If you’ve ever watched Predator, you’ve noted the tactical advantage granted to the alien warrior by its heat vision. Indeed, even with otherwise solid camoflauge, Dutch and his squad ended up very much the hunted.

And yet, back in reality, it seems the prey might be the one with the ability to sense in the infrared spectrum. Research has now revealed this unique ability may all be down to the hairs on the back of some of the smallest mammals.

Not By The Hair Of My Backy-Back-Back

Some marsupials and mammals seem to share similar “guard hair” structures, though they diverged evolutionarily as far back as the Jurassic period. Credit: research paper
Small mammals, like shrews and rodents, have fur that combines multiple types of hair into a thick protective coat. The fur must keep the animal warm, relatively dry, and protect it from the elements. But what if it could also protect against predators? For amongst this fur lie special “guard hairs” which researchers now believe act as finely tuned infrared sensors.

Guard hairs only make up maybe 1-3% of the fur. They usually stick out straight, protruding to a degree from the rest of the coat. They also tend to feature a rather distinctive banding pattern not seen on other types of mammalian hair.

For years, the periodic banding patterns observed in the guard hairs of small mammals puzzled scientists. These hairs exhibit internal bands spaced at intervals of 6-12 micrometers. If you’ve recently been staring at a chart of the electromagnetic spectrum, you might realize closely aligning with the wavelengths of infrared radiation. This hinted at an unrecognized function—an ability to sense infrared light, perhaps. Indeed, those wavelengths cover the same part of the infrared spectrum used by heat-seeking missiles and thermal imaging devices.

This was a feature with clear survival benefits for nocturnal and heavily predated animals. It could give a small creature the ability to detect warm heat sources—like a predator—approaching from behind. No need to have eyes on the back of one’s head, nor be forever looking over one’s shoulder. If your thermal sense picks up something warm approaching from behind, it might be worth making a dash action.

Researchers focused their guard hair research on three species: Mus musculus, the house mouse, Antechinus agilis, a mouse-like marsupial, and Sorex araneus, the common shrew. Despite the many differences amongst the species, the guard hairs share some similarities. Their findings showed that despite evolutionary divergences that stretch back millions upon millions of years, these species share highly similar microscopic hair structures that appear to be tuned to wavelengths between 8-12 um—perfect for thermal imaging.
The structure of a guard hair from the house mouse, Mus musculus. Similar guard hairs are found on other rodents. Credit: research paper
Taking the house mouse as the main example, the hairs have a sophisticated structure. The wider sections of guard hairs, referred to as the the “shield,” are believed to act as infrared absorbers. They have a effectively two tubes joined by a membrane, with air cavities spaced at periodic intervals of approximately 10 um. Towards the base of the shield area, the hair narrows, and instead of air cavities, the hair features the characteristic dark bands with similar spacing. It’s believed the narrower sections help focus absorbed infrared energy into the base of the hair. A relatively variable “zipper” section then follows, with dark hemispheres arranged around the axis of the hair. This is believed to act as a “spectral filter” that radiates away wavelengths outside the 8-12 um band. Calculations suggest that the zipper filter means that infrared energy in that critical wavelength range makes up 72% of the “signal” reaching the base of the hair, rather than just 33% otherwise. The final section of the shaft has finer banding, at a spacing of just 6 um.
The structure of the hairs is likened to the structure of a Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG). Credit: Sakurambo, CC BY-SA 3.0
It’s believed that hairs act akin to infrared antennas—with their stiff, straight alignment and periodic banding enabling them to act as thermal detectors. The bands themselves appear to be made of infrared-transparent biological material of varying refractive indexes. Researchers liken this to a man-made invention called a fiber Bragg grating, or FBG. This device uses periodic variation in refractive index of an optical fiber to create a filter for a particular wavelength. Guard hairs could use a biological version of the same mechanism to filter out the infrared wavelength of interest.
The “zipper” section of the hair is believed to act like a spectral filter, radiating out wavelengths that aren’t of interest. Credit: research paper
Meanwhile, to pick up the signal, the animal would need some kind of sensor cell at the base of the hair. Indeed, researchers found that the house mouse does indeed have Merkel cells uniquely located at the base of guard hairs, arranged around the shaft. It’s believed these cells may be responsible for the actual infrared sense, with the hairs themselves just acting as antennas to focus the infrared energy to them.

The researchers also branched out, looking at whether predators may have adapted around this in turn. Notably, they found that cold-blooded snakes were virtually invisible in the thermal infrared range. Similarly, cats are relatively low in thermal emissions from the forward aspect. Both would thus have an advantage at hunting against mammals with a thermal sensing defence mechanism. And indeed, these creatures are particularly adept at hunting mice and other small mammals, as you’d expect!
Guard hairs appear to have different sensory connections compared to other hair types in given mammals. Credit: research paper
The research is still at an early stage. Further work remains to confirm the true purpose of these guard hairs. Regardless, their complex microstructures do provide compelling evidence that they are indeed acting as antennas to capture infrared radiation for sensory purposes.

The discovery of these natural infrared sensors is not just a biological curiosity. It could also serve useful in the field of photonics. The guard hairs’ ability to act as finely tuned infrared antennas could potentially act as inspiration for new optical devices, or to improve on current technologies.
The marsupial Antechinus agilis has a similar structure in the shield area of the guard hair, though differs towards the base. It’s thought it uses the diamond cuticle section to pass infrared radiation around 10 um wavelength, while radiating other wavelengths away. Credit: research paper
Additionally, this research could influence evolutionary biology, providing new insights into the ancient origins of mammalian and marsupial hair. Guard hairs’ resilience over millions of years suggests they played a crucial role in early mammalian survival, possibly dating back to the Triassic period.

In any case, certain tiny mammals have always been wildly capable at evading predators that sneak up from behind. We might now have a secret insight into this little party trick. Perhaps it was never their eyes, or a keen sense of vibration, but a hidden thermal sense that was lurking in the fur all along.

Featured image: “Lab mouse mg 3263” by [Rama]

Tensions between Meta and the EU intensified on Monday (22 July), with the European Commission and European consumer authorities saying the US tech giant may be breaching consumer protection law with its “pay or OK” model.

euractiv.com/section/platforms…

[M Caldeira] had a project in mind: replacing a common vacuum tube with a solid-state equivalent. The tube in question was an EABC80 or 6AK8 triple diode triode. The key was identifying a high-voltage FET and building it, along with some other components, into a tube base to make a plug-in replacement for the tube. You can see a video about the project below.

These tubes are often used as a detector and preamplifier. Removing the detector tube from a working radio, of course, kills the audio. Replacing the tube with a single diode restores the operation of the radio, although at a disadvantage.

From there, he adds more diodes directly into the socket. Of course, diodes don’t amplify, so he had to break out a LND150 MOSFET with a limit of 500 volts across the device. It takes some additional components, and the whole thing fits in a tube base ready for the socket.

Usually, we see people go the other way using tubes instead of transistors in, say, a computer. If you want real hacking, why not make your own tubes?

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Few types of accidents speak as much to the imagination as those involving nuclear fission. From the unimaginable horrors of the nuclear bombs on Nagasaki and Hiroshima, to the fever-pitch reporting about the accidents at Three Mile Island, Chernobyl and Fukushima, all of these have resulted in many descriptions and visualizations which are merely imaginative flights of fancy, with no connection to physical reality. Due to radiation being invisible with the naked eye and the interpretation of radiation measurements in popular media generally restricted to the harrowing noise from a Geiger counter, the reality of nuclear power accidents in said media has become diluted and often replaced with half-truths and outright lies that feed strongly into fear, uncertainty, and doubt.

Why is it that people are drawn more to nuclear accidents than a disaster like that at Bhopal? What is it that makes the one nuclear bomb on Hiroshima so much more interesting than the firebombing of Tokyo or the flattening of Dresden? Why do we fear nuclear power more than dam failures and the heavy toll of air pollution? If we honestly look at nuclear accidents, it’s clear that invariably the panic afterwards did more damage than the event itself. One might postulate that this is partially due to the sensationalist vibe created around these events, and largely due to a poorly informed public when it comes to topics like nuclear fission and radiation. A situation which is worsened by harmful government policies pertaining to things like disaster response, often inspired by scientifically discredited theories like the Linear No-Threshold (LNT) model which killed so many in the USSR and Japan.

In light of a likely restart of Unit 1 of the Three Mile Island nuclear plant in the near future, it might behoove us to wonder what we might learn from the world’s worst commercial nuclear power disasters. All from the difficult perspective of a world where ideology and hidden agendas do not play a role, as we ask ourselves whether we really should fear the atom.

The TMI PR Disaster

Three Mile Island, including the training center and access road. (Credit: Groupmesa, Wikimedia)
What truly happened at the Three Mile Island (TMI) nuclear plant’s #2 reactor on March 28 of 1979? The technical explanation is that the main feedwater pumps in the secondary, non-nuclear, coolant loop failed, which led to a shutdown of the reactor as a whole. As a pressurized water reactor (PWR), the primary coolant loop is pressurized, the levels of which began to increase due to the failed secondary coolant loop and loss of cooling capacity. This triggered a pressure relief valve, which should have closed again when pressure normalized, but due to a technical malfunction it remained open.

The resulting open valve led to a loss-of-coolant situation in the primary coolant loop that went unnoticed in the control room. Due to missing and conflicting information, the operators undertook improper actions that ultimately led to the core overheating and the fuel rods partially melting. During this process, some radioactive gases escaped via the relief valve into the environment surrounding the plant, mostly xenon and krypton isotopes. The effect of this on the local population was estimated to be at most 1.4 millirem (14 µSv), effectively half of a chest X-ray and a fraction of the average annual natural background levels in the US of 3,100 µSv, or ~1% of the local background radiation.

Ultimately, the #2 reactor was quite damaged, and it was decided to decommission it rather than try to repair the damage. Reactor #1 operated uneventfully until 2019 until it was shut down for economic reasons. The lessons learned from the 1979 accident were pivotal for nuclear safety in the US, and is a big part of why for the past decades, nuclear power in the US has been among the safest sources of power.

Objectively considered, the 1979 TMI accident was a big financial loss for the plant owner and investors, but no physical injuries or worse occurred. The real harm of TMI came not from the accident itself, but from the bungled interaction with the press by the people in charge of the accident response. This is excellently detailed in a documentary created by Kyle Hill, who also contrasts the real accident with the imaginary accident dreamed up in the 4-part Netflix series Meltdown: Three Mile Island.

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As anti-nuclear groups swooped in on Three Mile Island to amplify their messaging, and panicked citizens as far as hundreds of kilometers away worried about having to evacuate and potential nuclear fallout, or even the plant somehow turning into a nuclear bomb, the federal and local official response was weak and incompetent, further adding to the narrative of a terrible disaster unfolding with unwitting officials unable to prevent the apocalyptic events that would inevitably follow.

The TMI accident didn’t kill or harm anyone, of course. Despite it being assigned an INES 5 rating, it was inarguably less severe than the non-commercial accident at the SL-1 reactor, which killed three and caused massive contamination, albeit in a more remote location. SL-1’s accident was assigned INES 4 on this logarithmic scale. If anything, the only enduring legacy of the TMI Unit 2 accident was the toxic fallout of the PR disaster that still contaminates discourse on nuclear power to this day.

Substituted Soviet Reality

The New Safe Confinement in final position over reactor 4 at Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant.
The one nuclear disaster that looms above all is of course that of Chernobyl, or rather the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (ChNPP, today the Chornobyl NPP) with its accompanying city of Pripyat. The city of Chernobyl, now Chornobyl, is located some distance from ChNPP in the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone, and unlike Pripyat was not fully abandoned after the events of April 26, 1986 when a complete lack of safety culture in the 1980s USSR combined with a sketchy turbine spin-up experiment using residual core heat culminated in what in hindsight was a very much preventable accident.

With Soviet leadership choosing to override any engineering concerns and technical issues that might be inconvenient to the USSR narrative, issues with the RBMK reactor design were classified as state secrets already years before the ChNPP Unit 4 accident. This left plant staff both uninformed and untrained about what was to come. Yet despite of the horrors of the immediate aftermath of the ChNPP Unit 4 reactor’s steam explosion, graphite fire and subsequent radioactive cloud, the worst harm was caused by the denial by Soviet authorities that anything was wrong, which resulted in delayed evacuations, the lack of distribution of iodine tablets to prevent harm from radioactive iodine-131 isotope, and the consumption of radiologically contaminated milk and other foodstuffs in the surrounding area rather than these being destroyed.

Yet despite the RBMK reactor design as at ChNPP being at best a sketchy hybrid military/commercial reactor, the world’s unquestioned worst nuclear accident led to only a few dozen attributable deaths, mostly among the first responders who were fighting the raging graphite fire in the exposed core when radiation levels from short-lived isotopes like iodine-131 were at their highest. Cases of thyroid cancer likely increased due to the exposure to iodine-131, but it’s hard to quantify exact numbers here, especially amidst the statistical noise of forced evacuations and the resulting stress and substance abuse, as well as the breakup of the USSR only a few years later.

As a comparison, in the US, parts of the populace got regularly exposed to iodine-131 during the 1940s through the 1960s courtesy of nuclear weapons testing, but despite a lack of precautions at the time a causal effect is elusive.

Sadly, when HBO chose to make a series about the ChNPP nuclear accident, it leaned heavily into the sensationalist angle, with many analyses showing just how it plays it fast and loose with the truth to create a more exciting narrative. Despite what the series claims, there was no surge in birth defects, only elective abortions, and no surge in cancer cases.

Today, many people remain jumpy about anything to do with ‘Chernobyl’, leading to panicked headlines in 2021 about a ‘neutron surge’ at the ChNPP, which likely was just due to the New Safe Confinement (NSC) structure above the #4 reactor blocking rainwater intrusion. As water is a neutron moderator, this consequently is merely a logical and totally expected result.

Similarly, when during the 2022 invasion of Ukraine Russian forces rolled heavy equipment into the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ), there was again panicked reporting about ‘elevated gamma radiation levels’. Although occupying forces destroyed much of the forensic evidence including much of the sensor network, it’s likely that the high gamma readings observed on the public radiation monitoring dashboard were spoofed or at least invalid values, rather than actual readings.

Ultimately, the CEZ was a thriving tourist attraction until the Russian invasion, with no radiological hazard if you take basic precautions in the worst affected areas. Back in 2019 discussions were already underway to reduce the size of the CEZ due to decreasing background radiation levels. Rather than a monument to the hazards of nuclear power, ChNPP is a testament to its safety even when used by a totalitarian regime whose idea of ‘safety culture’ involves the KGB and vanishings of those lacking in loyalty.

Japanese Unsafety Culture

When in March of 2011 a massive tsunami slammed into the coast of Fukushima prefecture after the 9.0 level Touhoku earthquake, it led to 19,759 deaths, 6,242 injured and 2,553 people missing but presumed killed and vanished with the water back into the ocean. There also were multiple meltdowns at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, after the tsunami’s water bypassed the inadequate tsunami defenses and submerged the basement which held the emergency generators.

The reactors all shut down as soon as the earthquake occurred, but required power for their cooling pumps. As external power was cut off and their emergency generators drowned in the basement, the first responders simply had to plug in the backup external power. Unfortunately, this procedure had never been practiced, they could not establish the physical connection, and the cores overheated, resulting in them melting and the corium solidifying in the core catchers. That’s when the lack of hydrogen vents in the spent fuel pools at the top of the buildings resulted in hydrogen – generated by the steam in the spent fuel pools reacting with the zirconium cladding – finding an ignition source and blowing off multiple roofs, spreading parts of the fuel rods on the plant’s terrain.

Some lighter radioactive isotopes were scattered further away from the plant, but ultimately nobody died or suffered injuries from radiation. Despite this, a large exclusion zone was established and thousands of people were evacuated for what turned out to be years. Government reports since 2011 have noted rampant mental health issues among these evacuees, as well as high rates of substance abuse and suicides. Meanwhile many questions have been raised about whether most of the evacuations and the in-progress top soil removal was ever needed.

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Multiple cracks were found in the concrete of the plant, which allow for seawater to seep into the reactor buildings. This water consequently has to be pumped out before it is treated with ALPS (Advanced Liquid Processing System), which can remove all radioactive isotopes except tritium, as this is just a form of hydrogen and thus effectively impossible to easily segregate from hydrogen and deuterium.

The treated water has been released back into the ocean, which has led to much international outrage. This despite that the tritium levels in the treated and diluted water (as released) are lower than those of any nuclear plant operating today, and lower than the naturally produced tritium levels from the Earth’s atmosphere.

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Ultimately, it was the botched evacuation and disaster response, per the 2012 Diet report, that led to hundreds if not thousands of needless deaths. The flawed messaging around Fukushima Daiichi brings to mind the PR disaster around TMI Unit 2, with anti-nuclear groups hijacking the conversation and drowning any sensible communication that could have occurred with stress-inducing FUD when a calm and objective approach was needed. Unsurprisingly, the biggest outcome for Japan was the complete restructuring of its nuclear safety model, with the newly formed NRA, based on the US’s NRC, turning a whole new leaf in Japanese safety culture.

Today, many of the nuclear reactors that were shutdown after the 3/11 event are now either already back online, or are in the process of getting the last safety upgrades needed before receiving an operating license from the NRA. Despite middling enthusiasm for nuclear power in Japan, there’s an increase in support along with a move towards new reactor construction.

Radiophobia

Radiophobia is defined as an irrational or excessive fear of ionizing radiation. It leads people to overestimate the health implications of radiation, suspect the presence of radiation where there is none, like microwaved food, and easily miss actual sources of radiation, such as taking an airplane flight, having a granite counter top, the presence of radon gas in the basement, inhaling cigarette smoke, or frequenting certain Brazilian beaches.

The TMI Unit 1 reactor restarting should be met with joy, as it means more reliable (95+% capacity factor) low-carbon electricity and well-paying jobs. The country to have suffered the worst nuclear disaster in history – Ukraine – is finishing construction on two nuclear plants today, and will be constructing many more. Japan is coming to terms with the reality of nuclear power, as it grapples with the economic cost of importing the LNG and coal that have kept its economy going since 2011.

If there is one thing that we can learn from nuclear accidents in this Atomic Age, it is that the fear of the atom has done more harm than respect for it. We can only hope that more people will learn this lesson.

La polizia britannica ha annunciato l’arresto di un adolescente di 17 anni. Il sospettato è considerato un membro del gruppo di hacker Scattered Spider, coinvolto in un attacco alla MGM Resorts, proprietaria di una catena di hotel, resort e casinò in tutto il mondo.

“Abbiamo arrestato un diciassettenne di Walsall collegato a una rete internazionale di criminalità informatica che prendeva di mira grandi organizzazioni con ransomware e otteneva l’accesso illegale alle reti di computer”, ha detto la polizia in una nota . “Ufficiali dell’Unità regionale per la criminalità organizzata delle West Midlands, insieme a membri della National Crime Agency, in collaborazione con il Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), hanno effettuato l’arresto giovedì (18 luglio 2024).”

L’adolescente è stato arrestato con l’accusa di aver violato la legge sul ricatto e l’uso improprio del computer e successivamente rilasciato su cauzione mentre la polizia completava le indagini. Si informa inoltre che all’indagato sono stati sequestrati diversi dispositivi, che verranno ora esaminati per ottenere ulteriori prove.

“Siamo orgogliosi di aver assistito le forze dell’ordine nell’identificazione e nell’arresto di uno dei presunti criminali responsabili dell’attacco informatico contro MGM Resorts e molte altre organizzazioni”, ha affermato MGM in una nota.

La polizia britannica ha affermato che l’arresto fa parte di un’indagine più ampia condotta dalla National Crime Agency e dall’FBI su un gruppo di hacker senza nome. E anche se le forze dell’ordine non lo hanno detto direttamente, il gruppo di hacker dietro l’attacco all’MGM Resorts è Scattered Spider.

Ricordiamo che Scattered Spider è conosciuto anche con altri nomi: Starfraud, Octo Tempest, Muddled Libra 0ktapus (Group-IB), UNC3944 (Mandiant) e Scatter Swine (Okta).

Si ritiene che il gruppo sia attivo dal 2022 e i suoi attacchi a sfondo finanziario si rivolgano principalmente a organizzazioni che operano nei settori della gestione delle relazioni con i clienti (CRM), dell’outsourcing dei processi aziendali, delle telecomunicazioni e della tecnologia.

In genere, il gruppo utilizza complessi schemi di ingegneria sociale, che spesso comportano lo scambio di SIM. In particolare, Scattered Spider è noto per i suoi attacchi con i ransomware BlackCat (Alphv), Qilin e RansomHub, anche contro MGM Resorts e la catena di casinò Caesars Entertainment .

Già nell’autunno dello scorso anno gli esperti di Mandiant avevano avvertito che Scattered Spider aveva violato almeno 100 organizzazioni, principalmente situate negli Stati Uniti e in Canada. Allo stesso tempo, anche allora, gli specialisti della sicurezza informatica sono giunti alla conclusione che la composizione principale di Scattered Spider erano adolescenti di lingua inglese di età compresa tra 16 e 22 anni, e in generale il gruppo ricordava molto Lapsus$, i cui membri usavano attacchi simili metodi ed avevano più o meno la stessa età.

L'articolo Arrestato un adolescente di 17 anni, membro di Scattered Spider! Il Crimine Informatico non paga proviene da il blog della sicurezza informatica.

Su basta!, un media indipendente francese, c’è un interessante articolo che presenta l’esperienza delle “banche del tempo libero“ (Fritidsbanken), in particolare la sede di Malmoe, nel sud della Svezia: basta.media/Suede-recycleries-…

La sede si trova in un centro commerciale eha l’aspetto di un normale negozio di articoli sportivi, ma lì sci, pattini in linea, racchette da tennis, palloni, tende e altri articoli sportivi sono di seconda mano e non si vendono, ma si prestano gratuitamente per due settimane, basta lasciare il proprio nome e il proprio numero di telefono.
Nella sede di Malmoe c’è spazio anche per accese partite ai due tavoli da ping pong e non mancano le attività per la riparazione delle attrezzature, secondo la responsabile al momento nel negozio si prestano circa 150 oggetti al giorno, d’inverno, il doppio.

L’associazione delle Fritidsbanken è nata nel 2013 ed ora è diffusa in molti centri del paese, ha come scopo dare nuova vita ad attrezzature sportive usate, prestandole gratuitamente per promuovere l'attività sportiva e all'aria aperta. Le “banche del tempo libero” vengono finanziate dalle amministrazioni locali da associazioni per la promozione dello sport, da fondazioni e da alcune regioni.

L’associazione ha un suo sito con una versione anche in inglese dove spiega che cosa sono e come funzionano le Fritidsbanken: fritidsbanken.se/en/how-it-wor…

Un grand merci, un grosso grazie a @Basta! per la segnalazione di questa bella iniziativa.
#EconomiaCircolare #biblioteche #Svezia #sport #ambiente #condivisione #BancheDelTempoLibero @macfranc

Investigatori di 25 paesi nella lotta contro i criminali che sfruttano il patrimonio culturale dell’umanità

@Notizie dall'Italia e dal mondo

L’ottava edizione dell’operazione contro il traffico internazionale di opere d’arte, nome in codice “Pandora”, ha visto il coinvolgimento delle autorità doganali e di polizia di 25 paesi. Guidata dalla Spagna (Guardia Civil), con il sostegno di Europol e INTERPOL, l'operazione ha portato complessivamente all'arresto di 85 persone e al recupero di oltre 6 400 beni culturali.
Durante Pandora VIII sono stati effettuati diverse migliaia di controlli in aeroporti, porti e valichi di frontiera, nonché in case d'asta, musei e residenze private. Le forze dell'ordine hanno inoltre “pattugliato” il web ed effettuato oltre 6mila controlli online, che hanno portato al recupero di 580 beni rubati. Nei paesi coinvolti sono ancora in corso circa 113 procedimenti penali e 137 amministrativi, con la previsione di ulteriori arresti e sequestri.

Punti salienti operativi
Con riguardo alla sola Italia, Pandora VIII ha portato al recupero dei seguenti manufatti rubati:
- Il Comando Carabinieri per la Tutela del Patrimonio Culturale (#TPC) è riuscito a identificare e successivamente sequestrare un dipinto contemporaneo venduto online. Se autenticato, il dipinto avrebbe un valore di circa 150.000 euro. Durante la perquisizione gli agenti hanno rinvenuto anche diversi oggetti contraffatti.
- In un'indagine separata, i Carabinieri hanno sequestrato oltre 2.000 frammenti di manufatti ceramici e litici come punte di freccia e punte di lancia. Gli oggetti antichi risalenti al Neolitico e all'età del bronzo erano stati messi in vendita online.

Cooperazione internazionale tra paesi e agenzie
In qualità di co-leader di questa operazione, #Europol ha svolto un ruolo chiave facilitando lo scambio di informazioni e fornendo supporto analitico e operativo alle singole indagini nazionali.
L' #INTERPOL ha sostenuto #PandoraVIII facilitando lo scambio di informazioni tra i paesi partecipanti, in particolare con i paesi dei Balcani. Un funzionario dedicato è stato inoltre disponibile durante tutta l’operazione al fine di verificare i sequestri in prima linea rispetto al database delle opere d’arte rubate dell’INTERPOL e supportare gli agenti sul campo nell’uso dell’app #ID-Art.
L’operazione Pandora, lanciata per la prima volta nel 2016, è un’operazione annuale delle forze dell’ordine.

Paesi partecipanti:
Albania, Austria, Bosnia ed Erzegovina, Bulgaria, Repubblica Ceca, Croazia, Cipro, Francia, Germania, Grecia, Irlanda, Italia, Lettonia, Malta, Montenegro, Paesi Bassi, Norvegia, Polonia, Portogallo, Romania, Spagna, Serbia, Svezia, Ucraina, Regno Unito

#Armadeicarabinieri