I ricercatori di VUSec hanno presentato un articolo intitolato “Training Solo”, che mette in discussione i principi fondamentali della protezione contro gli attacchi Spectre-v2. In precedenza si riteneva che il meccanismo di isolamento del dominio eliminasse completamente la possibilità di addestrare un predittore di rami utilizzando codice proveniente da diversi domini privilegiati.
Tuttavia, gli autori hanno dimostrato che anche con un’implementazione impeccabile di questi meccanismi, un aggressore può sfruttare lo stesso dominio, ad esempio il kernel del sistema, per addestrare in modo indipendente un predittore ed estrarre dati sensibili.
Lo studio descrive tre nuovi tipi di attacchi Spectre-v2 basati sul cosiddetto “auto-addestramento”, in cui sia l’addestramento che l’esecuzione speculativa avvengono nello stesso contesto privilegiato. Ciò consente di dirottare il flusso di controllo all’interno del kernel o dell’hypervisor e di leggere regioni di memoria private, riproponendo di fatto classici scenari Spectre-v2 precedentemente ritenuti impossibili.
La prima categoria di attacchi, denominata history-based, utilizza speciali gadget “history” all’interno del kernel per creare il contesto di branch desiderato. Gli esperimenti hanno dimostrato che, anche con l’isolamento del dominio abilitato, un aggressore può generare un predittore di branch utilizzando la chiamata di sistema SECCOMP, accessibile a qualsiasi utente. Questa tecnica ha permesso ai ricercatori di estrarre i dati del kernel a una velocità di 1,7 KB/s sui processori Intel Tiger Lake e Lion Cove.
Il secondo gruppo, basato su IP, si basa sulle corrispondenze di indirizzi nel Branch Target Buffer (BTB), dove il predittore è privo di cronologia e opera esclusivamente sugli indirizzi IP. In queste condizioni, due rami possono inavvertitamente “apprendere” l’uno dall’altro se i loro indirizzi corrispondono. L’analisi di più dispositivi di sistema ha dimostrato che questa collisione può diventare una base pratica per attacchi di massa.
La terza variante, quella diretta-indiretta, si è rivelata la più distruttiva. I ricercatori hanno scoperto che su alcuni chip, i salti diretti possono addestrare la previsione di quelli indiretti, cosa che non è prevista in fase di progettazione. Ciò è dovuto a due difetti hardware: la selezione indiretta del target e un bug nei processori Lion Cove. Grazie a questi difetti, i ricercatori sono stati in grado di leggere dati arbitrari dalla memoria del kernel fino a 17 KB/s e di creare un prototipo che recupera la memoria dell’hypervisor a 8,5 KB/s.
Per risolvere le vulnerabilità, Intel ha rilasciato aggiornamenti del microcodice , nuovi “rami indiretti” e l’istruzione IBHF (Indirect Branch History Fence), che cancella la cronologia dei rami. Alcuni sistemi consigliano di utilizzare una speciale sequenza di cancellazione BHB. Anche i meccanismi IBPB sono stati riprogettati per impedire l’aggiramento della protezione e sono stati introdotti nuovi schemi di posizionamento dei rami nella cache, riducendo la superficie di attacco.
I problemi hanno interessato un’ampia gamma di processori Intel , dai processori Core di nona generazione ai più recenti processori Lion Cove delle serie Lunar Lake e Arrow Lake. Anche ARM ha emesso un proprio avviso. Le correzioni vengono gradualmente implementate tramite aggiornamenti del firmware e del kernel Linux. Un set completo di strumenti per testare, analizzare e convalidare i predittori vulnerabili è stato pubblicato pubblicamente su GitHub di VUSec .
La corsa alla supremazia quantistica si sta trasformando in una corsa alla sopravvivenza delle criptovalute. Se i computer quantistici raggiungeranno la potenza promessa, saranno in grado di violare la crittografia su cui si basa l’economia digitale, dalle banche alla blockchain.
Le tecnologie che un tempo simboleggiavano la fiducia potrebbero ora decretarne la fine. La matematica che garantiva la sicurezza delle transazioni e della posta elettronica si rivelerà impotente contro una macchina che “pensa in termini di probabilità”.
I computer quantistici non funzionano con gli 1 e gli 0 come i computer classici: i loro qubit possono essere entrambi contemporaneamente. Questa proprietà, chiamata sovrapposizione, consente loro di risolvere problemi irraggiungibili anche per i supercomputer più potenti.
Ma lo stesso principio potrebbe distruggere la crittografia alla base del mondo del denaro digitale. I sistemi quantistici, utilizzando l’algoritmo di Shor, potrebbero teoricamente violare RSA e le curve ellittiche, il fondamento della sicurezza dei dati e dei wallet di criptovalute. A quel punto, le chiavi private potrebbero essere calcolate a partire dalle chiavi pubbliche, il che significa che qualsiasi saldo non sarebbe più sicuro.
“Il rischio quantistico non è la minaccia di domani, ma il punto cieco di oggi”, sottolinea Jai Singh Arun, coautore di “Becoming Quantum Safe”. Sostiene che le aziende che ritardano la transizione ad algoritmi resistenti ai sistemi quantistici stanno estendendo la propria finestra di vulnerabilità.
I ricercatori chiamano questo momento Q-Day: il giorno in cui un computer quantistico sarà in grado di decifrare per la prima volta la crittografia classica. Le stime variano, ma i limiti si stanno restringendo. Alla conferenza TOKEN2049 di Singapore, il fondatore di Capriole Investments, Charles Edwards, ha affermato che la sicurezza di Bitcoin potrebbe essere violata in soli due-nove anni.
Ha affermato che 2.330 qubit logici sarebbero sufficienti e che la maggior parte delle aziende prevede di raggiungere questa potenza entro il 2029-2030.“Sembra che non stia succedendo nulla, e poi all’improvviso… una realtà diversa”, ha osservato Hartmut Neven, direttore del Quantum AI Lab di Google.
Con l’arrivo del Q-Day, tutti i dati, le firme e le transazioni che non sono migrati verso algoritmi resistenti alla tecnologia quantistica diventeranno pubblici. Non sarà solo un evento tecnologico, ma storico.
Secondo l’ECIPE, a marzo 2025 la Cina aveva investito circa 15 miliardi di dollari in programmi quantistici nazionali, gli Stati Uniti 8 miliardi di dollari e Giappone, Regno Unito e Germania completavano la top five. In totale, i paesi hanno investito oltre 55 miliardi di dollari nello sviluppo delle tecnologie quantistiche.
Il pericolo non risiede solo nel futuro. Gli aggressori possono già intercettare i dati crittografati oggi e decifrarli in seguito, quando saranno disponibili macchine sufficientemente potenti. Pertanto, il mondo sta gradualmente passando a nuovi standard di crittografia post-quantistica. Cloudflare sta già implementando tali soluzioni e il National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) degli Stati Uniti ha approvato tre algoritmi: ML-KEM (Kyber) per lo scambio di chiavi, ML-DSA (Dilithium) e SPHINCS+ per le firme digitali. Le agenzie devono completare la transizione entro il 2033.
Alcuni paragonano la minaccia quantistica al bug Y2K, ma le somiglianze sono ingannevoli. Il problema Y2K aveva una data, una soluzione chiara e una mobilitazione globale. Il rischio quantistico è una tempesta senza data né confini: il suo avvicinamento è visibile, ma il suo impatto è impossibile da prevedere. La preparazione è essenziale.
Le conseguenze per le criptovalute potrebbero essere devastanti. Ogni transazione sulla blockchain rivela una chiave pubblica e un computer quantistico potrebbe calcolare la chiave privata a partire da essa. “Quando arriverà il Q-Day, molte reti semplicemente cesseranno di esistere”, ha affermato Mati Greenspan, fondatore di Quantum Economics. “Ma alcune si stanno già preparando e determineranno il futuro della proprietà digitale”.
Il progetto QRL è stato costruito da zero come una blockchain resistente ai sistemi quantistici. Il suo direttore, Michael Strike, osserva che la transizione a tali standard non è più una teoria, ma una realtà: i governi richiedono compatibilità, le aziende seguono l’esempio e il mercato seguirà.
Secondo Bitbo, circa 25 milioni di indirizzi Bitcoin contengono più di 100$ e un rapporto di arXiv stima che la migrazione di massa dei fondi verso portafogli sicuri dal punto di vista quantistico richiederà dai sei mesi a un anno.
Gli esperti consigliano agli utenti di evitare di riutilizzare gli indirizzi e di aggiornare regolarmente le chiavi. Le aziende dovrebbero creare una mappa di crittografia e dare priorità ai dati che devono rimanere riservati per decenni. Gli sviluppatori dovrebbero testare schemi ibridi che combinano metodi classici e post-quantistici.
L’informatica quantistica non deve distruggere la criptovaluta: può costringerla a evolversi. Il Q-Day non sarà la fine, ma un riavvio della fiducia digitale. La matematica che ha creato la crittografia la creerà di nuovo, solo più forte.
«Una cosa sola. Come le mafie si sono integrate al potere», è il nuovo libro di Nicola Gratteri e Antonio Nicaso edito per le Strade blu di Mondadori (2024). Una cosa sola, nel libro è la convergenza dell’economia mafiosa col sistema bancario, e dei mafiosi coi colletti bianchi. Già questa convergenza rende bene il tema di cui il procuratore di Napoli, Gratteri, e lo studioso dei fenomeni criminali, Antonio Nicaso, hanno voluto scrivere per fare un appello sia alla gente che alla politica, italiana ed europea. Un appello alla gente, affinché prenda le distanze dalle logiche di Camorra, ‘Ndrangheta, Cosa Nostra e altre mafie; alla politica per dire che l’inazione porta alla sconfitta.
I due autori argomentano con dovizia di particolari piccole e grandi storie di mafia e della loro sconfitta da parte dello Stato quando decide di colpire, grazie alla competenza e all’abnegazione delle sue forze di polizia e della magistratura. Ma alle storie che in fondo tutti conosciamo, almeno da quando il Paese da deciso di rompere l’omertà generata dal terrore mafioso, Gratteri e Nicaso aggiungono tutte quelle meno note che ruotano intorno alla tecnologia, dedicando un capitolo apposito proprio al rapporto tra l’uso delle infrastrutture informatiche e la criminalità quando è basata sul riciclaggio, quando usa le cryptovalute; quando è basata sulla paura e sull’emulazione, e per questo usa i social hashtag#network per fare proseliti; quando è basata sulla sfida all’ordine statuale impiegando i droni per attaccare e intimidire i suoi servitori; quando sfrutta la crittografia per nascondere alle autorità i traffici loschi e i reati commessi nascondendosi nel DarkWeb.
Ed è proprio in questo contesto che il libro cita anche il lavoro di analisi e raccolta di dati e informazioni prodotto da Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale quando ricorda la piaga del ransomware.
Per ogni tipo di crimine però gli autori ricordano che c’è un antidoto, costituito dalla vigilanza proattiva e dalla repressione giudiziaria, come pure dal rigore e dall’onesta delle singole persone. Ricordando che la mafia è tutt’uno con ogni potere deviato e che i colletti bianchi sono troppo spesso al loro servizio in un’area grigia che va illuminata, Gratteri e Nicaso infine sottolineano come la stessa memoria di hashtag#Falcone e hashtag#Borsellino vada onorata mettendo le forze dell’ordine nella condizione di colpire questa vasta area di malaffare che ingloba anche l’economia pulita. Soprattutto ricordando a noi stessi che è il coraggio delle nostre scelte, politiche e personali, che può fare la differenza nella lotta alla Mafia.
Una cosa sola, copertina del libro di Gratteri e Nicaso
Oggi il Sole 24 Ore è in edicola con sole 20 pagine, quasi tutte “fredde” e con un’intervista alla premier Giorgia Meloni fatta da una giornalista esterna. Un giornale realizzato senza la redazione, che ieri ha proclamato all’unanimità uno sciopero proprio perché l’intervista a Meloni è stata decisa improvvisamente dalla direzione, a scapito di colleghi interni che erano andati alla conferenza stampa di Palazzo Chigi sulla manovra. Il Cdr e la redazione hanno stigmatizzato la deriva che vede gli intervistati scegliersi gli intervistatori.
La Federazione nazionale della Stampa, l’Associazione Lombarda dei giornalisti e l’Associazione Stampa Romana sono a fianco dei colleghi del Sole 24 Ore e ribadiscono che fare uscire il quotidiano malgrado lo sciopero compatto della redazione è un atto grave e inaccettabile. Oggi, la battaglia dei giornalisti del Sole 24 Ore è una battaglia di tutti in difesa del giornalismo. Editori e direttori non possono usare i giornalisti a loro piacimento, scavalcandoli quando il diktat è utilizzare un intervistatore gradito.
“L’edizione del Sole 24 Ore in edicola oggi nonostante lo sciopero proclamato dalla redazione – commenta Alessandra Costante, segretaria generale della Fnsi – scrive una pagina nera nella storia di uno dei quotidiani più importanti del Paese. Non solo: infanga e sminuisce l’altissima professionalità dei colleghi che ci lavorano. Lo sciopero indetto dal Cdr è a difesa della dignità del giornalismo professionale, della qualità dell’informazione e della sua indipendenza. Penso – conclude Costante – che neppure la presidente del Consiglio avrebbe voluto vedere la sua intervista uscire in un’edizione del Sole che fa carta straccia di tutti i fondamentali dell’informazione libera e democratica”.
Mario Tobino – Per le antiche scale freezonemagazine.com/articoli/… La follia, potrei dirlo con quasi assoluta certezza, probabilmente si perdona solo alle menti geniali che hanno portato e portano un beneficio all’umanità, ancor di più se sono artisti e soprattutto se la loro arte arriva o è arrivata a più gente possibile, perché vuol dire che le loro opere hanno quel filo sottile intriso […] L'articolo Mario Tobino – Per le antiche scale proviene da
From 1945 to 1955, a British aeronautical company called Napier & Son produced not just one but two versions of an intricate hybrid piston engine, which they named the Napier Nomad. The post-World War II era saw the development of several fascinating (and highly complex) piston-powered aeronautical engines alongside the emerging gas turbine engine designs. During this period, gas turbines were inefficient, unreliable, and primarily used for military applications. The (then) British Ministry of Supply commissioned the design and creation of a more fuel-efficient piston engine for aeronautical purposes, both military and civil, aiming to achieve gas turbine-like power while maintaining piston engine efficiency. Quite the challenge!
The specification aimed for 6000 hp and optimal fuel efficiency for long-range use. Napier knew gas turbines were limited by maximum operating temperature, constrained by available materials, which increased fuel consumption and reduced range. Piston engines operated at higher peak temperatures. They considered combining both principles to create a superior design, a concept suggested by aeronautical engineer Sir Harry Ricardo, who had consulted for Napier on other projects. Their complex solution was to build a gas turbine with a two-stroke diesel engine as the combustion chamber, merging the benefits of both.
This liquid-cooled, horizontally opposed 12-cylinder two-stroke diesel engine featured a piston-ported design with shared crank pins in a fork and blade arrangement. Its two-stroke configuration vastly reduces pull loads on the conrods, allowing for lighter one-sided half bearings. The six-throw crankshaft ensured excellent primary and secondary balancing. A simplified diagram of this behemoth. The intercooler was not fitted. The piston-ported design of the Nomad relies on a supercharger for efficiency, using a crank-driven centrifugal compressor. Notably, the three-stage exhaust turbine also drives the same compressor shaft. One propeller is gear-driven from the diesel engine, while the second contrarotating propeller is powered directly from the compressor shaft through a second gearbox. It’s quite a unique machine!
To enhance take-off power, the engine is equipped with a kind of afterburner. This feature utilises a fuel injector in the exhaust of the diesel engine to increase the flow of exhaust gases, thereby generating more power for the turbine and providing additional thrust. To maximise efficiency and extract every possible bit of power from the exhaust gases, a valve can be opened to direct some of these gases to a secondary exhaust turbine that operates alongside the main unit. Despite the early optimistic power requirement, the Nomad I produced a total power of 3000 hp, with an additional 319 lbf of usable thrust contributed by the exhaust turbine.
We won’t go into the second version of the (never constructed) engine, the Nomad II; you can watch the video yourselves for that. Suffice it to say, simplification was possible, with yet more innovation. It’s a pity the whole program was cancelled and the engines never saw any usage beyond initial test flights.
If this engine sits firmly at one end of the complexity scale, then this DIY single-cylinder two-stroke surely sits at the other? And whilst we’re still thinking about piston engines, does anyone remember this neat free-piston engine?
La decentralizzazione consente una maggiore personalizzazione nel modo in cui ogni server viene moderato e gestito, inclusa la gestione della privacy dei dati. Allo stesso tempo, la mancanza di una supervisione centrale implica che nessuno sia realmente "responsabile" dell'ecosistema dei server nel suo complesso.
Nel recente articolo di Sohyeon Hwang, Priyanka Nanayakkara e Yan Shvartzshnaider, Trust and Friction: Negotiating How Information Flows Through Decentralized Social Media (pre-print qui ), abbiamo intervistato amministratori e membri del server (n=23) per esaminare sia ciò che spinge le persone a considerare i server della community come custodi affidabili dei dati delle persone , sia le nuove sfide per la privacy che derivano da un'infrastruttura decentralizzata
Ecco un riassunto;
I protocolli decentralizzati dei social media consentono agli utenti di interagire tra loro su server indipendenti e ospitati dagli utenti (ovvero istanze) mentre si autogovernano. Questo modello di governance dei social media basato sulla comunità apre nuove opportunità per un processo decisionale personalizzato sui flussi di informazioni, ovvero quali dati degli utenti vengono condivisi, con chi e quando, e, di conseguenza, per la protezione della privacy degli utenti. Per comprendere meglio come la governance della comunità modella le aspettative sulla privacy sui social media decentralizzati, abbiamo condotto un'intervista semi-strutturata con 23 utenti di Fediverse, un social network decentralizzato. I nostri risultati illustrano fattori importanti che influenzano la comprensione dei flussi di informazioni da parte di una comunità, come le regole e gli sforzi proattivi degli amministratori percepiti come affidabili. Evidenziamo le "frizioni di governance" tra le comunità che sollevano nuovi rischi per la privacy dovuti a incompatibilità di valori, pratiche di sicurezza e software. I nostri risultati evidenziano le sfide uniche dei social media decentralizzati, suggeriscono opportunità di progettazione per affrontare le frizioni e delineano il ruolo del processo decisionale partecipativo per realizzare il pieno potenziale della decentralizzazione.
Se la segui puoi leggere tutte le discussioni italiane sul Fediverso che vengono pubblicate su di essa. Se invece vuoi pubblicare da Mastodon un thread su quella comunità, puoi menzionarla in un nuovo messaggio e la prima riga del tuo post diventerà il titolo della discussione.
Scientists Discover Rogue Star-Eating Black Hole Far From Home
Welcome back to the Abstract! Here are the studies this week that mounted a defense, felt out of place, found new life, and resurrected the gods of yore.
First, a tale of pregnant stinkbugs, parasitic wasps, and fungi weapons that is fit for a rebooted Aesop fable. Then, a fast food stop for an errant black hole; a new cast of worms, mollusks, and “tusk-shells” from the deep sea; and a friendly reminder to REPENT, SINNERS, or suffer divine wrath.
I also wanted to give another quick shoutout to my book First Contact: The Story of Our Obsession with Aliens, which is now out in the wild. And if you’d like to keep up with news about the book, alien lore, and my other goings-on, subscribe to my personal newsletter the BeX Files.
For years, scientists assumed that the weird lumps on the hindlegs of some female stinkbugs were used as auditory organs to perceive sound. A new study reveals that the function of these “tympanum” organs is, in fact, way weirder: They are miniature fungi farms that the “gravid” (pregnant) females use to culture “hyphae” (fungal filaments) to grow anti-wasp coatings for their eggs.
“To address the question of the function of the tympanum, we investigated the Japanese dinidorid stinkbug Megymenum gracilicorne and discovered that this stinkbug’s hindleg organ is not auditory but a previously unknown type of symbiotic organ,” said researchers led by Takanori Nishino of the University of Tsukuba.
“We observed that the gravid females laid eggs in a row, and when each egg was deposited, the females rhythmically scratched the fungus-covered hindleg organ with the tarsal claws of the opposite hindleg and rubbed the egg surface, smearing the fungi onto the eggs,” the team said. “Within a few days, the fungal hyphae grew to cover the entire egg mass. On hatching, the hyphae attached to the body surface of newborn nymphs, although the fungi were subsequently lost as the nymphs molted and grew.” Image: Nishino, Takanori et al. Don’t you just love the smell of fungus-covered eggs in the morning? Probably not, and that’s the point. Parasitic wasps like to go around ovipositing (laying their young) inside the eggs of other bugs, but the team discovered they were repeatedly thwarted by the stinkbug shield.
“In the experimental arena, the female wasps approached both the fungus-removed eggs and the fungus-covered eggs,” the researchers said. “Immediately after antennal drumming on the egg surface, the female wasps only oviposited on the cleaned eggs… It is notable that wasps still approached egg masses fully covered by fungal hyphae, despite showing intense self-grooming, which suggested that the hyphae were adherent.”
That’s what these wasps get for trying to mooch off stinkbug eggs: a faceful of sticky fungal goo that’s going to take some very intense self-grooming to remove. To that end, the team concluded that “the fungi selectively cultured on the female’s hindleg organ of M. gracilicorne are transferred to eggs to act as a physical defense against parasitic wasp attack.”
As the old adage goes, never judge a stinkbug by her conspicuous tympanal organs.
In other news…
Who left a supermassive black hole all the way over here?
When stars wander too close to black holes, they are torn apart by extreme tidal forces, producing radiant light shows called tidal disruption events (TDEs). Astronomers have witnessed these events countless times near the central nucleus of distant galaxies, which are occupied by supermassive black holes, but a team has now captured an unprecedented glimpse of an “off-nuclear” TDE far from the galactic core.
The event, called AT 2024tvd, involved a black hole with a possible mass of up to 10 million Suns. While it’s a pretty typical enormous black hole, what’s weird is that it was spotted eating a star about 2,600 light years from the nucleus of a distant galaxy, which produced the unusual TDE. Scientists have seen a few dim hints of these off-nuclear events, but this is the first to be clearly captured in bright radio waves.
“AT 2024tvd is the first radio-bright, bona fide off-nuclear TDE, and it is also the TDE with the fastest evolution observed to date,” said researchers led by Itai Sfaradi of the University of California, Berkeley.
The team speculate that the black hole might have been gravitationally kicked into the galaxy after a dust-up with other, bigger black holes elsewhere. While that sounds like a tumultuous backstory, at least this black hole was able to grab a stellar bite along the way.
Meet the newest invertebrates on the deep-ocean block in a study that identified 14 previously unknown species from remote marine regions around the world. These taxonomic newcomers include the carnivorous sombrero-shaped molluskMyonera aleutiana, the gummy-bear-esque wormSpinther bohnorum, and the aptly nicknamed “tusk shell” (it looks like a tusk) Laevidentalium wiesei.
“Despite centuries of exploration, marine invertebrate biodiversity remains notably under-described,” said researchers with theSenckenberg Ocean Species Alliance (SOSA), an international collaboration that was “founded to help meet this challenge.” Ferreiraella charazata. Image: Senckenberg Ocean Species Alliance While all of the newly identified species are fascinating, I have a selfish soft spot for Ferreiraella charazata (no relation to me, or any of the two million Ferreiras in the world). This deep-sea chiton species belongs to a broader genus established by researcher A.J. Ferreira several decades ago.
The new Ferreiraella chiton was found in some sunken wood two miles under the sea and is described as having a “very large girdle” and “epibiotic tubeworms on its tail valves,” bringing extra pizazz to the family name.
Here’s an out-of-the-box idea to save the environment: Bring back vengeful gods and spirits. In a truly delightful study, scientists explore the benefits of perceived supernatural punishment on the preservation of natural ecosystems with mathematical game theory outlined in the following illustration: A visual summary of the game theory approach. Image: Shibasaki, Shota et al. “Japanese folklore includes episodes where spirits of nature (e.g., mountains and trees) punish or avenge people who develop or overuse natural resources,” said researchers led by Shota Shibasaki of Doshisha University. “Similarly, the Batak people of Palawan Island in the Philippines believe in the forest spirits that punish people who overexploit or waste forest resources. Itzá Maya, Guatemala, also views forest spirits as punitively protecting local forests against exploitation.”
This is the most galaxy-brained math paper I’ve ever read. Ultimately, the results suggest that “supernatural beliefs could play an important role in achieving sustainability.” So let’s break out the talismans and start casting eco-friendly spells because I, for one, welcome our divine treehugging overlords.
Despite centuries of exploration, marine invertebrate biodiversity remains notably under-described. The majority of species in major marine groups are still unnamed, limiting our ability to understand and conserve ecosystems facing rapid environmenta…
@Notizie dall'Italia e dal mondo Gli Stati Uniti respingono le accuse di violazione dei termini del cessate il fuoco mosse da Tel Aviv ad Hamas. I corpi degli ostaggi sono stati consegnati secondo i termini, mentre Israele continua a uccidere palestinesi e tiene chiuso il valico di Rafah L'articolo GAZA. Israele continua
@Notizie dall'Italia e dal mondo La caduta di Boluarte non porta cambiamento: il nuovo presidente, vicino ai militari, risponde alle mobilitazioni con la forza. Un giovane artista è stato ucciso durante le protestehttps://pagineesteri.it/2025/10/18/america-latina/peru-boluarte-se-ne-va-ma-in-piazza-si-continua-a-morire/
@Giornalismo e disordine informativo articolo21.org/2025/10/la-risc… Un testo imprescindibile per comprendere, con profondità di analisi, una storia finalmente inclusiva dei “primi custodi del giardino” americano. In libreria, con Neri Pozza, per la collana I Colibrì, un saggio di grande impatto sul
chissà perché ci avrei scommesso.... alla fine trump è trump. delusa forse ma non stupita. ricordo solo quando trump criticava biden di non aver fatto abbastanza.... perché con uno più deciso come lui sarebbe già dovuta essere finita...
Alla terza visita del 2025 alla Casa Bianca, il presidente ucraino incassa una nuova delusione. Per il leader americano dare i missili a lungo raggio a Kiev 'sarebbe un'escalation' e rimanda ogni decisione a dopo l'incontro con Putin a Budapest Axios…
@Giornalismo e disordine informativo articolo21.org/2025/10/rff20-l… Un inno al tempo lento che salva la terra Il cinema italiano, quello che sa toccare corde civili e al tempo stesso far vibrare l’anima, ha trovato la sua voce in ‘La vita va così’ di Riccardo Milani. Scelto non a caso come film
This is Behind the Blog, where we share our behind-the-scenes thoughts about how a few of our top stories of the week came together. This week, we discuss crowdsourced resistance and a big government data dump.
SAM: I don’t want to say it’s rare that we publish positive stories. We post more of those than people probably even realize, because the gnarly stories are the ones that go viral, or are talked about by your friends or aggregated by other news outlets. A “scoop” is almost never a happy story because often they’re predicated on information someone in a position of power didn’t want the world to know. But it’s definitely less common for us to report on things that makes you feel good or hopeful than things that make you go “oh shit” or “Jesus fucking Christ,” I will admit.
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Creator of Infamous AI Painting Tells Court He's a Real Artist
In 2022, Jason Allen outraged artists around the world when he won the Colorado State Fair Fine Arts Competition with a piece of AI-generated art. A month later, he tried to copyright the pictures, got denied, and started a fight with the U.S. Copyright Office (USCO) that dragged on for three years. In August, he filed a new brief he hopes will finally give him a copyright over the image Midjourney made for him, called Théâtre D’opéra Spatial. He’s also set to start selling oil-print reproductions of the image.
A press release announcing both the filing and the sale claims these prints “[evoke] the unmistakable gravitas of a hand-painted masterwork one might find in a 19th-century oil painting.” The court filing is also defensive of Allen’s work. “It would be impossible to describe the Work as ‘garden variety’—the Work literally won a state art competition,” it said. playlist.megaphone.fm?p=TBIEA2… “So many have said I’m not an artist and this isn’t art,” Allen said in a press release announcing both the oil-print sales and the court filing. “Being called an artist or not doesn’t concern me, but the work and my expression of it do. I asked myself, what could make this undeniably art? What if I could create Théâtre D’opéra Spatial as if it were physically created by hand? Not actually, of course, but what if I could achieve that using technology? Surely that would be the answer.”
Allen’s 2022 win at the Colorado State Fair was an inflection point. The beta version for the image generation software Midjourney had launched a few months before the competition and AI-generated images were still a novelty. We were years away from the nightmarish tide of slop we all live with today, but the piece was highly controversial and represented one of the first major incursions of AI-generated work into human spaces.
Théâtre D’opéra Spatial was big news at the time. It shook artistic communities and people began to speak out against AI-generated art. Many learned that their works had been fed into the training data for these massive data hungry art generators like Midjourney. About a month after he won the competition and courted controversy, Allen applied for a copyright of the image. The USCO rejected it. He’s been filing appeals ever since and has thus far lost every one.
The oil-prints represent an attempt to will the AI-generated image into a physical form called an “elegraph.” These won’t be hand painted versions of the picture Midjourney made. Instead, they’ll employ a 3D printing technique that uses oil paints to create a reproduction of the image as if a human being made it, complete—Allen claimed—with brushstrokes.
“People said anyone could copy my work online, sell it, and I would have no recourse. They’re not technically wrong,” Allen said in the press release. “If we win my case, copyright will apply retroactively. Regardless, they’ll never reproduce the elegraph. This artifact is singular. It’s real. It’s the answer to the petulant idea that this isn’t art. Long live Art 2.0.”
The elegraph is the work of a company called Arius which is most famous for working with museums to conduct high quality scans of real paintings that capture the individual brushstrokes of masterworks. According to Allen’s press release, Arius’ elegraphs of Théâtre D’opéra Spatial will make the image appear as if it is a hand painted piece of art through “a proprietary technique that translates digital creation into a physical artifact indistinguishable in presence and depth from the great oil paintings of history…its textures, lighting, brushwork, and composition, all recalling the timeless mastery of the European salons.”
Allen and his lawyers filed a request for a summary judgement with the U.S. District Court of Colorado on August 8, 2025. The 44 page legal argument rehashes many of the appeals and arguments Allen and his lawyers have made about the AI-generated image over the past few years.
“He created his image, in part, by providing hundreds of iterative text prompts to an artificial intelligence (“AI”)-based system called Midjourney to help express his intellectual vision,” it said. “Allen produced this artwork using ‘hundreds of iterations’ of prompts, and after he ‘experimented with over 600 prompts,’ he cropped and completed the final Work, touching it up manually and upscaling using additional software.”
Allen’s argument is that prompt engineering is an artistic process and even though a machine made the final image, he says he should be considered the artist because he told the machine what to do. “In the Board’s view, Mr. Allen’s actions as described do not make him the author of the Midjourney Image because his sole contribution to the Midjourney Image was inputting the text prompt that produced it,” a 2023 review of previous rejections by the USCO said.
During its various investigations into the case, the USCO did a lot of research into how Midjourney and other AI-image generators work. “It is the Office’s understanding that, because Midjourney does not treat text prompts as direct instructions, users may need to attempt hundreds of iterations before landing upon an image they find satisfactory. This appears to be the case for Mr. Allen, who experimented with over 600 prompts,” its 2023 review said.
This new filing is an attempt by Allen and his lawyers to get around these previous judgements and appeal to higher courts by accusing the USCO of usurping congressional authority. “The filing argues that by attempting to redefine the term “author” (a power reserved to Congress) the Copyright Office has acted beyond its lawful authority, effectively placing itself above judicial and legislative oversight.”
We’ll see how well that plays in court. In the meantime, Allen is selling oil-prints of the image Midjourney made for him.
#NoiSiamoLeScuole questa settimana è dedicato all’ITS Academy Campania Moda. Grazie ai fondi del #PNRR destinati alla realizzazione di laboratori professionalizzanti e all’ampliamento delle attività didattiche degli ITS, l’Istituto ha potuto migliora…
#NoiSiamoLeScuole questa settimana è dedicato all’ITS Academy Campania Moda. Grazie ai fondi del #PNRR destinati alla realizzazione di laboratori professionalizzanti e all’ampliamento delle attività didattiche degli ITS, l’Istituto ha potuto migliora…
As protesters paint signs for another round of “No Kings” demonstrations this Saturday, journalists are getting ready in their own way: Charging camera batteries, notifying emergency contacts, and rinsing old tear gas off their shatter-resistant goggles.
At similar events since June, well over a hundred journalists have been injured, detained, or arrested by police. Now two cities — Los Angeles, California, and Chicago, Illinois — are expecting their largest protests since federal judges issued multiple rulings exempting the press from general dispersal orders and restricting law enforcement use of “less lethal” munitions.
Those are big wins on paper, but only if you know how to use them.
The law exists in two separate but unequal places: the court and the street. And you’ll never win a philosophical argument on a skirmish line.
Sure, you’re probably right. You’re armed with the First Amendment. But the average police officer is armed with a baton, handcuffs, body armor, tear gas, and at least a couple of guns. They may also be tired, overwhelmed, hungry, and see you standing between them and a bathroom break.
As they’ve been known to say, “You can beat the rap, but you can’t beat the ride.”
It’s no longer “Listen to me,” it’s ideally “Here’s a signed order from your boss.”
Covering a protest, an immigration raid, or an immigration hearing is no place to give up your rights. Instead, you can learn to invoke them more effectively.
The press is one of two professions (alongside religious practitioners) distinguished by its constitutionally guaranteed freedoms. Policing is the opposite, marked by rigid command structure and a sworn duty to enforce very specific codes and regulations.
But cops are supposed to be trained and held accountable by their department. They shouldn’t need reminding of the law they’re supposed to uphold. And it’s not the job of journalists to train them.
As professional communicators, journalists may find it more productive to translate conversations into the language of law enforcement.
For example, in California, it won’t get you very far to tell an officer you’re exempt from dispersal orders thanks to “Senate Bill 98.” You might be talking to a kid fresh out of the police academy or a detective pulled off desk duty to earn overtime. They have no idea what passed the statehouse four years ago. At best, they’re trained to speak in terms of “penal code.” Mentioning “Penal Code 409.7,” the statute established by that bill, might be your better ticket out of handcuffs. (This state law only applies to local law enforcement, not to federal operations like Immigration or Customs Enforcement or other Department of Homeland Security agencies.)
For journalists in the Chicago and Los Angeles areas, recent court rulings, including one for the LA Press Club in which I’m a plaintiff, have made things much clearer. Ideally you don’t need to print out 80 pages of preliminary injunctions. An officer will likely ignore that anyway, figuring it’s up to department lawyers to interpret. Instead, try to print the version of orders their boss(’s boss’s boss) was required to issue. The following list of PDFs are being updated as those materials are released by each agency, so use your judgment and print what might be applicable to your situation.
This is an earlier version based on an initial TRO. It will be updated with a newer version based on a more recent preliminary injunction, which is even more favorable to press.
DHS has not shared details on how this order was distributed. As a longer document, you may wish to only print the cover page along with pages 43 to 45, which contain the injunction itself.
This puts things in law enforcement terms — from the top of their command structure. It’s no longer “Listen to me,” it’s ideally “Here’s a signed order from your boss.”
You want a printed copy, since your phone could run out of battery, be lost, or shatter. And it’s never a good idea to hand your unlocked phone to police. Also, if you need to pull out these orders (or a press pass), state clearly what you’re reaching for before placing your hand in a pocket or bag. Officers don’t love those sorts of unannounced movements.
A piece of paper isn’t much of a shield from a raging officer swinging a baton and screaming, “Leave the area.” But if you can engage with them, you want to ensure the precious few words that they hear will resonate. And it bears repeating: Everyone has a boss.
Protests involve a lot of turnover on the front line, so you may never see the same officer twice. If possible, communicate early and often. Ask to meet a supervisor or public information officer during a calm moment, and get their name so you can ask for them if you have trouble later on.
Unfortunately, even a signed order from the chief isn’t always a “get out of jail free” card. After a temporary restraining order was issued against the LAPD this summer, officers still put several journalists in zip ties during a protest. Two lawyers who had won the TRO showed up with a copy of official paperwork instructing officers to leave press alone. After they handed it to the incident commander, police still drove two photojournalists away in the back of a squad car.
The LAPD later suggested those photographers were ”pretending to be media.” The pair’s credits include The Atlantic, The New Yorker, Business Insider, The Washington Post, New York Magazine, Rolling Stone, Mother Jones, and even a cover for Time magazine.
A federal judge later wrote of the LAPD, “The Court expresses no approval for this conduct. To the contrary, the evidence presented is disturbing and, at the very least, shows that Defendants violated the spirit if not the letter of the Court’s initial restraining order.”
Of course, the photojournalists beat the rap. But they didn’t beat the ride.
Attending a protest outside of LA or Chicago? You still have First Amendment rights, even if you don’t have a court order. The U.S. Press Freedom Tracker has been investigating and documenting serious violations in cities from New York to Portland, Oregon. If you experience or witness law enforcement violating press rights anywhere in the country, please send us tips and any available evidence to tips@pressfreedomtracker.us.
It’s been two weeks since Atlanta journalist Mario Guevara was deported and 207 days since Rümeysa Öztürk was arrested for co-writing an op-ed. Read on for more about this weekend’s planned protests, actions you can take to protect journalists, and events you can catch us at this month.
When the law’s on your side but ICE doesn’t care
As protesters paint signs for another round of “No Kings” demonstrations this Saturday, journalists are getting ready in their own way: charging camera batteries, notifying emergency contacts, and rinsing old tear gas residue off their shatter-resistant goggles.
Two cities — Los Angeles, California, and Chicago, Illinois — are expecting their largest protests since federal judges issued multiple rulings exempting the press from general dispersal orders and restricting law enforcement’s use of “less lethal” munitions.
Those are big wins for journalists, but only if they know how to use them. Our new deputy director of advocacy at Freedom of the Press Foundation (FPF), Adam Rose, wrote about how journalists can prepare for the weekend. Read more here.
Administration ignores flotilla abuses
Three U.S. journalists have been abducted from aid flotillas bound for Gaza and detained by Israel. All three reported experiencing or witnessing abuse and even torture.
Photojournalist Noa Avishag Schnall recalled, “I was hung from the metal shackles on my wrists and ankles and beaten in the stomach, back, face, ear and skull by a group of men and women guards, one of whom sat on my neck and face, blocking my airways … Our cell was awoken with threats of rape.”
Jewish Currents reporter Emily Wilder said she “announced … ‘I’m a journalist, I’m press.’ The woman to my left hissed, ‘We don’t give a fuck,’ and the other dug her nails into my scalp and pulled me by my hair across the port.”
In normal times, this would be a major scandal. We joined Defending Rights & Dissent and others in a letter to Secretary of State Marco Rubio explaining what should be obvious — the U.S. shouldn’t sit silently as its ally assaults its journalists. Read it here.
First rule of Qatari jets? Don’t talk about Qatari jets
We sued the Trump administration for refusing to share its legal rationale for approving the president’s acceptance of a $400 million jet from the Qatari government, despite the Constitution saying he can’t do that. Now the administration wants to strike our complaint, claiming the background discussion of the gifted jet is “impertinent” and “scandalous.”
That’s rich, especially weeks after the president’s frivolous defamation lawsuit against The New York Times got dismissed for rambling on about how he was once on WrestleMania and “The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air” (he’s since filed an amended complaint).
If fewer newspapers exist to request public records, does the government become less transparent? That’s the question at the heart of “Dark Deserts,” a new research paper by David Cuillier of the Freedom of Information Project at the Brechner Center for Advancement of the First Amendment and law student Brett Posner-Ferdman.
Cuillier told us about what he and Posner-Ferdman found and what it means for the public’s right to know. Read the interview here.
Standing with student journalists
Last week we told you about the lawsuit filed by The Stanford Daily to stop the Trump administration’s unconstitutional and appalling push to deport foreign students who say or write things it doesn’t like.
This week we joined the American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California, the First Amendment Coalition, and others in a legal brief in support of that important lawsuit.
The Senate passed Sens. Ted Cruz and Amy Klobuchar’s bill to protect themselves — but not you — from data broker abuses and otherwise allow federal lawmakers to censor the internet.
FPF’s Caitlin Vogus wrote for The Dallas Morning News about how the bill threatens journalism — for example, by stifling reporting on its co-sponsor vacationing while his constituents endure natural disasters. Read more here.
Pentagon reporters have now turned in their badges – but plan to keep reporting (The Guardian). Journalists told The Guardian, “the restrictions won’t stop the work, with some even saying they plan to take a more aggressive tack.” Good. The policy is highly unconstitutional, but it’s an opportunity to omit Pentagon lies and spin from reporting.
LAPD wants judge to lift an order restricting use of force against the press (LAist). Rose, who is also press rights chair for the LA Press Club, said that “Instead of holding the department accountable, the city is spending even more money to hire an outside law firm so they can effectively beg a judge for permission to keep assaulting journalists for just doing their job.”
Oct. 22: Join FPF’s Adam Rose and others on Oct. 22 at 3 p.m. EDT for an online conversation hosted by the American Constitution Society about the impact of federal law enforcement violence on your First Amendment rights. Register here.
Oct. 24: If you’re in Chicago and fortunate enough to not have to hide from ICE invaders, come to Northwestern for a panel on Oct. 24 at 10 a.m. CT featuring FPF Advocacy Director Seth Stern. We’ll discuss the numerous digital and physical challenges journalists are facing. Register here.
Oct. 29: FPF’s Caitlin Vogus will join an online panel of experts to break down how the Federal Communications Commission and Federal Trade Commission are targeting journalists and the First Amendment and how to fight back. Register here for the Center for Democracy and Technology’s Future of Speech 2025, “Working the Refs” panel on Oct. 29 at 12:10 p.m. EDT.
That same day, join us for a conversation about making public records-based reporting free, featuring Vogus as well as our Chair on Government Secrecy Lauren Harper, in conversation with leadership at Wired and 404 Media, including Wired global editorial director and FPF board member Katie Drummond. The event starts at 2 p.m. EDT; RSVP on Zoom here.
Oct. 30: Join an online discussion on Oct. 30 at 1 p.m. EDT about digital safety and legal rights for journalists reporting on immigration in the U.S., featuring FPF Director of Digital Security Harlo Holmes and several other experts from the U.S. Journalist Assistance Network. Register here.
Dopo tanto lavoro, Ghost ha finalmente attivato la federazione Activitypub (e non solo). Ma quali sono le newsletter e i blog italiani basati su #Ghost?
Grazie per la citazione! Felice che si stia sviluppando una community italiana anche qui. Speriamo che Ghost diventi presto più di un'opzione per chi vuole produrre contenuti di qualità. Noi, intanto, ci siamo✌️
“Il sito comprato da Ama per realizzare l’inceneritore alla cifra astronomica di sette milioni e mezzo di euro è oggetto di indagini della Procura di Roma e della Corte dei conti è contaminato” è quanto dichiara in una nota l’Unione dei Comitati contro l’inceneritore.
“A metterlo nero su bianco – precisa la nota dell’Unione dei Comitati - sono le indagini di caratterizzazione ambientale del suolo svolte nel primo semestre del 2024 da Acea Infrastrutture che hanno evidenziato molteplici superamenti delle CSC per idrocarburi pesanti e degli IPA. Appaiono particolarmente gravi – incalzano dall’Unione dei Comitati - le omissioni di Ama e dell’Amministrazione capitolina. La municipalizzata ha omesso di avviare le procedure obbligatorie attuando le misure di prevenzione stabilite dall'articolo 242 del codice dell’ambiente mentre l’amministrazione capitolina guidata da Gualtieri ha proseguito l’iter che ha portato alla validazione del progetto in un sito contaminato. L’amministrazione capitolina ha pertanto ignorato il principio di precauzione di derivazione europea stabilito che avrebbe imposto di indagare, origine, estensione e profondità della contaminazione la cui origine antropica in relazione agli idrocarburi pesanti e agli IPA è fuori discussione. “Nell’ambito delle osservazioni alla VIA e sulla base del principio di precauzione stabilito dall’ articolo 191 del Trattato sul funzionamento dell’Unione europea – concludono dall’Unione – abbiamo pertanto chiesto di sospendere la VIA e il PAUR fin quando non fosse completato l’espletamento dell’insieme delle procedure obbligatorie necessarie alla caratterizzazione del sito. Infine, abbiamo sollecitato un intervento in autotutela finalizzato al previo espletamento delle procedure di caratterizzazione del sito accompagnato dalla sospensione della VIA e del PAUR evitando il danno erariale legato ai maggiori costi da sostenere per la bonifica per l’avvio in fasi successive”.
@Notizie dall'Italia e dal mondo Secondo un'inchiesta, cinque paesi arabi hanno creato in segreto con Israele una struttura per la sicurezza regionale coordinata dagli Stati Uniti e diretta contro l'Iran L'articolo USA, pagineesteri.it/2025/10/17/med…
La riforma del giugno 2024 ha segnato un punto di svolta nella struttura del ministero della Difesa, separando per la prima volta la figura del segretario generale da quella del direttore nazionale degli armamenti. Una scelta che mira a garantire efficienza e chiarezza di
La trasformazione digitale, quindi l’IA, come metro per capire dove e come le attività di intelligence stanno cambiando passo e strumenti. E al contempo la capacità dei decisori, da un lato di comprendere rapidamente e fino in fondo strategie e
Scattered LAPSUS$ Hunters—one of the latest amalgamations of typically young, reckless, and English-speaking hackers—posted the apparent phone numbers and addresses of hundreds of government officials, including nearly 700 from DHS.#News
Hackers Dox Hundreds of DHS, ICE, FBI, and DOJ Officials
A group of hackers from the Com, a loose-knit community behind some of the most significant data breaches in recent years, have posted the names and personal information of hundreds of government officials, including people working for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE).
“I want my MONEY MEXICO,” a user of the Scattered LAPSUS$ Hunters Telegram channel, which is a combination of a series of other hacking group names associated with the Com, posted on Thursday. The message was referencing a claim from the DHS that Mexican cartels have begun offering thousands of dollars for doxing agents. The U.S. government has not provided any evidence for this claim.
💡 Do you know anything else about this data dump? Do you work for any of the agencies impacted? I would love to hear from you. Using a non-work device, you can message me securely on Signal at joseph.404 or send me an email at joseph@404media.co.
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Wikipedia Says AI Is Causing a Dangerous Decline in Human Visitors
The Wikimedia Foundation, the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia, says that it’s seeing a significant decline in human traffic to the online encyclopedia because more people are getting the information that’s on Wikipedia via generative AI chatbots that were trained on its articles and search engines that summarize them without actually clicking through to the site.
The Wikimedia Foundation said that this poses a risk to the long term sustainability of Wikipedia.
“We welcome new ways for people to gain knowledge. However, AI chatbots, search engines, and social platforms that use Wikipedia content must encourage more visitors to Wikipedia, so that the free knowledge that so many people and platforms depend on can continue to flow
Sustainably,” the Foundation’s Senior Director of Product Marshall Miller said in a blog post. “With fewer visits to Wikipedia, fewer volunteers may grow and enrich the content, and fewer individual donors may support this work.”
Ironically, while generative AI and search engines are causing a decline in direct traffic to Wikipedia, its data is more valuable to them than ever. Wikipedia articles are some of the most common training data for AI models, and Google and other platforms have for years mined Wikipedia articles to power its Snippets and Knowledge Panels, which siphon traffic away from Wikipedia itself.
“Almost all large language models train on Wikipedia datasets, and search engines and social media platforms prioritize its information to respond to questions from their users,” Miller said. That means that people are reading the knowledge created by Wikimedia volunteers all over the internet, even if they don’t visit wikipedia.org— this human-created knowledge has become even more important to the spread of reliable information online.”
Miller said that in May 2025 Wikipedia noticed unusually high amounts of apparently human traffic originating mostly from Brazil. He didn’t go into details, but explained this caused the Foundation to update its bot detections systems.
“After making this revision, we are seeing declines in human pageviews on Wikipedia over the past few months, amounting to a decrease of roughly 8% as compared to the same months in 2024,” he said. “We believe that these declines reflect the impact of generative AI and social media on how people seek information, especially with search engines providing answers directly to searchers, often based on Wikipedia content.”
Miller told me in an email that Wikipedia has policies for third-party bots that crawl its content, such as specifying identifying information and following its robots.txt, and limits on request rate and concurrent requests.
“For obvious reasons, we can’t share details publicly about how exactly we block and detect bots,” he said. “In the case of the adjustment we made to data over the past few months, we observed a substantial increase over the level of traffic we expected, centering on a particular region, and there wasn’t a clear reason for it. When our engineers and analysts investigated the data, they discovered a new pattern of bot behavior, designed to appear human. We then adjusted our detection systems and re-applied them to the past several months of data. Because our bot detection has evolved over time, we can’t make exact comparisons – but this adjustment is showing the decline in human pageviews.”
The Foundation’s findings align with other research we’ve seen recently. In July, the Pew Research Center found that only 1 percent of Google searches resulted in the users clicking on the link in the AI summary, which takes them to the page Google is summarizing. In April, the Foundation previously reported that it was getting hammered by AI scrapers, a problem that has also plagued libraries, archives, and museums. Wikipedia editors are also acutely aware of the risk generative AI poses to the reliability of Wikipedia articles if its use is not moderated effectively. Human pageviews to all language versions of Wikipedia since September 2021, with revised pageviews since April 2025Image: Wikimedia Foundation. “These declines are not unexpected. Search engines are increasingly using generative AI to provide answers directly to searchers rather than linking to sites like ours,” Miller said. “And younger generations are seeking information on social video platforms rather than the open web. This gradual shift is not unique to Wikipedia. Many other publishers and content platforms are reporting similar shifts as users spend more time on search engines, AI chatbots, and social media to find information. They are also experiencing the strain that these companies are putting on their infrastructure.”
Miller said that the Foundation is “enforcing policies, developing a framework for attribution, and developing new technical capabilities” in order to ensure third-parties responsibly access and reuse Wikipedia content, and continues to "strengthen" its partnerships with search engines and other large “re-users.” The Foundation, he said, is also working on bringing Wikipedia content to younger audiences via YouTube, TikTok, Roblox, and Instagram.
However, Miller also called on users to “choose online behaviors that support content integrity and content creation.”
“When you search for information online, look for citations and click through to the original source material,” he said. “Talk with the people you know about the importance of trusted, human curated knowledge, and help them understand that the content underlying generative AI was created by real people who deserve their support.”
Image: Nishino, Takanori et al.
Ferreiraella charazata. Image: Senckenberg Ocean Species Alliance
A visual summary of the game theory approach. Image: Shibasaki, Shota et al.
Human pageviews to all language versions of Wikipedia since September 2021, with revised pageviews since April 2025 Image: Wikimedia Foundation.
Juan Maria Gomez
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