consulenza russa, sono stati eliminati per motivi analoghi. A questi si aggiungono decine di altri canali chiusi per campagne in diverse lingue, tra cui inglese, francese, spagnolo, ucraino e polacco.

Anche la Repubblica Popolare Cinese (PRC) è stata coinvolta in modo massiccio. In particolare, YouTube ha chiuso 1.545 canali per una rete inautentica che pubblicava contenuti in cinese e inglese su Cina e affari esteri statunitensi, e ulteriori 3.592 canali nei mesi successivi per attività simili. Nel mese di giugno, sono stati rimossi altri 2.598 canali e bloccato un dominio, sempre per operazioni legate alla PRC. Questi interventi confermano trend già documentati in precedenti report.

Non sono mancate azioni contro campagne legate ad altri paesi. In Azerbaijan sono stati chiusi 356 canali in un caso, 457 in un altro, e ulteriori 228 canali per campagne che diffondevano contenuti critici verso l’Armenia e oppositori del governo azero. In Iran sono stati chiusi 12 canali per contenuti a favore del governo iraniano e della Palestina e critici verso Israele; inoltre, sono stati bloccati due domini per campagne in arabo critiche verso Stati Uniti, Israele e Occidente.

Infine, YouTube ha agito anche contro campagne più circoscritte: quattro canali chiusi per attività legate a Israele con contenuti critici verso la Palestina; un canale e un dominio bloccati in Ghana per una campagna legata alle elezioni presidenziali; e quattro canali chiusi per attività pro-Cina e critiche verso le Filippine. Questi interventi, realizzati tra aprile e giugno, testimoniano la costante attività della piattaforma contro la disinformazione globale e le reti inautentiche.

L'articolo Pulizia storica su YouTube: eliminati oltre 10.000 canali collegati a Mosca, Pechino e Teheran proviene da il blog della sicurezza informatica.