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After my recent misadventures setting up an OpenWrt installation on a scruffy e-waste-level x86 PC, quite a few people chimed in with feedback, criticism and friendly hostility regarding things like a presumed ‘x86 bias’. There were also some system-related things that simply didn’t seem to want to work, such as booting from an SD card with a USB adapter, which cut short a lot of the actual OpenWrt testing that I had intended. This made it mostly an enlightening look at what issues you can run into when ‘quickly’ throwing an OpenWrt router together with some junk parts these days.
In this second article I’ll try to address as many of these points as possible, as well as attempt to show off an actual working OpenWrt installation in action. In addition, since just using random junk x86 PC parts was the way to go back in the late 90s/early 2000s doesn’t mean that this is still the way in 2026, so I’ll be taking a look at alternatives that exist today. This includes everything from mini PCs, to ancient business PCs being sold for peanuts, as well as more dedicated (ARM-based) hardware solutions.
The Hardware Landscape
Typical NE2000-compatible 10 Mbit Ethernet card you’d find aplenty in 90s junk bins. (Credit: Sönke Kraft, Wikimedia)
One of the aspects that I somewhat overlooked whilst scrounging through my junk bin was just how much faster internet connections have become compared to the early 2000s. My cable internet connection of the time was hooked up to a DOCSIS 1.x-based modem, with 40 Mbit/s as the theoretical maximum downstream capacity.
For this a 100 Mbps PCI or ISA NIC was plenty. Back then I was using NE2000-compatible 10 Mbit ISA cards and enjoying the ISA ‘Plug-and-Pray’ life to my utter dismay while configuring IRQs and other relevant settings. At least this taught me about legacy connectors like those for coax-based thick- and thinnet as well as AUI, I guess.
But fast-forward to today, and my current fiber internet connection could do at least 1 Gbps if I wasn’t a cheapskate with only a 300 Mbps downstream plan.
Thus 1 Gbit NICs are pretty much the absolute minimum you’d want to have on your DIY router, unless you’re somehow stuck in a digital wasteland where the very concept of such internet bandwidth numbers just makes you shake a powerless fist at the uncaring skies and lack of even high-ish bandwidth 5G LTE options or similar.
Of course, coupled with this you also want hardware that is capable of dealing with the requirements of such NICs and associated bandwidth. It’s one thing to provide basic routing, but consider the hardware requirements should you end up maxing out both up- and download limits for extended periods of time due to torrenting all those Linux ISOs.
When it comes to the rest of the hardware, you can still grab whatever junk PC, cheap Celeron-based mini PC, or e-waste/refurbished thin client you come across, as long as it can support at least two 1 Gbit network links. When we then finally drop our x86 bias and look on the ARM side of the fence things get a lot less easy, though.
RISCing ARM
Although some ARM-based SBCs do have 1 Gbit Ethernet NICs, like the AllWinner A20 based LeMaker Banana Pro that I have serving various networking tasks – including NAS duty via its SATA connector and the bandwidth-heavy task of a ZNC IRC bouncer – adding a second Gbit-level networking interface is impossible with just USB 2.0 ports. This is a pattern that repeats with other single-board computers (SBCs), including the gaggle of Raspberry Pis and clones of which I have plenty kicking around.
Until you hit the Raspberry Pi 4 with its USB 3.0 ports and PCIe-connected Ethernet controller, the best you could get out of these boards was ~300 Mbps over the USB 2.0 ports. The good news here is that OpenWrt’s support for all RPi SBCs is pretty substantial. As long as you can squirrel away that grafted-on second Ethernet port from a USB dongle or similar somewhere, it just might be a decent enough router for a Gbit-level internet connection.
The OpenWrt One PCB. (Credit: OpenWrt)
Beyond these options you also have various dedicated router boards, with the OpenWrt One and Banana Pi BPI-R4 being two viable options here. Expect to shell out at least $100 just for the bare board, sometimes even before adding an enclosure and other essentials. Here you’re basically buying a typical off-the-shelf router and doing the final assembly yourself.
The final result would be fairly similar to the OpenWrt-based Xiaomi router that I’m currently using. This fancily named Mi AIoT Router AX3600 is like many Xiaomi routers and other networking devices officially supported by OpenWrt. These thus make for another viable target to reflash with a clean OpenWrt image and no OEM customizations if that’s the one thing that irks you about these commercial offerings.
Clearly there are a lot of options here, hardware-wise, even if on the ARM side of things you’re probably just better off buying that existing OpenWrt-supported router as the most economical option, unless you happen to have a Raspberry Pi 4 SBC or equivalent gathering dust.
Booting Troubles
One issue that I ran into was the inability to boot from a properly prepared SD card, even after trying it in a variety of USB-SD card adapters. Here the assumption made by me was that to the BIOS this made zero difference compared to a USB stick with built-in Flash, but clearly this was wrong, especially when a USB stick did show up in the list of bootable devices. Of course, this doesn’t make any sense since either is just a USB Mass Storage Device and some sanity-related search engine consultation later I managed to confirm that I was correct.
Since I needed a different mainboard anyway for at least Gbit link speeds I opted to drag another system from the surely-that’s-e-waste pile, featuring a rather nice Intel D2500CC mainboard with onboard dual Gbit Ethernet and miniPCIe expansion option that I could slot quad 1 Gbit Ethernet Intel I350 modules into which I have also hoarded salvaged.
After taking the same SD card that failed to work before and slotting it into this 2012-era system, it booted into OpenWrt, terrible graphics courtesy of the VGA-to-HDMI adapter and stray reflections included:

After this momentous step I proceeded to triumphantly check for a network connection on the connected laptop, but saw that it didn’t even see an active network connection. That’s when I noticed the inactive link and activity LEDs on both of the D2500CC mainboard’s Ethernet jacks, which was rather worrisome.
I did have a poke at ifconfig to confirm that it had detected both onboard NICs and created connections for them, with indeed both an eth0 and eth1 interface created in addition to the loopback. Slightly baffled I did try to prod DHCP just in case, but at this point the console began to corrupt itself:

Although I’m pretty sure that I didn’t miss any steps, something is still clearly amiss. Whether it’s a hardware issue with the mainboard, some BIOS configuration glitch, an issue with the OpenWrt image, USB being USB or a quaint planetary alignment, I obviously wouldn’t be able to log into the graphical administration interface any time soon at this rate.
This mostly leaves me with more debugging to do, as well as the increasingly dismayed feeling that some things really were easier in the past.
Next Steps
Although I haven’t given up yet on reviving an old PC as a router, it’s clear that dealing with ISA PnP configuration nonsense from yesteryear doesn’t hold a candle to the fascinating troubleshooting you get to do these days. That said, assuming that this or the other D2500CC board that I have is functional, they should be pretty nice for router purposes as they both have 8 GB of DDR3 installed and the aforementioned plethora of expansion options.
This should allow for OPNSense to be quite happy as well, which is a more regular PC-focused router distribution anyway, should OpenWrt not work out somehow. The first priority here is of course to ensure that the hardware that you’re using is fully functional before you get too far into the weeds. In the case of the previous Intel mainboard, for example, I later found that Memtest86+ would immediately crash on start — probably a bad sign.
As usual I’m looking forward to all the feedback and comments as I’m gradually digging through my pile of junk parts. Hopefully the next article will feature some actual benchmarking and working systems, as fun as writing about things-that-don’t-work is.
hackaday.com/2026/06/01/revisi…
Naridola
in reply to .mau. • • •.mau.
in reply to Naridola • • •Naridola
in reply to .mau. • • •informapirata ⁂
in reply to Naridola • • •@naridola a parte che tutto ciò che hai detto non c'entra proprio nulla con il "ripristino" della A finale, ma ti ricordo che il Ducato di Milano non è mai stato "Austria", ma era appunto "Ducato di Milano", poi Regno Lombardo Veneto.
Volta quindi era Italiano per nazionalità e cultura ed era Lombardo per cittadinanza.
@mau
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Naridola
in reply to informapirata ⁂ • • •informapirata ⁂
in reply to Naridola • • •@naridola impero è il perimetro del dominio della corona e della sfera d'influenza. Anche l'Ungheria era nell' impero austriaco, ma non era Austria. Purtroppo la devastazione dei programmi scolastici e in particolar modo della storia ha fatto dimenticare cosa significhi l'espressione "impero".
Per capirci, Trento era a tutti gli effetti territorio austriaco (ancora lo era quando ci è nato De Gasperi), ma Belluno, Bergamo e Brescia no
@mau
Naridola
in reply to informapirata ⁂ • • •@informapirata il lombardo Veneto era una regione amministrativa dell' impero austroungarico
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_…
Quindi sì, Belluno era impero.
Dal 1867 l'Ungheria era separata dall'Austria. I trentini e triestini erano austriaci, i fiumani erano ungheresi. Anche quelli di cultura italiana.
Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia - Wikipedia
Contributors to Wikimedia projects (Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.)informapirata ⁂
in reply to Naridola • • •@naridola prenditi una pausa e leggiti quello che ho scritto perché stai facendo un mischione assurdo.
Per prima cosa non esiste un impero austro-ungarico ma esiste un impero d'Austria e un impero di Ungheria.
In secondo luogo, ho detto che non era territorio austriaco ma non che non fosse impero d'Austria.
Terzo: cosa c'entra il 1867?
Quarto: cosa c'entra tutto questo con Volta, il nome del Volt e il presunto nazionalismo di Wikipedia Italia?
@mau
Naridola
in reply to informapirata ⁂ • • •Naridola
in reply to Naridola • • •informapirata ⁂
in reply to Naridola • • •@naridola ma giusto de che? ha veramente senso chiamare Volta il Volt? Se proprio dovesse buttare via del tempo, lo impiegherei per fare in modo che in fisica iniziassero a pronunciare la lettera "ν" come NI e non NU all'inglese come fanno i fisici, ma – sia chiaro – si tratta davvero di qualcosa di irrilevante.
Quanto al fatto che Volta non fosse del Regno d'Italia, beh questa è una gigantesca cazzata, dal momento che ne è stato anche Senatore (eh già.. la storia...)
@mau
Naridola
in reply to informapirata ⁂ • • •informapirata ⁂
in reply to Naridola • • •@naridola aridaje 🤣
Non hai ancora capito che il Regno D'Italia voluto da Napoleone è un vero Regno d'Italia con una capitale che si trova in Italia? Non importa quanta e quale fosse la sua dipendenza da Parigi: si tratta del primo Regno d'Italia della storia moderna
@mau
Naridola
in reply to informapirata ⁂ • • •informapirata ⁂
in reply to Naridola • • •@naridola è chiaro che stai trollando, ma non ho proprio intenzione di rotolarmi nel fango. Buona festa della Repubblica
@mau
Naridola
in reply to informapirata ⁂ • • •Naridola
in reply to Naridola • • •.mau.
in reply to Naridola • • •@naridola nel merito: se proprio si vuole dare una nazionalità a Volta, lui si definiva "Patrizio Comasco e Decuriore", quindi nemmeno lombardo ma specificatamente comasco. Ed era abbastanza furbo da lodare gli Asburgo del ducato di Milano prima, Napoleone poi e gli Asburgo del Lombardo-Veneto alla fine.
Nel metodo, trovo molto sgradevole una polemica di questo tipo, considerando che non ho per nulla accennato a Wikipedia. Ah: questo è l'incipit della voce di Alessandro Volta nella Wikipedia in lingua tedesca: Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta, ab 1810 Graf von Volta (* 18. Februar 1745 in Como; † 5. März 1827 ebenda), war ein italienischer Physiker. Questo invece è l'incipit di Wikipedia in lingua francese: Le comte Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta, né à Côme le 18 février 1745 et mort dans cette même ville le 5 mars 1827, est un physicien et chimiste italien.
informapirata ⁂
in reply to .mau. • • •abbiamo un governo meraviglioso! 🤣
(alla faccia dei disfattisti come @phastidio che non colgono il portentoso cambio di passo 🤣)
Il colonnello
in reply to informapirata ⁂ • • •@informapirata @phastidio il governo quando propone di cambiare il nome dei volt:
youtu.be/rloS5Wahf08?t=44
Fandub "Le Bizzarre Avventure di Jojo" - Vento Aureo - Ghiaccio
VeonEladraal (YouTube)informapirata ⁂ reshared this.
informapirata ⁂
in reply to Il colonnello • • •@colonnello 🤣🤣🤣
@mau @phastidio
OrionBelt©
in reply to Il colonnello • • •Elena Brescacin
in reply to .mau. • • •reshared this
informapirata ⁂ e Marco Bresciani reshared this.
informapirata ⁂
in reply to Elena Brescacin • • •@elettrona i fasci fanno sempre così. Coerentemente incoerenti!
Del resto i loro elettori apprezzano, dal momento che non sono mai stati guidati da una bussola morale, ma al massimo dall'orologio della (presunta) convenienza
@mau
Fabrizio
in reply to informapirata ⁂ • • •.mau.
in reply to Fabrizio • • •Fabrizio
in reply to .mau. • • •Albertone
in reply to .mau. • • •Dovremmo fare anche una campagna per ripristinare la corretta pronuncia del Joule! La mia insegnante al liceo ci provò a dire dzùl ma non fu molto ascoltata
@betelgeuse93 @informapirata @elettrona
informapirata ⁂ reshared this.
informapirata ⁂
in reply to Albertone • • •@albertone Lucio Russo non mancava mai di ricordarlo...
@mau @betelgeuse93 @elettrona
Elena Brescacin
in reply to Fabrizio • • •Poi in quanto ai phasci, sono convinta che molti di loro credano che il nome di Volta sia Johntra.
informapirata ⁂ reshared this.
.mau.
in reply to Elena Brescacin • • •Scimmia di Mare
in reply to Elena Brescacin • • •@elettrona speriamo la comunità scientifica internazionale decida di chiamarla voltə o volt*
@mau @informapirata
informapirata ⁂ reshared this.
informapirata ⁂
in reply to Scimmia di Mare • • •@Madmonkey AHAHAH 🤣
@elettrona @mau
Lunga vita e prosperità.
in reply to informapirata ⁂ • • •posto questo articolo di @terminologiaetc.it che secondo me spiega bene la questione terminologiaetc.it/2026/06/01/…
Per essere chiaro: non capisco le guerre di religione per una lettera o una desinenza o un asterisco o un ə.
Proposta del governo: da volt a volta
www.terminologiaetc.itreshared this
informapirata ⁂ e Scimmia di Mare reshared this.
informapirata ⁂
in reply to Lunga vita e prosperità. • • •@shumann78 Licia mon amour 😅
@Madmonkey @elettrona @mau @terminologiaetc.it
bupig
in reply to informapirata ⁂ • • •@informapirata @Madmonkey @elettrona
Faccio umilmente notare che in giapponese Volt si pronuncia Bolt, come in Lightning Bolt o in Usain Bolt.
Super figo.
informapirata ⁂ reshared this.
Marco Bresciani
in reply to bupig • • •Più "boruto" (ボルト), in realtà, ma chi sono io per giudicare le pronunce di mia moglie?! 😇
@informapirata @Madmonkey @elettrona @mau
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.mau.
in reply to Marco Bresciani • • •informapirata ⁂ reshared this.
Elena Brescacin
in reply to .mau. • • •bupig
in reply to Marco Bresciani • • •@AAMfP @informapirata @Madmonkey @elettrona
"Pirlo" diventa "Piruro".
Il francese poi viene assolutamente devastato. "Le soleil" diventa "Ru Soreyu".
Hanno talmente pochi fonemi disponibili che diventa una compressione molto ma molto lossy.
Marco Bresciani
in reply to bupig • • •Non me lo dire! 🙄 Ogni volta che andiamo là e qualcuno spaccia parole inglesi, di solito li guardo tipo pesce rosso e mi allontano piangendo... 😅
Certo che finché insegnano la loro pronuncia e correggono gli studenti che pronunciano correttamente...
@informapirata @Madmonkey @elettrona @mau
Elena Brescacin
in reply to Scimmia di Mare • • •reshared this
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