Geocriminalità e Cooperazione Internazionale di Polizia

2025-11-07 17:27:37

Il calcio è vulnerabile allo sfruttamento criminale.

Il calcio è vulnerabile allo sfruttamento criminale. Europol è pronta a sostenere la UEFA, anche sulla base della Convenzione di Macolin

Qualche giorno orsono #Europol e #UEFA (organo di governo del calcio europeo) hanno rinnovato ed esteso il loro Memorandum of Understanding, incentrato sulla prevenzione e la lotta alla criminalità tutelando al tempo stesso l'integrità del calcio europeo.

Il memorandum è stato firmato nella sede della UEFA a Nyon dal direttore esecutivo di Europol, Catherine De Bolle, e dal presidente della UEFA, Aleksander Čeferin. Europol e UEFA si sono impegnate a cooperare in attività e progetti congiunti. La partnership migliorerà le indagini, la condivisione delle informazioni e il supporto di esperti per le 55 federazioni affiliate alla UEFA.

L’accordo si basa sulla già esistente cooperazione tra le istituzioni, soprattutto nella lotta contro le partite truccate, ampliandone al tempo stesso la portata ad altre minacce legate alla criminalità organizzata. La cooperazione si concentra sullo scambio di informazioni e sulla condivisione di conoscenze nei settori dei principali eventi calcistici, della corruzione sportiva, delle partite truccate e del riciclaggio di denaro, del razzismo, della xenofobia e dell'estremismo violento, nonché delle attività illegali legate allo streaming o alla trasmissione illegali di contenuti audiovisivi. La cooperazione si estende all'individuazione di transazioni e attività sospette nei settori dei trasferimenti di giocatori di calcio, degli investimenti nelle squadre di calcio, dello scambio di attività finanziarie legate al calcio e delle scommesse sportive.

Anche l'assegnazione e l'organizzazione di competizioni sportive possono essere oggetto di abuso da parte dei criminali per riciclare proventi illeciti o per scopi di corruzione e rientrano quindi anche tra i possibili ambiti di cooperazione.

La “manipolazione” delle competizioni. Una definizione giuridica

Secondo la definizione giuridica, la manipolazione della competizione o la combine è “un'azione, un'omissione o un'inganno intenzionale volti a alterare impropriamente il risultato o lo svolgimento di una competizione sportiva al fine di eliminare in tutto o in parte la natura imprevedibile della competizione stessa, al fine di ottenere un indebito vantaggio per sé o per altri” (Convenzione del Consiglio d'Europa sulla manipolazione delle competizioni sportive, 2014, leggi sotto).

La manipolazione della competizione, nota anche come combine, si verifica quando il risultato di un torneo o di una competizione viene deciso in anticipo, in parte o completamente, e la partita viene giocata per garantire l'esito predeterminato. Ciò è contrario alle regole del gioco e spesso alla legge. Il motivo più comune per cui si ricorre alla combine è ottenere un compenso dagli scommettitori, ma le squadre possono anche intenzionalmente ottenere prestazioni scadenti per ottenere un vantaggio futuro, come, sulla carta, un avversario meno promettente in uno spareggio. Parimenti, la manipolazione della competizione si verifica quando un partecipante a una competizione sportiva (ad esempio un atleta, un allenatore, un giudice o un arbitro, ecc.) consapevolmente non ottiene risultati soddisfacenti o prende deliberatamente decisioni sbagliate che influenzano il risultato o l'andamento di una competizione, al fine di ottenere un beneficio indebito (solitamente un vantaggio sportivo o finanziario).

La Convenzione di Macolin

La Convenzione del Consiglio d'Europa sulla manipolazione delle competizioni sportive, comunemente nota come Convenzione di Macolin, è l'unico trattato internazionale giuridicamente vincolante specificamente concepito per prevenire, individuare e sanzionare la manipolazione delle competizioni sportive.

È stata stipulata a Macolin/Magglingen, in Svizzera, il 18 settembre 2014 ed è entrata in vigore il 1° settembre 2019, a seguito della ratifica da parte di cinque Stati, tre dei quali membri del Consiglio d'Europa.

La Convenzione mira a proteggere l'integrità dello sport e l'etica sportiva promuovendo il coordinamento nazionale e la cooperazione internazionale contro la manipolazione, sia essa legata ad attività criminali, scommesse sportive o altri motivi.

La Convenzione di Macolin stabilisce un quadro giuridico completo che impone agli Stati firmatari di attuare misure per combattere la manipolazione, tra cui l'identificazione dei rischi, la definizione di leggi e procedure necessarie e la promozione della cooperazione tra autorità pubbliche, organizzazioni sportive e operatori di scommesse.

Prevede la criminalizzazione della manipolazione da parte di persone fisiche e giuridiche, garantendo che le sanzioni disciplinari degli organismi sportivi non escludano la responsabilità penale, civile o amministrativa. Il trattato impone inoltre agli Stati di istituire piattaforme nazionali che fungano da centri di informazione per il monitoraggio e l'analisi di attività di scommesse sospette e di comunicare le coordinate di tali piattaforme e delle autorità responsabili al Consiglio d'Europa.

La convenzione definisce la manipolazione della competizione come un'intesa, un atto o un'omissione intenzionale volta a alterare impropriamente il risultato o lo svolgimento di una competizione per ottenere un indebito vantaggio, eliminando così la natura imprevedibile dello sport.

Fornisce una tipologia per diverse forme di manipolazione, tra cui l'interferenza diretta in un evento sportivo (Tipo 1), la modifica dell'identità o dei dati personali di un atleta (Tipo 2) e le modifiche non conformi relative all'attrezzatura, alle superfici di gioco o alla fisiologia dell'atleta (Tipo 3).

Questo quadro normativo mira a promuovere una comunicazione più chiara e a fornire una base statistica uniforme per l'identificazione dei rischi e delle minacce emergenti.

A novembre 2025, la Convenzione di Macolin è stata ratificata da Belgio, Francia, Grecia, Islanda, Italia, Lituania, Norvegia, Portogallo, Repubblica di Moldavia, San Marino, Serbia, Spagna, Svezia, Svizzera e Ucraina. È stata firmata anche da altri 41 Stati europei, oltre che da Australia e Marocco. Il nostro Paese ha aderito alla Convenzione, sottoscrivendola il 7 aprile 2016 ed approvandola in via definitiva al termine del percorso parlamentare l'11 aprile 2019; il 16 maggio 2019 è stata pubblicata in Gazzetta Ufficiale.

Il Comitato di monitoraggio della Convenzione, responsabile del monitoraggio dell'attuazione, comprende rappresentanti degli Stati firmatari e di altri organismi competenti e può effettuare visite per valutarne il rispetto.

La Convenzione è aperta alla ratifica sia degli Stati membri del Consiglio d'Europa che di Stati non membri, a dimostrazione della sua portata globale.

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Giorgetti: bene si a Magglingen, colpo duro contro scommesse e gioco illegali

«Il voto dell’Italia è decisivo per l’entrata in vigore in Europa delle misure di contrasto alle scommesse e al gioco illegali, in tutte le sue forme.» Così il ...

^{Dipartimento per lo Sport}

404 Media

2025-12-22 23:46:13

Archivists Posted the 60 Minutes CECOT Segment Bari Weiss Killed

Archivists have saved and uploaded copies of the 60 Minutes episode new CBS editor-in-chief Bari Weiss ordered be shelved as a torrent and multiple file sharing sites after an international distributor aired the episode.

The moves show how difficult it may be for CBS to stop the episode, which focused on the experience of Venezuelans deported to El Salvadorian mega prison CECOT, from spreading across the internet. Bari Weiss stopped the episode from being released Sunday even after the episode was reviewed and checked multiple times by the news outlet, according to an email CBS correspondent Sharyn Alfonsi sent to her colleagues.

“You may recall earlier this year when the Trump administration deported hundreds of Venezuelan men to El Salvador, a country most had no connection to,” the show starts, according to a copy viewed by 404 Media.

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Archivists Posted the 60 Minutes CECOT Segment Bari Weiss Killed

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404 Media

2025-12-22 17:42:58

Podcast: Marisa Kabas on Landing Big Scoops as an Independent Journalist

Marisa Kabas is the founder of The Handbasket, an independent newsletter and website that has been breaking stories left and right about government workers, the media business, and Trump’s mass deportation campaign. Please go subscribe to The Handbasket here!

In this episode of the podcast, Jason and Marisa share notes Marisa about doing journalism without a big newsroom, how the media business has changed over the last decade, and why sources often prefer to talk to journalists who don’t work for mainstream media.
playlist.megaphone.fm?e=TBIEA5…
Stories discussed:

Truth, morality and independence in journalism under the second Trump regime
My full remarks to students and faculty at Grinnell College.
The HandbasketMarisa Kabas

Breaking: The Handbasket is first to report catastrophic OMB funding memo
Posted on Bluesky earlier this evening, other major outlets have since confirmed.
The HandbasketMarisa Kabas

Move fast and break people
For Elon Musk’s government, the psychological warfare is the point.
The HandbasketMarisa Kabas

Listen to the weekly podcast on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or YouTube. Become a paid subscriber for access to this episode's bonus content and to power our journalism. If you become a paid subscriber, check your inbox for an email from our podcast host Transistor for a link to the subscribers-only version! You can also add that subscribers feed to your podcast app of choice and never miss an episode that way. The email should also contain the subscribers-only unlisted YouTube link for the extended video version too. It will also be in the show notes in your podcast player.

Or watch it here:
youtube.com/embed/e73spvZnc9s?…

Move fast and break people

For Elon Musk's government, the psychological warfare is the point.

^{Marisa Kabas (The Handbasket)}

404 Media

2025-12-22 16:05:19

Flock Exposed Its AI-Powered Cameras to the Internet. We Tracked Ourselves

I am standing on the corner of Harris Road and Young Street outside of the Crossroads Business Park in Bakersfield, California, looking up at a Flock surveillance camera bolted high above a traffic signal. On my phone, I am watching myself in real time as the camera records and livestreams me—without any password or login—to the open internet. I wander into the intersection, stare at the camera and wave. On the livestream, I can see myself clearly. Hundreds of miles away, my colleagues are remotely watching me too through the exposed feed.

Flock left livestreams and administrator control panels for at least 60 of its AI-enabled Condor cameras around the country exposed to the open internet, where anyone could watch them, download 30 days worth of video archive, and change settings, see log files, and run diagnostics.

Unlike many of Flock’s cameras, which are designed to capture license plates as people drive by, Flock’s Condor cameras are pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) cameras designed to record and track people, not vehicles. Condor cameras can be set to automatically zoom in on people’s faces as they walk through a parking lot, down a public street, or play on a playground, or they can be controlled manually, according to marketing material on Flock’s website. We watched Condor cameras zoom in on a woman walking her dog on a bike path in suburban Atlanta; a camera followed a man walking through a Macy’s parking lot in Bakersfield; surveil children swinging on a swingset at a playground; and film high-res video of people sitting at a stoplight in traffic. In one case, we were able to watch a man rollerblade down Brookhaven, Georgia’s Peachtree Creek Greenway bike path. The Flock camera zoomed in on him and tracked him as he rolled past. Minutes later, he showed up on another exposed camera livestream further down the bike path. The camera’s resolution was good enough that we were able to see that, when he stopped beneath one of the cameras, he was watching rollerblading videos on his phone.

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The exposure was initially discovered by YouTuber and technologist Benn Jordan and was shared with security researcher Jon “GainSec” Gaines, who recently found numerous vulnerabilities in several other models of Flock’s automated license plate reader (ALPR) cameras. They shared the details of what they found with me, and I verified many of the details seen in the exposed portals by driving to Bakersfield to walk in front of two cameras there while I watched myself on the livestream. I also pulled Flock’s contracts with cities for Condor cameras, pulled details from company presentations about the technology, and geolocated a handful of the cameras to cities and towns across the United States. Jordan also filmed himself in front of several of the cameras on the Peachtree Creek Greenway bike path. Jordan said he and Gaines discovered many of the exposed cameras with Shodan, an internet of things search engine that researchers regularly use to identify improperly secured devices.
youtube.com/embed/vU1-uiUlHTo?…
After finding links to the feed, “immediately, we were just without any username, without any password, we were just seeing everything from playgrounds to parking lots with people, Christmas shopping and unloading their stuff into cars,” Jordan told me in an interview. “I think it was like the first time that I actually got like immediately scared … I think the one that affected me most was as playground. You could see unattended kids, and that’s something I want people to know about so they can understand how dangerous this is.” In a YouTube video about his research, Jordan said he was able to use footage pulled from the exposed feed to identify specific people using open source investigation tools in order to show how trivially an exposure like this could be abused.
Benn Jordan
Last year, Flock introduced AI features to Condor cameras that automatically zoom in on people as they walk by. In Flock’s announcement of this feature, it explained that this technology “zooms in on a suspect exiting one car, stealing an item from another, and returning to his vehicle. Every detail is captured, providing invaluable evidence for investigators.” On several of the exposed feeds, we saw Flock cameras repeatedly zooming in on and tracking random people as they walked by. The cameras can be controlled by AI or manually.

The exposure highlights the fact that Flock is not just surveilling cars—it is surveilling people, and in some cases it is doing so in an insecure way, and highlight the types of places that its Condor cameras are being deployed. Condor cameras are part of Flock’s ever-expanding quest to “prevent crime,” and are sometimes integrated with its license plate cameras, its gunshot detection microphones, and its automated camera drones.

Cooper Quintin, senior staff technologist at the Electronic Frontier Foundation, told me the behavior he saw in videos we shared with him “shows that Flock's ambitions go far beyond license-plate surveillance. They want to be a nation-wide panopticon, watching everyone all the time. Flock's goal isn't to catch stolen cars, their goal is to have total surveillance of everyone all the time."

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The cameras were left not just livestreaming to the internet for anyone who could find the link, but in many cases their administrative portals were left open with no login credentials required whatsoever. On this portal, some camera settings could be changed, diagnostics could be run, and text logs of what the camera was doing were being streamed, too. Thirty days of the camera’s archive was left available for anyone to watch or download from any of the cameras that we found. We were not able to geolocate every camera that was left unprotected, but we found cameras at a New York City Department of Transportation parking lot, on a street corner in suburban New Orleans, in random cul-de-sacs, in a Lowes parking lot, in the parking lot of a skatepark, at a pool, outside a parking garage, at an apartment complex, outside a church, on a bike path, and at various street intersections around the country.

Quintin told me the situation reminds him of ALPR cameras from another company that were left unprotected a decade ago.

“This is not the first time we have seen ALPRs exposed on the public internet, and it won't be the last. Law enforcement agencies around the country have been all too eager to adopt mass surveillance technologies, but sometimes they have put little effort into ensuring the systems are secure and the sensitive data they collect on everyday people is protected,” Quintin said. “Law enforcement should not collect information they can’t protect. Surveillance technology without adequate security measures puts everyone’s safety at risk.”

It was not always clear which business or agency owned specific cameras that were left exposed, or what type of misconfiguration led to the exposure, though I was able to find a $348,000 Flock contract for Brookhaven, Georgia, which manages the Peachtree Creek Greenway, and includes 64 Condor cameras.

"This was a limited misconfiguration on a very small number of devices, and it has since been remedied," a Flock spokesperson told 404 Media. It did not answer questions about what caused the misconfiguration or how many devices ultimately were affected.

💡
Do you know anything else about surveillance? I would love to hear from you. Using a non-work device, you can message me securely on Signal at jason.404. Otherwise, send me an email at jason@404media.co.

In response to Jordan and Gaines’ earlier research on vulnerabilities in other Flock cameras, Flock CEO Garrett Langley said in a LinkedIn post that “The Flock system has not been hacked. We secure customer data to the highest standard of industry requirements, including strict industry standard encryption. Flock’s cloud storage has never been compromised.” The exposure of these video feeds is not a hack of Flock’s system, but demonstrates a major misconfiguration of at least some cameras. It also highlights a major misconfiguration in its security that persisted for at least days.

“When I was making my last video [about Flock ALPR vulnerabilities], it was almost like a catchphrase where I'd say like, ‘I don't see how it could get any worse.’ And then something would happen where you'd be like, wow, they pulled it off. They made it worse,” Jordan said. “And then this is like the ultimate one. Because this is completely unrelated [to my earlier research] and I don’t really know how it could be any worse to be honest.”

In a 2023 video webinar introducing the Condor platform to police, Flock executives said the cameras are meant to be paired with their ALPR cameras and are designed to feed video to FlockOS, a police panel that allows cops to hop from camera to camera in real time across a mapped-out view of their city. In Bakersfield, which has 382 Flock cameras according to a transparency report, one of the Condor cameras we saw was located next to a mall that had at least two Flock ALPR cameras stationed at the entrances to the mall parking lot.

Kevin Cox, a Flock consultant who used to work for the Grand Prairie, Texas Police Department, said in the webinar that he built an “intel center” with a high “density” of Flock cameras in that city. “I am passionate about this because I’ve lived it. The background behind video [Condor] with LPR is rich with arrests,” he said. “That rich experience of seeing what happened kind of brings it alive to [judges]. So video combined with the LPR evidence of placing a vehicle at the scene or nearby is an incredibly game changing experience into the prosecutorial chain of events.”

“You can look down a tremendous distance with our cameras, to the next intersection and the next intersection,” he said. “The camera will identify people, what they’re wearing, and cars up to a half a mile away. It’s that good.”

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Condor cameras in a Flock demo showing off its AI tracking features

In the webinar Cox pulled up a multiview panel of a series of cameras and took control of them, dragging, panning, and zooming on cameras and hopping between multiple cameras in real time. Cox suggested that police officers could either use Flock’s cameras to pinpoint a person at a place and time and then use it to request “cell tower dumps” from wireless companies, or could use cell GPS data to then go into the Flock system to track a person as they moved throughout a city. “If you can place that person’s cell phone and then the Condor video and Falcon LPR evidence, it would be next to impossible to beat that in court,” he said, adding that some towns may just want to have always-on, always recording video of certain intersections or town squares. “There’s endless endless uses to what we can do with these things.”

On the webinar, Seth Cimino, who was a police officer at the Citrus Heights, California police department at the time but now works directly for Flock, told participants that officers in his city enjoyed using the cameras to zoom in on crimes.

“There is an eagerness amongst our staff that are logged in that have their own Flock accounts to be able to monitor our ALPR and pan tilt zoom Condor cameras throughout the community, to a point where sometimes our officers are beating dispatch with the information,” he said. “If there’s an incident that occurs at a specific intersection or a short distance away where our Condor cameras can zoom in on that area, it allows for real time overwatch […] as I sit here right now with you—how cool is this? We just had a Flock alert here in the city. I mean, it just popped up on my screen!”

Samantha Cole contributed reporting.

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