La Corea del Nord ha ristrutturato la sua gerarchia di intelligence, trasformando l’ex Agenzia di Intelligence in una struttura con un mandato molto più ampio. Il nuovo organismo, denominato Direzione Generale dell’Intelligence (GIRD), riunisce diversi dipartimenti precedentemente separati.

Si basa su capacità come il monitoraggio satellitare, l’intercettazione dei segnali, le operazioni di rete e la raccolta di informazioni, tutte ora integrate in un unico quadro analitico. Secondo fonti del Daily NK, l’approvazione formale di questo status è avvenuta in estate, a seguito di discussioni interne iniziate in primavera, e le modifiche sono state annunciate pubblicamente per la prima volta a settembre.

La riorganizzazione non si è limitata a un aggiornamento simbolico. La vecchia unità ha cessato di essere un’agenzia focalizzata principalmente su infiltrazioni segrete e operazioni speciali. È stata ristrutturata come quartier generale dell’intelligence militare, responsabile contemporaneamente della sorveglianza satellitare, dell’elaborazione dati, delle comunicazioni digitali e dell’analisi delle reti di intelligence.

Questo approccio è stato la logica continuazione della riforma iniziata nel 2009, quando la Corea del Nord ha unito l’intelligence militare alle strutture operative del partito. Questa volta, l’enfasi è sulla diversa natura dei cambiamenti: non l’assorbimento di organizzazioni esterne, ma piuttosto il rafforzamento dell’autorità all’interno del sistema esistente.

Uno dei fattori che ha spinto il consolidamento del settore dell’intelligence è stato il lancio del satellite Malligyong-1 nel novembre 2023. Nonostante la bassa risoluzione delle immagini, la Corea del Nord monitora regolarmente i siti di test, gli aeroporti e i porti dei paesi che considera avversari. La Corea del Sud rimane l’obiettivo principale, sebbene anche Stati Uniti e Giappone figurino nei rapporti ufficiali. I dati satellitari sono integrati in un quadro di analisi completo che combina intercettazioni di segnali e segnalazioni umane. Questo algoritmo riduce la probabilità di falsi allarmi e migliora l’accuratezza delle valutazioni.

I documenti interni della nuova agenzia prevedono riunioni settimanali denominate “224 Incarichi Strategici”, in cui vengono preparati rapporti riassuntivi sulla situazione attuale. Questi sono accessibili al Comando Supremo e alla Commissione Militare Centrale. La Direzione Generale dell’Intelligence ha il diritto di riferire direttamente ai vertici, bypassando il Capo di Stato Maggiore o la Commissione Militare Centrale. Una fonte del Daily NK sottolinea che l’agenzia si è già affermata come centro decisionale chiave. Lo ha affermato indirettamente il Maresciallo dell’Esercito nordcoreano Pak Jong Chol, che ha menzionato un rapporto ricevuto dall’agenzia sulle manovre congiunte tra Corea del Sud e Stati Uniti.

Secondo altre fonti, i poteri dell’agenzia sono stati ampliati fino a raggiungere il livello di un servizio di intelligence nazionale, comprendendo funzioni politiche, economiche e diplomatiche. Operazioni all’estero, operazioni di rete, tentativi di elusione delle sanzioni e supporto ai finanziamenti esterni sono tutti concentrati sotto lo stesso tetto. All’interno del sistema, tutto ciò è considerato parte di una triade di funzioni strategiche – attività informative, economiche e psicologiche – che Pyongyang sta sempre più trasformando in uno strumento di influenza esterna.

Pyongyang sta inoltre sviluppando una rete di roccaforti nel Sud-est asiatico e in diversi paesi sudamericani. Ciò coinvolge sia canali di intelligence che la ricerca di nuove rotte finanziarie. Allo stesso tempo, collabora con agenzie provinciali cinesi e aziende private attraverso le quali acquista componenti elettronici e tecnologie di elaborazione dati.

Queste transazioni si basano su contratti privati tra società commerciali cinesi e organizzazioni controllate dal Dipartimento di Intelligence Generale. Questo accordo consente di nascondere le transazioni al controllo internazionale, mascherandole come normali transazioni commerciali.

L'articolo La Corea del Nord riorganizza la sua intelligence con una nuova agenzia proviene da Red Hot Cyber.

While you might not know it from their market share, Intel makes some fine GPUs. Putting one in a PC with an AMD processor already feels a bit naughty, but AMD’s x86 processors still ultimately trace their lineage all the way back to Intel’s original 4004. Putting that same Intel GPU into a system with an ARM processor, like a Raspberry Pi, or even better, a RISC V SBC? Why, that seems downright deviant, and absolutely hack-y. [Jeff Geerling] shares our love of the bizarre, and has been working tirelessly to get a solid how-to guide written so we can all flout the laws of god and man together.

According to [Jeff], all of Intel’s GPUs should work, though not yet flawlessly. In terms of 3D acceleration, OpenGL works well, but Vulkan renders are going to get texture artifacts if they get textures at all. The desktop has artifacts, and so do images; see for yourself in the video embedded below. Large language models are restricted to the not-so-large, due to memory addressing issues. ARM and RISC V both handle memory somewhat differently than x86 systems, and apparently the difference matters.

The most surprising thing is that we’re now at a point that you don’t need to recompile the Linux kernel yourself to get this to work. Reconfigure, yes, but not recompile. [6by9] has a custom kernel all ready to go. In testing on his Pi5, [Jeff] did have to manually recompile Mesa, however–unsurprisingly, the version for Raspberry Pi wasn’t built against the iris driver for Intel GPUs, because apparently the Mesa devs are normal.

Compared to AMD cards, which already work quite well, the Intel cards don’t shine on the benchmark, but that wasn’t really the point. The point is expanding the hardware available to SBC users, and perhaps allowing for sensible chuckle at the mis-use of an “Intel Inside” sticker. (Or cackle of glee, depending on your sense of humour. We won’t judge.) [Jeff] is one of the people working at getting these changes upstreamed into the Linux kernel and Raspberry Pi OS, and we wish him well in that endeavour.

Now, normally we wouldn’t encourage a completely unknown fellow like this [Jeff] of whom no one has ever heard of to be poking about in the kernel, but we have a good feeling about this guy. It’s almost as if like he’s been at this a while. That couldn’t be, could it? Surely we’d have noticed him.

youtube.com/embed/ewDJpxQEGo4?…

hackaday.com/2025/11/14/intel-…

It isn’t unusual to expect a precisely regulated voltage in an electronic project, but what about times when you need a precise current? Over on EDN, prolific [Stephen Woodward] explains how to use a precision Zener diode to get good results. [Stephen] takes you through the math for two topologies and another circuit that uses a pair of bipolar transistors.

You might wonder why you need a precise current source or sink. While it is nice to drive things like LEDs with a constant current, you probably don’t need ultra-precise currents. However, charging a capacitor with a constant current produces a very nice linear voltage ramp. When you use a resistor to bias collector current in a bipolar amplifier, you are just poorly imitating a constant current source, too. That’s just two of many examples.

The circuits use a MOSFET to handle the actual current path, so there are a few differences depending on whether you want to sink or source current. You may wonder why a precision Zener diode needs an external Zener. However, if you read the text, you’ll note that’s only if the input voltage is too high for the “real” Zener.

There are many techniques for manipulating currents. All good to have in your toolbox.

hackaday.com/2025/11/14/precis…

The 8845 LEGO Technic Dune Buggy original. (Credit: Matt Denton)
It’s part of the great circle of life that toys and scale models that provide a reflection of macro-sized objects like vehicles and buildings will eventually be scaled up again to life-sized proportions. Case in point the LEGO Technic dune buggy that [Matt Denton] recently printed at effectively human scale, while also making it actually drivable.

The basis for this project is the 8845 Dune Buggy which was released in 1981. Unlike the modern 42101 version, it’s more straightforward and also seems more amenable to actually sitting in despite featuring more pieces for a total of 174 pieces. Naturally, [Matt] didn’t simply go for a naïve build of the 8845 buggy, but made a few changes. First is the scale that’s 10.42 times larger than the LEGO original, based around the use of 50 mm bearings. The model was also modified to be a single-seater, with the steering wheel placed in the center.

With some structural and ergonomic tweaks in place, the resulting CAD model was printed out mostly in PLA with a 1 mm nozzle and 10% infill using a belt FDM printer to help with the sheer size of the parts. After that it was mostly a LEGO kit assembly on a ludicrous scale that resembles a cross between building a LEGO kit and assembling Ikea flatpack furniture.

At merely the cost of most of his sanity, [Matt] finally got the whole kit together, still leaving a few suspension issues to resolve, as it turns out that so much plastic actually weighs a lot, at 102 kg. With that and other issues resolved, the final touch was to add an electric motor to the whole kit using a belt-driven system on the rear axle and bringing every LEGO minifig’s dreams to life.

After a few test drives, some issues did pop up, including durability concerns and not a lot of performance, but overall it performs much better than you’d expect from a kid’s toy.

youtube.com/embed/RyM0SPHocUA?…

hackaday.com/2025/11/14/buildi…

Dear Friend of Press Freedom,

Rümeysa Öztürk has been facing deportation for 234 days for co-writing an op-ed the government didn’t like. As we’ll discuss during an online panel next Tuesday, the government hasn’t stopped targeting journalists for removal. Read on for news from Kansas, Ohio, and more.

Kansas county pays $3M for forgetting the First Amendment

Press freedom just scored a $3 million win in Kansas. The county that participated in an illegal raid on the Marion County Record in 2023 is cutting big checks to journalists and a city councilor to settle their lawsuits.

As part of the settlement, the Marion County Sheriff’s Office also made a statement of “regret” for the raid, saying, “This likely would not have happened if established law had been reviewed and applied prior to the execution of the warrants.”

Ya think? FPF Senior Advocacy Adviser Caitlin Vogus broke down the flashing red lights any judge or cop should heed before storming a newsroom. Read her article here. And check out our March interview with Record publisher Eric Meyer.

No, journalists don’t need permission to cover immigration courts

Last month, we wrote to the Hyattsville immigration court in Maryland to express our alarm over a report that two journalists from Capital News Service had been expelled for not seeking express permission from the federal government to cover immigration proceedings.

That expulsion was contrary not only to the Constitution but also to the Executive Office of Immigration Review’s own guidance. But we noticed another problem with their fact sheet. It said reporters “must” check in upon arriving at immigration court. We’d been hearing anecdotes for some time about journalists being asked to “check in” at lobbies of immigration courts in other parts of the country. The fact sheet confirmed it.

In response, EOIR clarified that journalists are not required to either coordinate visits with the government in advance or check in upon arrival. And it issued an amended fact sheet to remove any doubt. We posted the fact sheet and email exchange on our site so any reporters given wrong information can have them handy. Read more here.

Secrecy and the midterms

The midterm elections are a year away, and it is essential to ensure that they are free and fair. Transparency is key, specifically surrounding the Department of Homeland Security’s election integrity unit and the Justice Department’s attempts to access voter data and equipment.

DHS’s election integrity unit is particularly secretive. For example, President Donald Trump appointed prominent election denier Heather Honey to lead the effort, but very little is known about what she’s doing with her newfound power. FPF’s Daniel Ellsberg Chair on Government Secrecy Lauren Harper has more about our efforts to hold the unit accountable. Subscribe to The Classifieds for more secrecy news.

Charges dropped against Cincinnati journalist

Charges have finally been dropped against CityBeat reporter Madeline Fening, who was arrested while covering a protest at the Roebling Bridge in northern Kentucky in July. Congratulations to the American Civil Liberties Union of Kentucky and their legal partners on the important win.

We led two letters in support of Fening and CityBeat intern Lucas Griffith. After the first, felony charges against the two were dropped. The second led prosecutors to admit to a reporter that they’d offered to drop charges in exchange for the journalists waiving their right to sue — a likely violation of both the Constitution and attorney ethics rules.

Now, both cases are over, but Griffith was found guilty of failure to disperse and fined $50. That may not sound like much, but the constitutional violation is still significant – journalists are not required to disperse along with protesters because they need to be free to cover the aftermath of protests. Read CityBeat’s coverage here.

What we’re reading

Trump vs. the BBC: What hurdles might the president’s legal argument face? (BBC). Trump “doesn’t care” if he wins the lawsuits he’s filed against newsrooms he doesn’t like, FPF’’sbsky.app/profile/did:plc:sabyz…Advocacy Director Seth Stern told BBC. “The point is to intimidate and punish those he views as critical (of) him.”

When reporting is a crime (Inquest). “Prison journalism should not be illegal. It should not be starved, stifled, or silenced. ... laws need to change.” Readbsky.app/profile/did:plc:yvl5j…Inquest’s article featuring FPF columnist Jeremy Busby’s account of how his own journalism, and that of outside reporters wanting to tell his story, is stifled by prison authorities. And watch our video featuring journalist Daniel Moritz-Rabson discussing the guide to reporting on prisons that he wrote for FPF.

The FCC’s news distortion policy should be rescinded (Protect Democracy). Thanks to our friends atbsky.app/profile/did:plc:4fvbd…Protect Democracy for furthering the fight against Brendan Carr’s censorial FCC. Carr’s selective enforcement of the policy to characterize any coverage Trump doesn’t like as “distortion” shows why the policy shouldn’t exist in the first place.

Larry Wilson: Stop shooting at the press while we do our jobs (Los Angeles Daily News). “Cops are banned from shooting non-violent people with deadly projectiles — whether they’re protesters or journalists. Because it’s illegal,” said First Amendment lawyer Susan Seager.

I tried to deliver aid to Gaza. Israel kidnapped and tortured me (The Nation). Journalist and human rights lawyer Thomas Becker writes about his treatment while detained by Israel. Watch our online discussion last week, in partnership with Defending Rights & Dissent, with three U.S. journalists who reported similar experiences after being abducted from aid flotillas.

freedom.press/issues/marion-co…

Europe stands at perhaps the most difficult crossroads of recent times, a tough call to make between social welfare and stabilizing fiscal balance. On 4 November 2025, the IMF issued a warning, citing the deep fiscal troubles the EU is facing and how the situation is likely to worsen if immediate and more decisive steps are not taken. The rising debt levels, which could double to 140% by 2040, as suggested by the IMF, pose an imminent threat to disturbing the existing fragile balance between revenue and expenditure. Funding various social schemes, including pensions, unemployment benefits, healthcare, and education, has long been a mainstay of government policies across the EU. Now, the IMF calls for a re-evaluation of those spending policies. The message is clear: harsh measures are crucial now to have a better future. Across Europe, governments have already joined the austerity drive. For the last 18 months, the EU has been experimenting with various ideas as part of a strict fiscal policy aimed at restoring the budgetary balance. Below is a list of measures adopted across the EU countries:

• Raising the statutory retirement age.
• Freezing or delaying pension indexation.
• Limiting the duration of unemployment benefits.
• Reducing public-sector wage growth or hiring.
• Cutting healthcare and education budgets.
• Phasing out early-retirement schemes.
• Increasing consumption or environmental taxes.
• Reducing energy or transport subsidies.
• Capping family and housing support payments.
• Restricting public investment spending.

These measures have either been implemented/approved, or are currently under parliamentary debate. As policymakers adjust the policy machinery to cope with an impending economic peril, implementations are faced with a formidable opposition from the affected groups. In fact, over the last two months, a wave of rising resentment has been evident. Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, and more have all witnessed nationwide strikes, and many more are likely to follow.

Although cutting public spending might seem like a straightforward solution to rectify the current fiscal imbalance from the government’s perspective, the situation is not entirely linear. Cutting public funding, such as pensions, social benefits, or unemployment funds, reduces the disposable income of the impacted groups. Low disposable income means lower consumer demand. With demand spiraling downward, supply needs to be downsized as well, following a fundamental economic principle that matches market demand. As a result, businesses respond with layoffs, further reducing tax revenues and pushing up unemployment levels. In short, economies can face a self-perpetuating cycle that widens inequality and, even worse, triggers an economic recession (something the world witnessed in the 1930s – The Great Depression).

Furthermore, a reduction in expenditure on human infrastructure, whether in health or education, has a long-term negative impact on the economy. The immediate effect could be a robust balance sheet and good fiscal ratios. In the longer run, it weakens the foundation for sustainable growth, something which the EU stands for and identifies with. Decline in human capital, lack of innovation and global competitiveness, brain drain, social inequality, and other issues are a few notable consequences. Excessively rigid austerity measures, in a way, can undermine growth and social cohesion.

The IMF’s warning, therefore, should not be examined in a single dimension. Instead of treating it as a call to cut, it can be perceived as an invitation to rethink how Europe balances its books while safeguarding its people.

The solution lies in achieving a balance:

According to Friedrich Ebert Stiftung’s “Alternative to Austerity”, if fiscal strategies are growth-oriented, rather than simply focusing on cutting expenditure, a balance can be reinstated without impacting the welfare. Budgetary discipline will have to be achieved through the use of a balanced mix of responsible budgeting and investing public funds wisely. Pumping investments into areas such as infrastructure, education, and green technology can help countries build strong and sustainable economies, as well as secure their futures. These investments can help create more jobs, improve skills, and support long-term growth. It also calls for a fairer tax system where the wealthy and large companies contribute more, reducing the pressure on working families.

The problem the EU is facing at this moment goes beyond the budget. The challenge is about protecting fairness and dignity. Financial discipline should always go hand-in-hand with social justice.

The goal should not be to weaken the social support systems people depend on, but to strengthen and make them more sustainable, so that growth and fairness work together, rather than against each other.

Reference Links:

politico.eu/article/police-cla… | archive.ph/pYghC

euronews.com/2025/09/24/french… | archive.ph/JetNb

berlintoday.com/public-sector-… | archive.ph/8ZdCM

european-pirateparty.eu/are-eu…

Per la soggettazione del fascicolo n. 3-2025 della Bibliografia Nazionale Italiana, serie Monografie, abbiamo introdotto nel Thesaurus del Nuovo soggettario i seguenti nuovi termini di soggetto:

• Arte camerunese IT 2025-2594
• Cinema polacco IT 2025-2732
• Detriti spaziali IT 2025-2448
• Diorami IT 2025-2659
• Educazione finanziaria IT 2025-2279
• Gnatologia IT 2025-2535
• Reti bayesiane IT 2025-2542
• Tarì IT 2025-2281

Per i fascicoli precedenti rimandiamo alla pagina BNI dedicata.

L'articolo BNI notizie 3-2025 proviene da Biblioteca nazionale centrale di Firenze.

Il Thesaurus Nuovo soggettario è un patrimonio lessicale in continua evoluzione, che si arricchisce di collegamenti, collaborazioni e nuove versioni linguistiche.

Le principali novità:

• Interoperabilità: nell’ottica del Web semantico, cresce ulteriormente il numero di link che connettono i termini del Thesaurus Nuovo soggettario agli equivalenti in inglese, francese, tedesco e spagnolo, facilitando i collegamenti con analoghi strumenti di indicizzazione semantica e cataloghi di altre biblioteche nazionali.
• Collaborazioni sempre più solide con il mondo GLAM (Galleries, Libraries, Archives, Museums): prosegue la condivisione e la riconciliazione reciproca delle entità con le risorse di archivi e musei. In particolare:
  
  • l’Art & Architecture Thesaurus del Getty Research Institute mappa i propri termini con quelli del Thesaurus Nuovo soggettario;
  • il Thesaurus Nuovo soggettario diventa il cuore del progetto Collezioni di immagini e strumenti condivisi fra musei, archivi e biblioteche, promosso da DicoLab – Cultura digitale, per esplorare in modo integrato e intuitivo le collezioni del Museo Galileo.

  
  

• Cresce il dialogo con Wikimedia Italia: sono 13.454 i link dei termini del Thesaurus con i corrispondenti item di Wikidata; inoltre, la voce Wikipedia dedicata al Nuovo soggettario è ora tradotta in sette lingue (coreano, russo, indonesiano, tedesco, inglese, spagnolo e francese).
• Online in inglese: tutte le pagine del sito web del Nuovo soggettario sono state tradotte in inglese per una consultazione più accessibile a livello globale.

L'articolo Nuovo soggettario – Notizie – novembre 2025 proviene da Biblioteca nazionale centrale di Firenze.