Gli scienziati del Korea Institute of Science and Technology di Daegu hanno creato una batteria nucleare compatta in grado di generare elettricità per decenni senza i rischi solitamente associati alla radioattività.

Il nuovo dispositivo è una cella a colorante beta-voltaico alimentata dal carbonio-14, un isotopo radioattivo che emette particelle beta. Queste particelle, essenzialmente elettroni ad alta energia, colpiscono un semiconduttore di biossido di titanio rivestito con un colorante a base di rutenio, facendone uscire gli elettroni e creando una corrente elettrica.

L’emivita del carbonio-14 è di circa 5.730 anni, il che consente teoricamente alla batteria di conservare metà della sua capacità iniziale dopo migliaia di anni. Ma nella pratica la produzione diminuisce molto più rapidamente: i materiali sono ancora soggetti a distruzione. Tuttavia, il potenziale della tecnologia è impressionante. Il prototipo attuale fornisce 20,75 nanowatt per centimetro quadrato per millicurie con un’efficienza del 2,86%. In parole povere, questa batteria delle dimensioni di un’aspirina fornisce circa lo 0,4% della potenza necessaria per far funzionare una calcolatrice tascabile. Per funzionare, sarebbero necessari altri 240 elementi circa.

Sebbene la sua potenza sia modesta, è sufficiente ad alimentare dispositivi medici impiantabili come pacemaker o sensori per la raccolta di dati ambientali. La tecnologia può essere utilizzata anche per alimentare tag RFID, microcircuiti e caricare condensatori in dispositivi che richiedono un impulso energetico breve ma potente. Questa direzione è promettente per l’elettronica ad altissima efficienza energetica, ma è ancora nelle prime fasi di sviluppo.

Il vantaggio principale è la sicurezza. Contrariamente a quanto si pensa comunemente del termine “nucleare“, il dispositivo non richiede una protezione complessa. Le particelle beta del carbonio-14 sono deboli e si trovano ovunque, anche nel corpo umano. Per la schermatura è sufficiente uno strato sottile di alluminio. La batteria è completamente solida, priva di materiali infiammabili e, in termini di sicurezza, può addirittura superare le batterie agli ioni di litio, soggette a surriscaldamento ed esplosioni.

In generale, l’idea delle batterie nucleari non è nuova. I primi dispositivi di questo tipo apparvero negli anni ’50, quando negli USA venne sviluppato un elemento basato sullo stronzio-90. Successivamente, negli anni ’60, i generatori termoelettrici a radioisotopi con plutonio-238 iniziarono a essere utilizzati nelle missioni spaziali. Uno dei primi esempi fu il satellite Transit 4A, utilizzato in uno dei primi sistemi di navigazione satellitare, il predecessore del GPS.

Negli ultimi anni l’interesse per le batterie nucleari è tornato a crescere. Ad esempio, Betavolt ha introdotto una batteria da 3 volt con nichel-63 e un semiconduttore al diamante, progettata per durare 50 anni. E Arkenlight sta sviluppando batterie basate sui diamanti al carbonio-14. Sebbene i principi rimangano gli stessi, i progressi nei materiali e nella sicurezza stanno avvicinando la tecnologia all’uso nel mondo reale, senza la necessità di costruire reattori nucleari.

L'articolo Batterie nucleari sicure? Gli scienziati creano una batteria che può durare migliaia di anni proviene da il blog della sicurezza informatica.

We ran a story about a wall-mounted plotter bot this week, Mural. It’s a simple, but very well implemented, take on a theme that we’ve seen over and over again in various forms. Two lines, or in this case timing belts, hang the bot on a wall, and two motors drive it around. Maybe a servo pulls the pen in and out, but that’s about it. The rest is motor driving and code.

We were thinking about the first such bot we’ve ever seen, and couldn’t come up with anything earlier than Hektor, a spray-painting version of this idea by [Juerg Lehni]. And since then, it’s reappeared in numerous variations.

Some implementations mount the motors on the wall, some on the bot. There are various geometries and refinements to try to make the system behave more like a simple Cartesian one, but in the end, you always have to deal with a little bit of geometry, or just relish the not-quite-straight lines. (We have yet to see an implementation that maps out the nonlinearities using a webcam, for instance, but that would be cool.) If you’re feeling particularly reductionist, you can even do away with the pen-lifter entirely and simply draw everything as a connected line, Etch-a-Sketch style. Maslow CNC swaps out the pen for a router, and cuts wood.

What I love about this family of wall-plotter bots is that none of them are identical, but they all clearly share the same fundamental idea. You certainly wouldn’t call any one of them a “copy” of another, but they’re all related, like riffing off of the same piece of music, or painting the same haystack in different lighting conditions: robot jazz, or a study in various mechanical implementations of the same core concept. The collection of all wall bots is more than the sum of its parts, and you can learn something from each one. Have you made yours yet?

(Fantastic plotter-bot art by [Sarah Petkus] from her write-up ten years ago!)

This article is part of the Hackaday.com newsletter, delivered every seven days for each of the last 200+ weeks. It also includes our favorite articles from the last seven days that you can see on the web version of the newsletter. Want this type of article to hit your inbox every Friday morning? You should sign up!

hackaday.com/2025/03/29/contag…

Our colleague from the Pirate Party of Germany in Munich, Alexander Kohler, recently attended the Paris Defence and Strategy Forum (PDSF). The event was held at the École Militaire in Paris from March 11 to 13. The 2025 forum was themed “Europe at the Crossroads”. The event focused on defense alliances, geopolitical challenges, and the evolving global landscape. Mr. Kohler is the leader of the Pirate Security Conference, which takes place in February each year. For over 10 years the PSC has provided a space to discuss how technological advancements redefine security. ​The event takes place alongside the Munich Security Conference, drawing in experts who participate in both events. The insights gained from the PDSF help to engage diverse perspectives on digital rights and security policies.​

If you are interested in learning more about the PDSF, please read here: parisdefenceandstrategyforum.c…

For more information about the PSC, please read here: events.pirate-secon.net/

pp-international.net/2025/03/p…

Tektronix must have been quite a place to work back in the 1980s. The company offered a bewildering selection of test equipment, and while the digital age was creeping in, much of their gear was still firmly rooted in the analog world. And some of the engineering tricks the Tek wizards pulled off are still the stuff of legend.

One such gem of analog design was the SG505, an ultra-low-distortion oscillator module that [Paul] is trying to replicate with modern parts. That’s a tall order since not only did the original specs on this oscillator call for less than 0.0008% total harmonic distortion over a frequency range of 20 Hz to 20 kHz, but a lot of the components it used are no longer manufactured. Tek also tended to use a lot of custom parts, especially mechanical ones like the barrel switch used to select attenuation levels in the SG505, leaving [Paul] no choice but to engineer his way around them.

So far, [Paul] has managed to track down most of the critical components or source suitable substitutes. One major win was locating the original J-FET Tek used in the oscillator’s AGC circuit. One part that’s proven more elusive is the potentiometer that Tek used to adjust the frequency; who knew that finding a dual-gang precision wirewound 10k single-turn pot with no physical stop would be such a chore?

[Paul] still seems to be very much in the planning stages of this project yet, and that’s probably for the best since projects such as these live and die on proper planning. We’re keen to see how this develops, and we’re very much looking forward to seeing the FFT results. We also imagine he’ll be busting out his custom curve tracer at some point in the build, too.

hackaday.com/2025/03/29/recrea…

As everyone knows, no matter how many drill bits one owns, one inevitably needs a size that isn’t on hand. Well, if you ever find yourself needing to drill a hole that’s precisely 13 mm, here’s a trick from [AvE] to keep in mind for doing it with a 1/2″ bit. It’s a hack that only works in certain circumstances, but hey, it just may come in handy some day.

So the first step in making a 13 mm hole is to drill a hole with a 1/2″ bit. That’s easy enough. Once that’s done, fold a few layers of tinfoil over into a small square and lay it over the hole. Then put the drill bit onto the foil, denting it into the hole (but not puncturing it) with the tip, and drill at a slow speed until the foil wraps itself around the bit like a sheath and works itself into the hole. The foil enlarges the drill bit slightly and — as long as the material being drilled cooperates — resizes the hole a tiny bit bigger in the process. The basic idea can work with just about any drill bit.

It’s much easier demonstrated than described, so watch it in action in the video around the 2:40 mark which will make it all very clear.

It’s not the most elegant nor the most accurate method (the hole in the video actually ends up closer to 13.4 mm) but it’s still something worth keeping in the mental toolbox. Just file it away along with laying your 3D printer on its side to deal with tricky overhangs.

youtube.com/embed/RJ6IapMp6R8?…

hackaday.com/2025/03/29/how-to…

Ogni mese diventa sempre più evidente: le password non funzionano più. Gli hacker hanno imparato a eludere anche la protezione a due fattori sfruttando sessioni rubate e milioni di dati compromessi. In questo contesto, sempre più aziende stanno passando a un sistema di accesso senza password, non solo per comodità, ma anche per sopravvivere nella nuova realtà.

Uno dei segnali più allarmanti è stata l‘apparizione di una macchina di hacking automatizzata Atlantis AIO. È in grado di lanciare attacchi a oltre 140 servizi online, dalla posta allo streaming fino alla consegna di cibo. Funziona così: milioni di login e password rubati vengono acquistati sul darknet, dopodiché la macchina inizia a testarli in massa in modalità automatica. Atlantis dispone di moduli appositamente studiati per servizi specifici, con la possibilità di aggirare i CAPTCHA, intercettare le caselle di posta e persino ripristinare automaticamente l’accesso. Tutto ciò rende il furto di account non solo possibile, ma anche più scalabile che mai.

Gli esperti di Abnormal Security lo dicono chiaramente: questi strumenti trasformano anche i più inesperti pirati informatici in una minaccia a livello aziendale. Sono particolarmente vulnerabili gli account che utilizzano le stesse password, combinazioni deboli o una protezione a due fattori obsoleta. Secondo un nuovo rapporto di HYPR, il 49% delle aziende ha già subito violazioni dovute a vulnerabilità nei sistemi di identità e il 47% degli attacchi informatici è direttamente correlato alla compromissione delle password.

Ma ci sono anche buone notizie. Sempre più aziende stanno passando a metodi di accesso senza password, tra cui le passkey (chiavi di accesso) secondo lo standard FIDO. Tali tecnologie sono già supportate sia da Microsoft che da Google. HYPR chiama questo fenomeno “Rinascimento dell’identità”, in cui la sicurezza non è determinata dalla complessità della password ma dalla sua generale resistenza agli attacchi informatici.

Microsoft ha annunciato il lancio di un nuovo metodo di accesso per oltre un miliardo di utenti. Entro la fine di aprile, la maggior parte degli utenti Windows, Xbox e Microsoft 365 riceverà un’interfaccia aggiornata che darà priorità alla passkey rispetto alla password. Inoltre, se crei un nuovo account, non dovrai più pensare a una password: ti basterà inserire il tuo indirizzo email e confermarlo con un codice. In futuro il sistema offrirà la possibilità di salvare la passkey come metodo di accesso principale.

Google, a sua volta, ha ampliato l’area geografica di distribuzione delle sue chiavi di sicurezza fisiche Titan: ora sono disponibili in 22 Paesi, tra cui Australia, Irlanda, Singapore e Paesi Bassi. Sebbene l’utilizzo di tali chiavi sia meno comodo di quello di un passkey, aumenta notevolmente il livello di protezione.

Il risultato è semplice. Mentre alcune aziende stanno aggiornando i propri sistemi di sicurezza, altre continuano a vivere nel passato, affidandosi a password e a forme deboli di protezione a due fattori. E sono proprio queste organizzazioni le prime a essere attaccate. Abbandonare le password non è più un’utopia, ma un passo necessario da compiere subito.

L'articolo Addio alle password! La rivoluzione della sicurezza informatica è già iniziata proviene da il blog della sicurezza informatica.

Nel nostro blog abbiamo già fatto riferimento al GI-TOC, l'Iniziativa Globale contro la Transnational Organized Crime, un'organizzazione indipendente della società civile fondata nel 2013, con sede a Ginevra, in Svizzera, nata da una serie di discussioni di alto livello tra funzionari delle forze dell'ordine dei paesi sviluppati e in via di sviluppo a New York, nel 2011-12.
Di particolare interesse appare un articolo recentemente pubblicato sul sito Internet, dal titolo originale "Of kingdoms and crooks: The rise of geocriminality" (Di regni e truffatori: l'ascesa della geocriminalità) di Martin Thorley, che discute il fenomeno emergente degli stati che utilizzano le reti criminali come strumenti di politica estera. L'articolo cita diversi esempi di questa tendenza, tra cui l'uso di reti criminali da parte di Russia, Cina e Iran per omicidi, campagne di disinformazione, attacchi informatici e sabotaggi.

La relazione tra stati e attori criminali non è nuova, ma la connessione tra i due domini si sta evolvendo a causa della globalizzazione e dell'internazionalizzazione dei mercati. Storicamente, gli stati hanno utilizzato le reti criminali per la diplomazia clandestina, ma il più profondo coinvolgimento tra stati e reti criminali sta diventando un fenomeno più ampio e radicato. Questa nuova forma di strumentalizzazione statale del crimine è definita "geocriminalità".

È più probabile che la geocriminalità si verifichi in stati forti in patria ma isolati all'estero, poiché coloro che detengono il potere sono soggetti a un controllo e a una responsabilità limitati. Tuttavia, le condizioni necessarie per la geocriminalità non sono limitate agli stati autoritari e rimangono dubbi sulla sua fattibilità in altri contesti.

L'articolo si conclude osservando che comprendere lo sviluppo delle relazioni tra Stato e criminalità è essenziale per mitigare le minacce associate e che qualsiasi analisi significativa delle relazioni internazionali e della sicurezza nazionale dovrà sempre più tenere conto di questa configurazione dell'attività criminale e delle opache reti che la sostengono.
Il sito propone altresì sette interviste ad altrettanti esperti, che spaziano dai motivi per cui la Cina supporta il crimine organizzato alle sanzioni internazionali contro Corea del Nord (vedi il trailer qui youtube.com/watch?v=ahfav1pibw… ).

Lo scritto è reperibile [en] qui globalinitiative.net/analysis/…

#geocriminalità

@Politica interna, europea e internazionale

Dear Friend of Press Freedom,

Attacks on press freedom that used to seem outlandish or unlikely in the United States are happening across the country. Here’s the latest.

Targeting student op-ed writers threatens the free press

On Wednesday we published an article about how India’s revocation of American journalist Raphael Satter’s overseas citizenship to punish him for his reporting was a “not-so-farfetched” cautionary tale for the United States. “Once a government claims the power to use residency status as a cudgel to regulate speech, things escalate quickly and unpredictably,” wrote our advocacy director, Seth Stern.

But cautionary tales become realities quickly these days. The same day we published that piece, news broke that the Trump administration had abducted Rumeysa Ozturk, a Tufts University graduate student from Turkey. Masked men grabbed her off the street after an organization called Canary Mission had flagged her “anti-Israel activism,” which apparently consisted solely of cowriting an op-ed that was critical of the Israel-Gaza war. She has reportedly been transferred to a facility in Louisiana, despite a court order against moving her out of Massachusetts. The arrest comes weeks after reports that Columbia University investigated an op-ed writer in response to pressure from the administration.

We said in a statement that “if reports that Ozturk’s arrest was over an op-ed are accurate, it is absolutely appalling. No one would have ever believed, even during President Donald Trump’s first term, that masked federal agents would abduct students from American universities for criticizing U.S. allies in student newspapers. Anyone with any regard whatsoever for the Constitution should recognize how fundamentally at odds this is with our values.” We also joined a letter from the Student Press Law Center and other press freedom and collegiate organizations condemning the abduction and calling upon Tufts and Congress to take action and put themselves on the right side of history.

Max Frankel’s press freedom legacy

Max Frankel, a New York Times reporter and editor who helped push for the publication of the Pentagon Papers, died Sunday at the age of 94. A Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist, Frankel was well known for his decades of reporting. But it’s another piece of writing, not initially published in a newspaper, that holds a special place in First Amendment history.

An affidavit by Frankel filed in New York Times Co. v. United States, better known as the Pentagon Papers case, has become one of the most important public documents laying out the realities of national security reporting and Washington’s unspoken rules around government secrecy and leaks. Read more about Frankel’s legacy from FPF Senior Advocacy Adviser Caitlin Vogus.

NPR and PBS are just low-hanging fruit

At a congressional hearing this week, lawmakers attacked NPR and PBS for perceived bias and questioned whether there is still a need for the government to fund media these days. Trump separately said he wants both outlets defunded.

The stunt would’ve been concerning in normal times, but it’s particularly worrying now. Whether or not you think there’s a legitimate debate to be had about the government funding journalism, it’s clear that public media is just the low-hanging fruit — this administration intends to seize upon any and every legal theory, however far-fetched (or just ignore the law entirely), to punish the free press.

We joined a letter with the Committee to Protect Journalists and Reporters Without Borders (RSF) about the dangers of the administration’s attacks on NPR and PBS. Stern also had more to say on DW’s The Day, which also airs on several PBS stations.

New executive order gives DOGE more control over agency records

A new executive order has the potential to grant the Department of Government Efficiency more control over agency records, and hints that the Trump administration may be considering issuing a new executive order on classification.

Both could spell bad news for the public’s right to know. Read more here from our Daniel Ellsberg Chair on Government Secrecy, Lauren Harper.

Texas anti-SLAPP bill wouldn’t only impact journalists

The nonprofit consumer advocacy organization Public Citizen understands the importance of laws against frivolous lawsuits targeting speech, known as strategic lawsuits against public participation, or SLAPPs.

That’s why their litigation group has represented several Texas consumers who have been sued over their speech. For the latest in a series of interviews about the implications of attempts to weaken Texas’ anti-SLAPP laws, Vogus talked to Public Citizen attorney Paul Levy. Read the interview here.

What we’re reading

Israeli strikes kill two Gaza journalists, including Al Jazeera reporter (The Washington Post). Journalists are civilians, and targeting them is absolutely illegal and inexcusable. Everyone involved in these assassinations should be held accountable, including U.S. officials who bankroll war crimes.

Security lessons from a Signal group chat (FPF). Our digital security team explores what journalists can learn from this week’s big story — Atlantic editor Jeffrey Goldberg’s accidental inclusion in a sensitive Signal group chat about bombing apartment buildings and whatnot.

The AP’s freedom of speech — and yours (The Wall Street Journal). “Today the U.S. government wants to control the AP’s speech. Tomorrow it could be someone else’s.” Read why you should care about the White House banning the Associated Press, regardless of your political views.

Leakers to Musk: We’re ‘not Elon’s servants’ (Politico). “The public deserves to know how dysfunctional, destructive, and deceptive all of this has been and continues to be,” a Food and Drug Administration employee told Politico.

Was chaotic JFK declassification marred by National Archives firings? (The Classifieds). Harper questions whether errors in the recent declassification of JFK records, including exposing social security numbers, had something to do with Marco Rubio taking over the National Archives while also serving as Secretary of State.

freedom.press/issues/student-a…

Local newspapers play an indelible role in American journalism, reporting some of the country’s biggest stories from its smallest communities.

So when authorities in Marion, Kansas, and Clarksdale, Mississippi, attacked their local newspapers for coverage with which they disagreed, the outlets themselves became the story. And outrage quickly ignited across the U.S.

In February, a judge granted the City of Clarksdale an order requiring The Clarksdale Press Register to delete an editorial raising questions about transparency within the city’s government. And in 2023, police raided the Marion County Record’s newsroom and its publisher’s home over the paper’s use of a public website to verify a news tip.

In both cases, the officials involved had longstanding grudges with the newspapers over critical coverage long before the attacks made national headlines.

To get a first-hand perspective on the fight against these unconstitutional efforts to quash free speech, we spoke to Clarksdale Press Register Publisher Wyatt Emmerich and Marion County Record Publisher Eric Meyer in an online webinar on March 26, 2025.

Meyer said the similarities between his and Emmerich’s experiences are “just overwhelming.” One of those similarities was the backlash that followed.

“When they were raiding our office, I said, ‘This is going to be on the front page of The New York Times,’ and they laughed at me,” Meyer said. “It was on the front page of The New York Times.”

The police raid of the Marion County Record and the takedown order issued to The Clarksdale Press Register both stem from prior butting of heads with their local governments. In Meyer’s case, the paper had a “contentious” relationship with the town because “we had the audacity to actually report news and reported in a way that was not positive and uplifting to the city.”

Similarly, Emmerich said Clarkdale’s mayor took issue with their editorials “because he didn’t like our coverage,” and even organized a boycott against the paper. “The mayor offered me $30,000 to fire the editor,” Emmerich said. “We were the fly in the ointment, and he wanted to get rid of us as best he could.”

“He’s a younger mayor and just doesn’t understand the role of a traditional newspaper,” Emmerich continued. “He assumed that because he was mayor, the newspaper’s job was to do what he told us to do, and we didn’t do that.”

But even as tensions boiled over and the local governments in Marion and Clarksdale tried to throw sand in the gears of accountability, Emmerich and Meyer kept their papers’ presses rolling.

“It was two all-nighters to put out the paper because we lost everything,” Meyer said. “They took our backup drives. We didn’t even have our name plates.”

Emmerich said stunting a local paper like his, either in court through publishing gags or through other means, could decimate the community’s access to reliable information. Similarly, Meyer said he sees his paper as a challenger to assumption and an excavator of truth — not a placater to the public or the local government.

“We need to understand that there is a role for journalism in society, and that role is not necessarily being the cheerleader for the town,” he said. “We are here to present the views that aren't heard, to explore the facts that aren't explored.”

It’s been over a year since the police chief who led the raid on the Marion County Record resigned, but the fallout hasn’t ceased. Meyer said he is “keeping the lawyers busy” by suing the county, the city, the former police chief, and other individuals involved in the raid.

“We got so many subscriptions out of this. We’re the 121st largest town in Kansas, the 57th largest county. A year after the raid, we had the eighth largest paid circulation in the state.”

Eric Meyer, Marion County Record publisher

Meyer also plans on filing wrongful death suits. His 98-year-old mother, Joan Meyer, died a day after police executed a search warrant at the home they shared. Her death, he believes, was caused by the stress of the raid.

By standing up to intimidation that flew in the face of the journalism their papers produced, Emmerich and Meyer both experienced an outpouring of support thanks to the nationwide attention their cases received.

“We got so many subscriptions out of this. We’re the 121st largest town in Kansas, the 57th largest county,” Meyer said. “A year after the raid, we had the eighth largest paid circulation in the state.” Marion is a town of less than 2,000 residents.

Keeping a small town newspaper’s finances in check is essential, especially at a time when one-third of U.S. newspapers have shuttered since 2005. But Meyer and Emmerich agree that success isn’t just measured in dollar signs or subscriber rates. Their papers must hold power to account in order to fulfill their mandates.

“Because there's so little good local journalism, the good local journalism that is there tends to be very powerful and gets results,” Emmerich said. “And unfortunately, one of those results is pushback from the city council in the form of intimidation tactics and such.”

Despite being lifted, the publishing gag against The Clarksdale Press Register “did hurt us,” Emmerich said, but “we weathered that storm.” The paper is still vulnerable, however, because Mississippi is one of several states that lacks an anti-SLAPP law protecting journalists from legal actions known as strategic lawsuits against public participation that are brought in order to chill speech.

Still, both Emmerich and Meyer believe the risks they are taking to report the truth and hold officials accountable outweigh the consequences of playing it safe. After all, a public that is disengaged from its reality “sure as hell hurts democracy,” Meyer said. And in a country that routinely distrusts and villainizes local news, these attacks did not occur in a vacuum; if they can happen in Clarksdale or Marion, they can happen anywhere.

“People don’t think they can change things. I've written the same editorial probably 50 out of the 52 weeks in the year, just with different ways of expressing it,” Meyer said. “If you don't believe that you can make a difference in something, all you listen to are slogans. If you believe you can make a difference, you'll look at facts.”

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freedom.press/issues/local-new…