This week David Ruggles chats with Jonathan Bennett about his origin story! What early core memory does Jonathan pin his lifelong computer hobby on? And how was a tense meeting instrumental to Jonathan’s life outlook? And how did Jonathan manage to score a squashable brain toy from an equipment manufacturer? Watch the whole show to find out!

youtube.com/embed/g4w3FaFqyg8?…

Did you know you can watch the live recording of the show Right on our YouTube Channel? Have someone you’d like us to interview? Let us know, or contact the guest and have them contact us! Take a look at the schedule here.

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If you’d rather read along, here’s the transcript for this week’s episode.

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Hacking has taken on many different meanings over the years, but if you’re here reading these words, we’ll assume your definition is pretty close to ours. To hack is to explore and learn, to find new and (hopefully) better ways of doing things. Or at least, that’s part of it. The other part is to then take what you learned and share it with others. Do that enough, and soon you’ll find yourself part of a community of like-minded individuals — which is where things really start getting interesting.

Here at Hackaday the objects of our attention are, with the occasional exception, electronic devices of some sort or another. Perhaps an old piece of gear that needs a modern brain transplant, or a misbehaving consumer gadget that could benefit from the addition of an open source firmware. But just as there are different ways to interpret the act of hacking, there’s plenty of wiggle room when it comes to what you can hack on.

In his talk during the 2023 Hackaday Supercon, Tom Mloduchowski makes the case that more hackers should be getting involved with aviation. No, we’re not talking about flying drones, though he does cover that during the presentation. This is the real deal. Whether you want to take a quick joyride in a small plane, become a professional pilot, or even build and operate your own experimental aircraft, this talk covers it all.

Experimental Aircraft

Now, to be fair, it’s not that the act of flying a plane is somehow related to hacking. Which isn’t to say that they’re mutually exclusive, either. After all, we’re sure there’s some non-zero number of Hackaday readers who happen to also be professional pilots. But that doesn’t mean they bring a soldering iron with them in the cockpit. Probably.

What Tom is really talking about is that last bit — experimental aircraft. You see, what the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) considers to be “experimental” may not match the mental image it likely conjures up for you. While it could technically mean some fanciful whirlybird from Leonardo da Vinci’s notebooks, in the vast majority of cases, it’s a plane built by an individual from either a kit or published plans. In other words, while the craft might not be mass produced, there’s going to be at least a few other people who have built the thing and would probably love to meet up and talk about it.

What’s more, being the operator of an experimental plane gives you special privileges. Tom points out that for a normal private pilot, you generally can’t do much more than basic maintenance to your aircraft. Even if you own it outright, the FAA says you’re only qualified to operate the plane, not work on it. Something as simple as mounting a GoPro to the outside of your plane could get you in hot water, as that’s technically a modification to the aircraft that was never tested or approved by the manufacturer.

But with an experimental aircraft, the primary builder is able to apply for what the FAA calls a “Repairman Certificate” for that specific plane. This not only grants you the right to fix the aircraft, but to modify it as you see fit. Critically, it also gives you the authority to certify the plane to be airworthy after said modifications have been made. Essentially, it’s a license to hack your plane however you wish, with the understanding that you’re potentially putting your life on the line should one of those hacks come apart at altitude.

There are, of course, some limitations. Experimental aircraft still need to be registered with the FAA, and must apply for a “Special Airworthiness Certificate” before taking to the skies. You’ll need to keep a detailed build log and provide pictures of the aircraft during various stages of assembly to quality for this Certificate, but that shouldn’t be a problem for most hackers. Even after all that, you won’t be able to carry passengers on your experimental craft until it’s logged enough hours in a particular configuration.

Working Your Way Up

Putting the possible risk to life and limb aside for a moment, it’s clear how the idea of being able to build and modify your own aircraft could appeal to somebody with a hacker’s mindset. So the next logical question is, how do you get there?

Well, as you might expect when dealing with the Federal government, there are some hoops to jump through. Unfortunately, you can’t leap right to flying experimental planes, you’ve got to move through the various stages of getting your private pilot’s license just as if you wanted to fly a commercially built aircraft. But the good news is that the whole process is faster and easier than most people think, and as the FAA modernizes various aspects of the testing and training procedures, it’s only getting better.

As Tom explains, the process will usually start with a test flight at your local airport. A licensed pilot would be in command of the aircraft from a legal standpoint, but you’ll be able to get some hands-on time at the controls and figure out if this is really something you want to pursue. If that flight goes well, you’ll then move into your ground training period, which is essentially studying from books and videos. This part of the process will probably cost you a few hundred dollars in materials and fees, and at the end, you’ll need to pass a knowledge test.

After that, it’s time to start flying. You’ll need to spend at least 45 hours behind the controls of an aircraft before you can even attempt to pass your private pilot test, but on average, it takes closer to 70 hours before most students are confident enough to move to the next step. Incidentally, this is where things get expensive. Between the rental of the plane, fuel, and the instructor’s time, you’ll probably be paying between $150 to $200 for each one of those flying hours.

Investing In Yourself

Obviously, getting your private pilot license (PPL) is a serious commitment. Even in the best case, it’s going to take hundreds of hours and thousands of dollars. But once you’ve got it, you’ll be opening up a whole new world to explore. Whether you want to ultimately design and build your own plane, or just want to be able to travel around the country on your own terms, there’s plenty to be gained.

As Tom also points out, having a PPL also streamlines the process of flying commercial drones. While you’d normally have to go through training to pilot a large drone, or make money from its operation, those holding a PPL can add on a drone license by taking a simple test.

Ready to fly? The weather is warm, so why not take a drive out to your local airport and see if you can’t hitch a ride with somebody. Who knows? This time next year you might be a hacker and a pilot.

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Google estenderà il suo servizio di monitoraggio del dark web a tutti gli utenti con un account Google a partire dalla fine di questo mese. Questa funzionalità, che monitora la fuga di informazioni rubate come numeri di telefono e indirizzi fisici degli abbonati a Google One, sarà ora disponibile senza costi aggiuntivi .

Secondo quanto riportato da una pagina di supporto di Google, il servizio sarà integrato a fine luglio nella sezione “Risultati su di te” di Google, uno strumento disponibile solo in alcuni Paesi, come gli Stati Uniti, e che consente già di controllare e richiedere la rimozione delle informazioni di contatto personali archiviate da Google, come indirizzi di casa, numeri di telefono e indirizzi email.

Google assicura che questa misura fornirà una “soluzione combinata per aiutare gli utenti a proteggere la propria presenza online”. Sebbene esistano altri servizi, sia gratuiti che a pagamento, che scansionano il dark web alla ricerca di dati personali e inviano avvisi, integrare queste funzioni in Google è molto più comodo per gli utenti della piattaforma.

Con questa nuova misura, scompariranno due vantaggi precedentemente aggiunti per gli oltre 100 milioni di abbonati a Google One, un abbonamento con costi a partire da 1,99 euro al mese (circa 2,15 $) . Il mese scorso, Google ha annunciato che il suo servizio VPN di Google One chiuderà alla fine di quest’anno. Sebbene queste non fossero probabilmente le ragioni principali per cui ci si è abbonati a Google One, la rimozione di questi vantaggi senza una corrispondente riduzione del prezzo potrebbe scoraggiare molti utenti dall’abbonarsi o addirittura riabbonarsi al servizio.

Il motivo principale per abbonarsi a Google One è ottenere più spazio di archiviazione per tutte le app Google, tra cui Drive , Foto e Gmail. Sebbene offra anche altri vantaggi, come le videochiamate premium su Google Meet , la possibilità di condividere l’archiviazione con un massimo di cinque persone e una migliore pianificazione degli appuntamenti su Google Calendar, nessuno è attraente quanto l’aumento dello spazio di archiviazione.

L'articolo Google Estende il Monitoraggio del Dark Web a Tutti gli Account proviene da il blog della sicurezza informatica.

Like many of us [AnotherMaker] is a fan of the classic Forrest Mims electronics books, specifically, the Engineer’s Mini-Notebook series. They were great sources of inspiration, but at the time, he couldn’t afford to actually build most of the circuits described. Now as an adult, he decided to go through the 555 Timer IC Circuits Mini-Notebook, full of example circuits and explanations, all in Mims’ trademark handwritten style, and build all the circuits for real. And so, a series of YouTube videos are currently being released going over every circuit, how it works, and looking at waveforms on an oscilloscope!

So, PCBs were designed, each containing four of the circuits from the book. With the Mims circuit diagram on one side of the screen and the PCB on the other, [AnotherMaker] goes into a good amount of detail explaining how each circuit works, referring to the schematic and oscilloscope as needed. Each part in the series focuses on the next circuits in order, and eventually the whole series will cover every single circuit in the book.

It’s a great series of videos for anyone learning electronics, especially those who would like to learn about one of the most produced integrated circuits of all time! It’s also an excellent way to bring a fresh perspective to this classic book, while simultaneously bringing the content to a wider audience via online video.

youtube.com/embed/A7X9-8tcj5A?…

Welcome to the Design Review Central! [VE3SVF] sends us their board, and it’s a HAB (High Altitude Balloon) tracker board. It’s got the venerable ATMega28P on it, a LoRa modem and a GPS module, and it can be powered from a LiIon battery. Stick this board with its battery onto a high-altitude balloon, have it wake up and transmit your coordinates every once in a while, and eventually you’ll find it in a field – if you’re lucky. Oherwise, it will get stuck hanging on a tree branch, and you will have to use a quadcopter to try and get it down, and then, in all likelihood, a second quadcopter so that you can free the first one. Or go get a long ladder.

The ATMega328P is tried and true, and while it’s been rising in price, it’s still available – with even an updated version that sports a few more peripherals; most importantly, you’re sure to find a 328P in your drawer, if not multiple. Apart from that, the board uses two modules from a Chinese manufacturer, G-Nice, for both GPS and Lora. Both of these modules are cheap, making this tracker all that more accessible; I could easily see this project being sold as a “build your own beacon” kit!

Let’s make it maybe a little nicer, maybe a little cheaper, and maybe decrease the power consumption a tad along the way. We’ll use some of the old tricks, a few new ones, and talk about project-specific aspects that might be easy to miss.

The Low Hanging Fruit

Way better than the 0.5mm/0.25mm defaults, so make sure to replace them! Can even go down to 0.17mm if called for.
This board has four layers, which is nice because you get more ground and more routing space for a tiny price increase these days. This board doesn’t add fills on inner layers, but that is an easy fix – just select one of the GND power planes and tick the In1/In2.Cu boxes in their settings. Another thing to tweak in zone settings is zone clearance and minimum thickness – default KiCad clearances are way too conservative, setting them to something like 0.2 mm / 0.2 mm is a good idea. That improves ground connectivity, and also lets us get rid of ground tracks that would otherwise be necessary to bring ground to different connectors.

The inner layers have ground, and ground on all layers can reach further, too. That said, the inner layers benefit from being completely free – that’s when you get the best return current flow. Remember, each track, whether signal or power, needs its ground return path, and if you don’t provide a direct clean one, electricity will find a way. That, in turn, results in noise, both received and emitted, as well as possible instabilities.

In particular, the ISP flashing header had a lot of low-hanging fruit; tracks that were pulled on inner layers but could as well go on top/bottom layers. Many tracks could be snaked between GPS and LoRa module pads, too – the gaps are wide enough, that even a 0.2 mm track feels comfortable in there, and you could probably pull two if you dropped down to 0.15 mm, which is still safe with most fabs.

And, after a dozen minutes of work, the inner layers are free. A surprising amount of space could be found – for instance, the three DIO tracks nicely went along the right edge of the board. More importantly, capacitors were moved closer to where they work best. In particular, the AREF capacitor is two vias and one long inner track apart, which won’t make for good analog decoupling. That did require moving the ATMega a bit upwards, but a judicious application of Del and Shift+Del on tracks, as well as some track dragging, made that move go quickly.

I could talk about component size choices, but they’re not meaningfully interfering with routing on the board – even the opposite, having one of the diodes be 1206 helps me avoid some vias. On the other hand, rotating the battery divider resistors and power regulators 180 degrees resulted in some good routing space freed up. And, looking at the board, the ATMega328P routing could perhaps use being rotated one turn clockwise, too. That’d make SPI routing cleaner, power tracks and analog pins shorter, and let us put capacitors at the sides, at the low low cost of having GPIO pins snake around a bit. However, here, the benefits aren’t necessarily as clear-cut as in previous articles; instead, it’s a time vs niceness tradeoff.

The Chip Gets Rotated, But Not Necessarily

Here, a conundrum. We could spend maybe a dozen more minutes and rotate the chip, or leave it be? Is the board going to be slightly nicer? Yes. Is this necessary? No. If you want to just order the board and go, it’s completely fair for you to press order and leave improvements of this grade for rev2. On the other hand, if the itch to improve your board is bad enough that the time investment doesn’t scare you out of it, give in and see yourself become better at PCB design. Worked for me.

There are hidden problems for such small redesigns, though. Remember, a redesign might have you reinstate a problem that you’ve successfully avoided with the original iteration, or, it can quickly become infeasible. I’ve had it happen, where a redesign that intended to add features and reduce complexity has become counter-productive midway through, so, I’ve had to stop myself from continuing and just order the board already. You’ll learn to keep track of these, but it does take keeping it in mind. Keep your Ctrl+Z’s ready, keep a copy of the files, or a Git commit, if you are doing something fundamental, and be ready to get a lesson in letting go.

I ended up rotating the chip, and the board did indeed become a bit nicer, but in ways that don’t solve any pressing problems. By the way, have you noticed something this board has done really well from the start? That’s component placement. The ways the LoRa module, GPS module, ATMega328P and the headers are positioned, I wouldn’t change anything about them. Maybe move the pin headers onto a 2.5 4mm grid so that you could expand this board with a perfboard if needed, but that one isn’t a must – this is a low weight board, after all, the headers are more for debugging than anything else.

Last Thoughts: Inner Layers And Antenna Choice

If you have internal layers, use them for ground or power fills, so that power and return currents can flow unrestricted. This is going to reduce both radiated and received emissions, as well as make power rails smoother, which feels mighty helpful considering this design has two radios on it and the GPS radio has a passive antenna.

Also, some fabs don’t want empty inner layers. Last year, JLCPCB started refusing boards with inner or outer layers more than 30% full, in what’s presumably an attempt to decrease the etching process costs, causing some people to redesign perfectly working PCBs with little notice. Combine this with a recent documentation overhaul that just so happened to turn some previously free options into paid ones, and if I were to guess, they are no longer able to keep running at a loss as much as they did, so, the age of golden offers at JLCPCB might soon to be over.

Our improvements ended up providing more than enough copper on top and bottom layers, that you could possibly switch this board to two-layer; again, cheaper ordering, possibly quicker manufacturing time, possibly cheaper PCBA. Isn’t a requirement, but it is nice when you can do it. If you are to keep the two extra layers, remember that on-board antennas need keepouts at least for a wide patch under them, if not for a good amount of space around them, and the keepout has to be on all layers. No tracks, no fills, no copper, do not pass go, do not collect 200.

Thicker tracks for power paths are good whenever you can afford them – and this board has plenty of space! I personally usually add them in last, and it’s not a problem here, but it’s most certainly a smarter decision to draw them thick first so that you don’t have to do a re-layout later.

It also does feel like you could consider an active antenna here. For a high-altitude balloon, sure, you’re way way more likely to get a fix and you’ve got a whole lot more time to do it, but I would guess improving your chances is worthwhile. Plus, I don’t know much about G-Nice’s modules, still yet to try out the one I purchased last year – it might be that this module is perfectly okay, but it concerns me these are meant to be footprint-compatible drop-in replacements for well-established company modules, with this specific module borrowing an U-Blox footprint, and as such, I don’t know how much to expect. An active antenna adds a fair of weight and size footprint, and it might be that everyone’s flying with passive antennas no worries, so I might be completely out of my zone here. Whichever is the case, I would appreciate input!

As usual, if you would like a design review for your board, submit a tip to us with [design review] in the title, linking to your board files. KiCad design files strongly preferred, both repository-stored files (GitHub/GitLab/etc) and shady Google Drive/Dropbox/etc .zip links are accepted.

Questa è la nuova versione della prima guida completa su Mastodon in italiano dedicata a chi proveniva da Twitter. Oggi il Twitter che conoscevamo non esiste più, sostituito dal social X, e sono nati diversi social più o meno aperti, come Bluesky e Threads, mentre alcuni servizi come Flipboard e TumbIr si sono aperti al Fediverso e alcune soluzioni software come WordPress si sono aperte alla…

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2024-07-10 13:26:55

Guida galattica per x-stoppisti finiti su mastodon (nuova versione)

Guida galattica per X-stoppisti finiti su mastodon – La nuova versione della guida di informapirata

“Probabilmente quasi tutto quello sapete su Mastodon è sbagliato!
Ma siete in buona compagnia…”

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#EugenRochko #fedditIt #Fediquette #Fediverso #Framasoft #Friendica #hashtag #Lemmy #Mastodon #Poliversity #Poliverso #ProductDesign #ProductDesign #Twitter #Typography #TypographyInTheWild

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Guida galattica per x-stoppisti finiti su mastodon (nuova versione)

Guida galattica per X-stoppisti finiti su mastodon - La nuova versione della guida di informapirata "Probabilmente quasi tutto quello sapete su Mastodon è…

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@Notizie dall'Italia e dal mondo

A Rio de Janeiro si è recentemente svolto il corso “I Caschi Blu della Cultura. Il Patrimonio Culturale in caso di catastrofe: rischi e interventi di sicurezza””. La giornata conclusiva si è tenuta il 2 luglio al Paço Imperial (Palazzo Imperial).

I "caschi blu della cultura" sono una idea italiana, sviluppatasi sin dal 2016 nell’ambito della campagna #Unite4Heritage. Il governo italiano e l’Unesco siglarono un memorandum d’intesa per la creazione di una task force di sessanta unità, composta da carabinieri, storici dell’arte, studiosi e restauratori, pronti a intervenire per salvaguardare il patrimonio culturale in zone di crisi. Con Decreto firmato il 31 marzo 2022 dal Ministro della Cultura pro–tempore Franceschini fu perfezionata la Task Force, formalmente denominata “Caschi Blu della Cultura”, unità operativa concepita per intervenire in aree colpite da emergenze, quali calamità o crisi prodotte dall’uomo, in una cornice di sicurezza, al fine di: – salvaguardare i siti archeologici, i luoghi della cultura ed i beni culturali; – contrastare il traffico internazionale di beni culturali illecitamente sottratti; – supportare l’Autorità dei Paesi esteri richiedenti, nella predisposizione di misure atte a limitare i rischi che situazioni di crisi o emergenziali potrebbero arrecare al patrimonio culturale di quella Nazione. L' #Armadeicarabinieri – con personale tratto dal Comando Tutela Patrimonio Culturale (#TPC) assegnato al Ministero della Cultura – hanno la gestione operativa–logistica delle missioni.

Tornando al corso in Brasile, questo è stato realizzato dall’Organizzazione Internazionale Italo-Latino Americana (#IILA), con il finanziamento della Direzione Generale per la Cooperazione allo Sviluppo del Ministero degli Affari Esteri e della Cooperazione Internazionale (#MAECI), in collaborazione con il Ministero della Cultura italiano (#MIC), il Comando Carabinieri Tutela Patrimonio Culturale e, da parte brasiliana, con il Ministério das Relações Exteriores, Ministerio da Cultura, Centro Lucio Costa, IPHAN – Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional, SBM – Sistema Brasiliero de Museus, IBRAM – Instituto Brasileiro de Museus, Instituto Guimarães Rosa, #PoliciaFederal e #INTERPOL Brasil. Hanno partecipato 55 funzionari pubblici latinoamericani, provenienti da forze di polizia, forze armate, protezione civile e vigile del fuoco, Ministero della Cultura oltre a restauratori e conservatori di beni culturali, per formare di una task force italo-latinoamericana per la protezione del patrimonio culturale

Tra gli altri intervenuti alla giornata finale il Generale D. Francesco Gargaro, Comandante Carabinieri Tutela Patrimonio Culturale; Paolo Iannelli, Rappresentante del MIC – Caschi Blu della Cultura; Marcos Moreira Nizio, Capo del Settore Protezione del Patrimonio storico e culturale della Polizia Federale brasiliana.

Il Generale Gargaro (foto sopra) ha dichiarato nella circostanza:“Il corso che oggi si conclude è stato concepito per dotarvi degli strumenti necessari per affrontare queste sfide. Attraverso questo confronto tra diverse esperienze si sono volute trasmettere competenze tecniche e operative che permetteranno di intervenire sempre più efficacemente in situazioni di emergenza. Avete imparato l’importanza dell’identificazione e catalogazione dei beni culturali anche in situazioni emergenziali, della collaborare con le comunità locali e con le diverse istituzioni in contesti complessi. In un’epoca in cui i conflitti, crisi e catastrofi naturali minacciano di cancellare la memoria storica e culturale dei popoli, l’importanza del nostro lavoro non può essere sottovalutata. La distruzione di beni culturali non è solo una perdita per le comunità direttamente coinvolte, ma per tutta l’umanità.
È la cancellazione della nostra storia condivisa, delle nostre identità e dei valori che ci uniscono come esseri umani”.

La missione addestrativa, tenuta dal 24 giugno al 2 luglio 2024 da esperti italiani del Ministero della Cultura e del Comando Carabinieri Tutela del Patrimonio Culturale, ha voluto trasmettere ai paesi partecipanti quali Brasile, Cile, Colombia e Paraguay il modello italiano di tutela del patrimonio culturale attraverso sessioni teoriche ed esercitazioni pratiche, tra cui la simulazione di una inondazione e un focus rivolto alla sicurezza di beni archivistici e librari in ragione delle esigenze di tutela del territorio ospitante.

Durante la consegna dei diplomi, la Segretaria Generale dell'Organizzazione internazionale italo-latino americana Cavallari, nel ringraziare tutte le istituzioni partners che hanno reso possibile il successo del corso, ha sottolineato che l’obiettivo principale dell’IILA è proprio quello di stimolare la reciproca conoscenza e integrazione fra i paesi membri. Il programma addestrativo di quest’anno, come quello realizzato nel giugno 2023 a Città del Messico con la partecipazione di esperti di Bolivia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Messico, Perù e Repubblica Dominicana, ha conseguito l’obiettivo di promuovere la condivisione di esperienze e buone pratiche per la possibile creazione di Caschi Blu della Cultura in Brasile, Colombia, Cile e Paraguay.

Importante infine sottolineare come la partecipazione dei carabinieri esalta il loro ruolo nella difesa a livello internazionale del patrimonio culturale italiano e mondiale: ruolo che l’Arma svolge nella protezione dei beni culturali da più di cinque decenni .

@Notizie dall'Italia e dal mondo

Anche la #PoliziadiStato italiana (a mezzo del Servizio Polizia Postale e per la Sicurezza Cibernetica) ha partecipato al Referral Action Day di #Europol mirato ad identificare e combattere i contenuti antisemiti online (a sua volta mediante l'Unità europea per le segnalazioni su Internet denominata EU IRU - Internet Referral Unit - che rileva e indaga sui contenuti dannosi presenti su Internet e nei social media).

Si è trattato di una operazione coordinata, guidata dalle autorità di Svizzera e Regno Unito, svoltasi il 27 giugno scorso, che ha coinvolto le forze dell'ordine di 18 paesi (leggi nora a conclusione), che hanno lavorato in tandem come cennato all'Unità EU IRU di Europol e i principali fornitori di servizi online.

Il Referral Action Day ha preso di mira un'ampia gamma di contenuti antisemiti, tra cui incitamento all'odio, negazione dell'Olocausto e glorificazione della violenza contro la comunità ebraica. L'obiettivo principale era rimuovere i contenuti illegali e garantire che le piattaforme online aderissero alle normative europee in materia di incitamento all'odio e discriminazione.

In totale, sono stati identificati e segnalati circa 2.000 contenuti antisemiti ai fornitori di servizi online per la rimozione.

Il focus del Referral Action Day nasce dall'aumento di un antisemitismo diffuso, giustificato e coltivato nelle sfere jihadiste e nei gruppi estremisti di destra e di sinistra online. Questo contenuto antisemita viene diffuso anche da individui non affiliati su varie piattaforme online. A quanto è risultato la ondata di discorsi d'odio è stata innescata dall'attacco del 7 ottobre dell'organizzazione terroristica Hamas contro Israele e dalla successiva risposta militare israeliana.

Le National Internet Referral Unit e le unità di polizia specializzate dei seguenti paesi hanno preso parte a questo Referral Action Day: Albania, Austria, Bosnia-Erzegovina, Danimarca, Francia, Germania, Ungheria, Irlanda,Italia, Lituania, Malta, Portogallo, Romania, Spagna, Svezia, Svizzera, Ucraina e Regno Unito.
#EUIRU