[2026-01-12] Presentazione "La scimmia" di Matteo Cateni @ NextEmerson
Presentazione "La scimmia" di Matteo Cateni
NextEmerson - Via di Bellagio 15, zona Castello - Firenze
(lunedì, 12 gennaio 20:30)
Talk in con Matteo Cateni, autore, attore e militante Livornese; la chiacchierata sarà sulla sua esperienza detentiva tra Ecuador e Rebibbia, il degrado delle strutture penali, il disagio emotivo della detenzione e le difficoltà di reinserimento, specialmente dopo le pene più lunghe.
Dalle 20.30 cena benefit
21 30 Talk in
[2026-01-16] Alfredo Garcia, Orrendo Subotnick, Flashover @ NextEmerson
Alfredo Garcia, Orrendo Subotnick, Flashover
NextEmerson - Via di Bellagio 15, zona Castello - Firenze
(venerdì, 16 gennaio 21:30)
La Repubblica Popolare del R’n’R carica il 2026 con:
- Alfredo Garcia (Toscana Garage Freaks)
- Orrendo Subotnick (Pisa Punk’n’Roll)
- Flashover (Casentino Hard 90’s)
dischivolanti.ch/en/article/mu…
Venerdì 16 gennaio, ore 21:30 al Next Emerson, Via di Bellagio 15, Firenze
[2026-01-17] Buck the wall - krump @ Csa Next-Emerson
Buck the wall - krump
Csa Next-Emerson - Via di Bellagio 15
(sabato, 17 gennaio 18:00)
18:00 proiezione "rize" (documentario sul krump + talk)
20:00 cena popolare
21:30 sessione di krump
Cos'è il krump?
Il krumping o krumpin' è una forma di danza nata presso la comunità afro-americana del sud di Los Angeles in California e si può definire come una forma relativamente nuova di danza "urbana".
[2026-01-31] 🔥 RUDIES BUT GOODIES 🎂 Special Edition 37 anni CSA Intifada! @ CSA Intifada
🔥 RUDIES BUT GOODIES 🎂 Special Edition 37 anni CSA Intifada!
CSA Intifada - Via XXV Aprile, Ponte a Elsa
(sabato, 31 gennaio 19:00)
Serata imperdibile....🔥 RUDIES BUT GOODIES 🎂 Special Edition 37 anni CSA Intifada! Una notte reggaeggiante! sound system, Resistenza e cibo strabono!
Sabato 31 gennaio una notte speciale al CSA Intifada di Empoli.
Un evento che unisce Persone, storie, lotte, musica, sound system, vinili, cucina bio e Resistenza,
per festeggiare come si deve 37 anni di spazio liberato e autogestito.
🕖 Open dalle ore 19:00
🎶 Dopo cena ingresso gratuito fino alle 23:00
💥 Dalle 23:00 ingresso a offerta libera (graditi 3€)
🔥 BIG PARTY NIGHT 🔥
🔊 SOUL ROCKERS SOUND SYSTEM
Con il suo impianto originale e potente che viaggia dentro e fuori i confini italiani,
porta nella dance il suono jamaicano originale:
ska, rocksteady, early reggae, roots & dub.
👉 Rigorosamente solo vinili originali 45”💣.
🎤 SPECIAL GUEST · DOC MURDOC (London 🇬🇧)
Toaster della scena reggae londinese,
voce potente e tradizione UK sound system🔥.
🎧 FOLLOTHEVIBES✊️
Compagno e resident DJ del CSA Intifada,
selezioni profonde, militanti e autentiche.
🍽 Special food by MB ECO CUCINA LAB😋
Cucina stagionale con prodotti del territorio tra radici siciliane e tradizioni Toscana.
👉 Cena con prenotazione consigliata!!!
✊ CSA INTIFADA🇵🇸
Sono 37 anni di occupazione.
Il CSA Intifada continua a vivere come spazio liberato e autogestito,
laboratorio sociale e politico fatto di progettualità, solidarietà, concerti,
palestra popolare, gruppo di acquisto e sede sindacale COBAS.
Un luogo attraversato da tre generazioni di occupanti, protagoniste di lotte ambientali, studentesche e sociali:
dal nucleare a Genova 2001, dal Chiapas zapatista al Rojava,
fino alla solidarietà con la Palestina, portata avanti dal 1988 fino alle mobilitazioni e raccolte fondi contro il genocidio in corso.
✊ SOSTENIAMO I CENTRI SOCIALI E GLI SPAZI LIBERATI🔥
🔥 QUE VIVA ASKATASUNA 🔥
📍 CSA Intifada👉
Via 25 Aprile – Ponte a Elsa (Empoli)
instagram.com/p/DTKkt5ripB7/?i…
[2026-01-17] Niño One man band @ spazio Nino, Pinerolo
Niño One man band
spazio Nino, Pinerolo - via Midana
(sabato, 17 gennaio 20:30)
Niño One man band night
Sabato 17 gennaio
Dalle 20:30:
MANDURIA (Milano surf n'trash&roll)
VIOLINO BANFI (Piossasco cow punk)
FABIO BALMAS (Pinerolo half man band)
Un’élite eversiva si è impadronita dei governi di quasi tutti i Paesi occidentali. I suoi emissari nei governi considerano i propri cittadini come nemici da estinguere mediante pandemie, guerre, carestie e criminalità. Sono decenni che i globalisti orgogliosamente rivendicano la paternità dei progetti di depopolamento, nel silenzio complice della stampa mainstream e di tutte le istituzioni civili e religiose. E se i crimini della farsa psicopandemica e le frodi dell’emergenza climatica sono ormai innegabili, appare ormai evidente che il comparto da eliminare è proprio quello dell’agroalimentare, oggi troppo parcellizzato e quindi poco controllabile a livello globale.
Il Mercosur è un trattato di libero scambio con Argentina, Brasile, Bolivia, Paraguay e Uruguay a seguito del quale l’Europa sarà invasa da alimenti prodotti da coltivazioni o allevamenti non sottoposti alle nostre ferree regole sanitarie. La sua approvazione costituisce un attacco all’agricoltura, agli allevamenti, alla pesca e alla salute dei cittadini europei, che avrà come risultato la distruzione del tessuto socioeconomico di intere Nazioni e la dipendenza alimentare dalle multinazionali del settore, tutte riferibili ai fondi di investimento BlackRock, Vanguard e StateStreet che stanno saccheggiando le terre agricole.
L’asservimento dei governanti agli interessi dell’élite globalista è ancor più evidente dinanzi alla pianificazione della sostituzione etnica, perseguita allo scopo di cancellare l’identità religiosa, culturale, linguistica ed economica degli Stati e poter meglio controllare le masse. Da Starmer a Macron, da Rutte a Sanchez, dalla von der Leyen alla Meloni, la sorveglianza totale è ormai in fase di realizzazione e diventerà irreversibile con l’introduzione della valuta digitale e l’obbligo dell’ID univoco per l’accesso ai servizi essenziali.
Esprimo quindi il mio pieno sostegno alle manifestazioni di protesta degli agricoltori e degli allevatori europei e britannici, in queste settimane fatti oggetto di una vera e propria persecuzione spietata e ingiustificata. Auspico che i cittadini diano pieno appoggio a queste categorie particolarmente colpite, anzitutto acquistando direttamente da loro ciò che producono, perché è grazie alla loro presenza che possiamo mangiare in modo sano ed evitare alimenti ultraprocessati o geneticamente modificati. Invito a boicottare le aziende della grande distribuzione che sostengono il Mercosur e penalizzano la produzione interna.
L’Unione Europea è un’associazione eversiva criminale: essa non può essere “cambiata dal di dentro”, va semplicemente rasa al suolo.
Arcivescovo Carlo Maria Viganò
Black Axe: gruppo criminale nigeriano che conduce attacchi BEC in Spagna
@Informatica (Italy e non Italy 😁)
È interessante il caso dell’operazione condotta dalla Polizia Nazionale spagnola, con la collaborazione della polizia bavarese e il supporto operativo di EUROPOL, che ha portato alla disarticolazione di una sofisticata cellula dedita al ciberfraude, direttamente
In the aftermath of Github banning or suspending dozens of popular accounts, the erotic game modding community wonders if they should move to platforms like GitGoon instead.#Github #platforms #ContentModeration
Science Under the Yoke of Value: A Phenomenological Inquiry Into the Evaluation Machinery - Nexa Center for Internet & Society
Maurizio Borghi, Ivo De Gennaro, Gino Zaccaria | 2025 | RoutledgeNexa Admin (Nexa Center for Internet & Society)
L’eutanasia e “La grazia”
“Di chi sono i nostri giorni?”. Questa è la domanda del nuovo film di Paolo Sorrentino, La grazia, che più mi ha colpito. Chi decide della nostra vita e del nostro tempo?
Dal mio punto di vista, di chi segue legalmente le persone che chiedono di poter scegliere della propria vita e dei propri giorni, la risposta non può che essere: quella vita e quei giorni sono nostri.
“Di chi sono i nostri giorni?”. È questa la domanda che si pone il Presidente della Repubblica, protagonista del film. Che mi fa ripensare a Giorgio Napolitano e a Piergiorgio Welby. Al Presidente della Repubblica che rispose, nel 2006, a un uomo che chiedeva di poter morire perché la vita che gli era rimasta non era più tollerabile. Napolitano, in quella lettera, scriveva che il Parlamento avrebbe dovuto affrontare la questione e che “l’unico atteggiamento ingiustificabile sarebbe il silenzio”. Quel silenzio, politicamente, dura ancora oggi.
“Di chi sono i nostri giorni?”. La sentenza Cappato della Corte costituzionale indica una risposta chiara a quella domanda: i nostri giorni sono nostri. Ci sono dei requisiti, naturalmente, come nell’esercizio di qualsiasi libertà. Ma i nostri giorni sono nostri.
E, infatti, a oggi, dodici persone hanno avuto accesso alla morte medicalmente assistita. Dodici persone cui lo Stato, grazie a quella sentenza, non ha voltato le spalle.
Ma altre sono morte prima che fossero eseguite le verifiche necessarie per l’accesso alla morte volontaria. Altre sono state costrette ad andare in Svizzera. Ci sono sei procedimenti penali in corso in cui Marco Cappato e altre tredici persone sono processate o indagate per aver aiutato chi non poteva più aspettare. E ci sono persone che aspettano ancora una risposta, un aiuto che non arriva, mentre il tempo passa e il corpo si consuma.
Questo film ricorda a tutti, ancora una volta, che l’assenza di una buona legge sul fine vita non è neutralità e non è rispetto della vita e dei più fragili. È una scelta politica, di ignavia e procrastinazione. E questa scelta pesa sui corpi, sulle vite, sulle attese infinite di chi soffre.
Come Associazione Luca Coscioni continueremo a fare ciò che abbiamo sempre fatto: stare accanto alle persone, difenderle, essere — come ci ha definiti Marianna Aprile — “supplenti dello Stato” quando lo Stato non rimuove gli ostacoli all’esercizio di diritti fondamentali, come impone la Costituzione.
Ma il futuro non può essere fatto solo di supplenze.
Il legislatore deve assumersi la responsabilità di leggi all’altezza della Costituzione. Gli strumenti ci sono. Una legge giusta sul fine vita esiste già: è la proposta di legge popolare “Eutanasia legale” che abbiamo depositato in Parlamento insieme a 74mila cittadine e cittadini. È lì, pronta. Basterebbe discutere, ragionare e scegliere.
Perché decidere è un atto umano prima ancora che giuridico. E non decidere, ancora una volta, sarebbe la forma più irresponsabile e crudele di esercitare il potere. È tempo che chi ha il potere di decidere scelga di farlo. Insomma, “di chi sono i nostri giorni?”.
L'articolo L’eutanasia e “La grazia” proviene da Associazione Luca Coscioni.
Nicola Pizzamiglio likes this.
Oggi celebriamo la Giornata nazionale della bandiera.
Il #7gennaio di 229 anni fa nasceva il nostro #tricolore! 🇮🇹
Qui la dichiarazione del Ministro Giuseppe Valditara ➡️ mim.gov.
Ministero dell'Istruzione
Oggi celebriamo la Giornata nazionale della bandiera. Il #7gennaio di 229 anni fa nasceva il nostro #tricolore! 🇮🇹 Qui la dichiarazione del Ministro Giuseppe Valditara ➡️ https://www.mim.gov.Telegram
What will happen in tech policy during 2026?
WELCOME BACK TO THE MONTHLY free editionof Digital Politics.I'm Mark Scott, and Happy New Year!
As I plan for the year ahead, I'm looking to arrange more in-person events — mostly because it's great to connect with people in real life. If that sounds something you'd be interested in, please fill out this survey to help my planning.
Just as the last newsletterlooked back over what happened in 2025, this first edition of the new year focuses on how global tech policy will evolve over the next 12 months. I've skipped the clichés — 'AI will consume everything,' 'Washington and Brussels won't get along' — to highlight macro trends that, imo, will underpin what will likely be a bumpy road ahead.
Some of my predictions will be wrong. That's OK — no one's perfect.
What follows is my best guess at the topics which will dominate 2026 at a time when geopolitics, technology and economic competitiveness have become intertwined like never before.
Let's get started:
The end of US digital leadership?
AS THE LAST WEEK HAS SHOWN, we're living through a very different reality for the United States' standing in the world compared to any time since the 19th century. Donald Trump's administration has blown hot and cold on digital policy, often preferring the analogue geopolitics of traditional Great Powers over the wonkery associated with artificial intelligence governance and digital public infrastructure.
Yet Washington will assert itself in global digital policymaking circles in three ways during 2026. How the rest of the (democratic) world responds will determine if the US can still hold onto the claim of leading the free world. Or, in a once-in-a–generation shift, will other countries will start to form different, non-US alliances that will increasingly sideline the Trump administration and other US lawmakers/officials?
I'm still not sure how this will play out. But I'm increasingly coming to terms that as much as non-US officials/politicians want to maintain close ties with the world's largest economy, the last 12 months has cemented many people's view that the US no longer holds a leadership position on tech policy (if, frankly, it ever did.)
But I'm skipping steps.
Thanks for reading the free monthly version of Digital Politics. Paid subscribers receive at least one newsletter a week. If that sounds like your jam, please sign up here.
Here's what paid subscribers read in December:
— How the child online safety battle is a proxy for a wider battle around digital platforms; The European Union is not shifting its stance on tech because of the United States; Here's the price of what your personal data is worth. More here.
— Exclusive polling from YouGov on what Europeans think about tech policy; What the White House's National Security Strategy means for US tech policy; How Washington linked digital to a spate of new trade/tariff deals. More here.
— How Australia's social media ban is a response to policymakers' lack of understanding about how social media works; The international implications of the White House's proposed moratorium on AI oversight; The latest rankings of AI models, based on transparency indicators. More here.
— The five lessons about global digital policymaking that I learned in 2025. More here.
First, Washington will likely take a vocal position in promoting the US "AI Stack" to the rest of the world. That includes connecting future tariff/trade deals with pledges from third-party countries to not pass comprehensive (or any?) AI regulation or legislation. It will also see US industry work hand-in-glove with the Trump administration, via the US Commerce Department, to offer financing support so that other governments can buy the latest wares from Nvidia, Microsoft and OpenAI. Those companies don't exactly need state-backed financing to make such deals.
This combination will stand in stark contrast to what Europe and China are similarly doing to promote their own AI stacks, at home and abroad. It will also likely force countries to pick a side — either accept the current US approach of no regulation and US infrastructure, or be perceived as a potential enemy to American "AI dominance."
Second, expect a more vocal pushback against non-US competition rules (aka: the European Union's Digital Markets Act) and any form of online safety legislation (aka: the United Kingdom's Online Safety Act.)
As I explained in the last newsletter, non-US digital antitrust enforcement is a bigger issue than the "Culture Wars" dog whistling associated with unproven claims that online safety rules are akin to free speech censorship. But as other countries like Brazil and Australia push aggressively ahead with checks on social media's power, as well as the ongoing enforcement of the EU's DMA and the UK's Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act, Washington will likely call out these countries in ways that force local officials to choose a side.
Many will not want to be put in that position. But just as we saw with US officials' sabre-rattling when the EU fined X $130 million under its Digital Services Act, upcoming enforcement actions (via online safety and digital competition legislation) will lead to similarly vocal rebuttals from Washington. At that point, non-US policymakers need to make a choice: either implement local laws or kow-tow to Washington's demands.
Third, the US will almost certainly connect the EU's digital rulebook, including the soon to be pared-back AI Act, with the simmering transatlanic trade war. It's hard to see how that makes much sense, given the US' trade surplus, in services, with the 27-country bloc. But Washington has already voiced concerns that the EU's digital legislation equates to so-called non-tariff trade measures. This year will see such talk turn into action, potentially via increased tariffs on Europe's non-digital goods (where the bloc runs a trade surplus with the US).
If/when that happens, EU officials will again be put in a tough spot. They will have to choose to shift gears on digital rulemaking — all in the name of saving French cheese makers or German auto parts manufacturers from hefty tariff hikes — or live with the consequences of bringing the so-called "Brussels Effect" into reality.
The rise of China as the internet governor
I WILL ADMIT I'M NO CHINA EXPERT. But even with my non-China focus, it's hard not to see Beijing taking an ever increasing leadership position on internet governance in 2026.
Even for me, this may sound geeky. Bear with me.
Internet governance (and all the global standards that come with it) is the backbone of how the current digital world works. For decades, it was the US that led, globally, to shape those conversations around an open, interoperable internet which has become the game-changing technology that we all know and love.
Yet over the last decade, China has positioned itself as an increasingly important player. It has reshaped the conversation so that governments — and not other stakeholders like industry and civil society — are the key decisionmakers in how the next stage of internet governance protocols are negotiated.
This year will be when Beijing's steady rise as the go-to internet standards provider comes into its own.
In part, that's down to the significant pullback from Washington and a failure by other democratic countries to fill the breach left by the Trump administration's decision to turn its back on such multistakeholder negotiations. It also has a lot to do with China's clever diplomacy which has seen the world's second largest economy align itself with many Global Majority countries to create a coalition of the willing behind Beijing's authoritarian approach to internet governance.
Much of this year will be about framing China's state-first approach ahead of the upcoming World Radiocommunication Conference next year in Shanghai. This four-year event is about finalizing an international treaty for how global radio airwaves (central to mobile telecommunication) are divvied up between countries. For a much more in-depth understanding of why this matters, read this.
That set-piece event will be preceded, in 2026, with a full-court press from Beijing — especially within United Nations agencies where tech policy has taken on increased importance — to cement a state-first approach to internet governance. Without Washington to hold the line (and other democratic countries stepping into that position), Beijing will have much of the chessboard to itself.
This closed-doors diplomacy will define how much of the internet over the next decade will be created. Mostly in China's image.
The AI slop cometh for elections
TWO YEARS AGO, I WROTE A SERIES OF STORIESthat asked everyone to calm down about the impact of artificial intelligence on the election-palazoo that was 2024.
Now I come with a different rallying cry: it's time to freak out.
I still find it hard to suggest AI will unfairly skew the outcome of any election this year. That doesn't give people enough credit for the complex decisions that we all go through in deciding who to vote for. Just because you see some form of election-related AI slop on social media doesn't mean, in general, that you'll change the way that you'll vote for a candidate.
Where I am concerned, however, is the level of sophistication that such AI-generated now represents. It's not just the fact people can upload their images to OpenAI's Sora 2 and go crazy. It's also that digital tricksters (or opposing candidates) can bombard social media with such convincing fakery that some voters will start to question everything that they read/see/listen to online.
Here's a stat for you. In 2025, more than 150 YouTube channels accumulated 5.3 million followers and created roughly 56,000 videos, with combined total views of almost 1.2 billion, that attacked British prime minister Keir Starmer with AI-generated fakery, according to a report from Reset Tech, an advocacy group. That, unfortunately, is not a unique event after politicians from Ireland to the Netherlands to the US and Pakistan also were targeted via AI slop to undermine their campaigns.
Fast-forward to later this year, and the 2026 US mid-terms look set to be defined as the AI slop election cycle, mostly due to the lack of legal checks on how such AI fakery can spread across social media within the US (despite a series of voluntary corporate pledges to combat this threat.)
Many of these posts will be so outlandish as to be called out, almost immediately. But it's the slow drip of AI slop into our collective election mindset that worries me. As with all types of disinformation, it's not a singular piece of content that you need to debunk. It's the cavalcade of ongoing and repeated attempts to undermine people's trust in electoral processes — this time, via AI slop — that has me freaking out.
One AI-generated falsehood about a candidate is one thing. But if you do that at scale (and now, almost at zero cost), as well as use AI tools to generate legitimate electoral material, then the dividing line between real and fake becomes so blurry as to not matter anymore.
Unfortunately, this year will be the turning point into such mass election-related AI slop.
The protection of kids online get real
WE'RE LESS THAN A MONTH INTO Australia's effort to keep anyone under 16 years of age off (most) social media. It's still too early to gauge the impact. But from such bans popping up from Virginia to Malaysia to countries enacting separate legislation to determine the age of people accessing some online services, 2026 marks when policymakers' attempts to keep kids safe online become real.
Personally, I would prefer to embed 'safety by design' principles across all of these services so that everyone, and not just children, are protected online.
But officials and lawmakers have decided that kids should receive enhanced protection, and that will have both positive and negative consequences over the next 12 months. Either way, those who have promoted such checks will have to grapple with such policymaking efforts that will inevitably lead to unexpected outcomes.
One thing is clear: the age of anonymity online is over.
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Expect to be asked, repeatedly, to prove your age when attempting to sign into popular digital services (if you haven't already done so.) Many of these requests will come via privacy-conscious mechanisms that will involve you providing some form of ID — or allowing your device to take a photo of your image — that will be quickly deleted once it has been verified by a third-party provider.
That, in theory, is how it is supposed to work. But technology has a sneaky way of not working how it is supposed to. And when it comes to people's personal data, such sensitive information is likely to be misused/mishandled in ways that endangers people's privacy online. I don't know exactly how that will play out. But if history has taught us anything, it's that sensitive data has a tendency of leaking out in ways that people don't expect. The quick rush to prove people's age online is unlikely to be any different.
That's the downside. Now the upside.
By narrowing the scope of online safety protections, lawmakers worldwide are about to provide us a live testbed to determine which privacy-by-design principles work — and which ones don't.
Does the banning of teenagers' data from serving up targeted ads make a difference? We're going to find out. Does it make sense to keep teenagers off TikTok until they can drive (in the US, at least)? Countries will give us that answer. Do facial recognition technologies provide accuracy when determining someone's age? We'll know pretty soon.
I still remain massively skeptical that such kid-focused online safety efforts will make the overall internet a better place to be. Nor do I think children will overly benefit from such well-meaning policymaking. But by throwing the kitchen sink at the problem in 2026, at least policymakers will provide some level of quantifiable evidence to hopefully tweak existing, and future, rules aimed at protecting children from the worst abuse online.
What I'm reading
— Several US tech giants altered their terms of service over the holiday period in ways that potentially cemented their power over the digital world, argues Dion Wiggins.
— So-called 'data poisoning', or where large language model's training data is manipulated to affect its behavior, is becoming an increasing risk, based on a report from The Alan Turing Institute.
— After the US administration imposes visa restrictions on 5 European researchers and ex-officials, one of those individuals, Imran Ahmed, sued to stay in the country. This is his legal appeal.
— AI systems ability to accurately fact-check live events remains poor and can lead to harmful outcomes, according to this first-person account from a US official.
— Europe must pursue a dual strategy of promoting local technology providers while also maintaining close ties to non-EU tech companies are part of its digital sovereignty agenda, claim two German national security officials in Atlantik-Brücke
Testing Laughing Gas for Rocket Propellant
Nitrous oxide’s high-speed abilities don’t end with racing cars, as it’s a powerful enough oxidizer to be a practical component of rocket propellant. Since [Markus Bindhammer] is building a hybrid rocket engine, in his most recent video he built and tested a convenient nitrous oxide dispenser.
The most commercially available form of nitrous oxide is as a propellant for whipped cream, for which it is sold as “cream chargers,” basically small cartridges of nitrous oxide which fit into cream dispensers. Each cartridge holds about eight grams of gas, or four liters at standard temperature and pressure. To use these, [Markus] bought a cream dispenser and disassembled it for the cartridge fittings, made an aluminium adapter from those fittings to a quarter-inch pipe, and installed a valve. As a quick test, he fitted a canister in, attached it to a hose, lit some paraffin firelighter, and directed a stream of nitrous oxide at it, upon which it burned much more brightly and aggressively.
It’s not its most well-known attribute in popular culture, but nitrous oxide’s oxidizing potential is behind most of its use by hackers, whether in racing or in rocketry. [Markus] is no stranger to working with nitrogen oxides, including the much more aggressively oxidizing nitrogen dioxide.
youtube.com/embed/x2kbrF5kHxI?…
How Do PAL and NTSC Really Work?
Many projects on these pages do clever things with video. Whether it’s digital or analogue, it’s certain our community can push a humble microcontroller to the limit of its capability. But sometimes the terminology is a little casually applied, and in particular with video there’s an obvious example. We say “PAL”, or “NTSC” to refer to any composite video signal, and perhaps it’s time to delve beyond that into the colour systems those letters convey.
Know Your Sub-carriers From Your Sync Pulses
A close-up on a single line of composite video from a Raspberry Pi.
A video system of the type we’re used to is dot-sequential. It splits an image into pixels and transmits them sequentially, pixel by pixel and line by line. This is the same for an analogue video system as it is for many digital bitmap formats. In the case of a fully analogue TV system there is no individual pixel counting, instead the camera scans across each line in a continuous movement to generate an analogue waveform representing the intensity of light. If you add in a synchronisation pulse at the end of each line and another at the end of each frame you have a video signal.
But crucially it’s not a composite video signal, because it contains only luminance information. It’s a black-and-white image. The first broadcast TV systems as for example the British 405 line and American 525 line systems worked in exactly this way, with the addition of a separate carrier for their accompanying sound.
The story of the NTSC colour TV standard’s gestation in the late 1940s is well known, and the scale of their achievement remains impressive today. NTSC, and PAL after it, are both compatible standards, which means they transmit the colour information alongside that black-and-white video, such that it doesn’t interfere with the experience of a viewer watching on a black-and-white receiver. They do this by adding a sub-carrier modulated with the colour information, at a frequency high enough to minimise its visibility on-screen. for NTSC this is 3.578MHz, while for PAL it’s 4.433MHz. These frequencies are chosen to fall between harmonics of the line frequency. It’s this combined signal which can justifiably be called composite video, and in the past we’ve descended into some of the complexities of its waveform.
It’s Your SDR’s I and Q, But Sixty Years Earlier
Block diagram of an NTSC colour decoder as found in a typical 1960s American TV set. Color TV Servicing, Buchsbaum, Walter H, 1968.
An analogue colour TV camera produces three video signals, one for each of the red, green, and blue components of the picture. Should you combine all three you arrive at that black-and-white video waveform, referred to as the luminance, or as Y. The colour information is then reduced to two further signals by computing the difference between the red and the luminance, or R-Y, and the blue and the luminance, or B-Y. These are then phase modulated as I-Q vectors onto the colour sub-carrier in the same way as happens in a software-defined radio.
At the receiver end, the decoder isolates the sub-carrier, I-Q demodulates it, and then rebuilds the R, G, and B, with a summing matrix. To successfully I-Q demodulate the sub-carrier it’s necessary to have a phase synchronised crystal oscillator, this synchronisation is achieved by sending out a short burst of the colour sub-carrier on its own at the start of the line. The decoder has a phase-locked-loop in order to perform the synchronisation.
So, Why The PAL Delay Line?
A PAL decoder module from a 1970s ITT TV. The blue component in the middle is the delay line. Mister rf, CC BY-SA 4.0.
There in a few paragraphs, is the essence of NTSC colour television. How is PAL different? In essence, PAL is NTSC, with some improvements to correct phase errors in the resulting picture. PAL stands for Phase Alternate Line, and means that the phase of those I and Q modulated signals swaps every line. The decoder is similar to an NTSC one and indeed an NTSC decoder set to that 4.433MHz sub-carrier could do a job of decoding it, but a fully-kitted out PAL decoder includes a one-line delay line to cancel out phase differences between adjacent lines. Nowadays the whole thing is done in the digital domain in an integrated circuit that probably also decodes other standards such as the French SECAM, but back in the day a PAL decoder was a foot-square analogue board covered in juicy parts highly prized by the teenage me. Since it was under a Telefunken patent there were manufacturers, in particular those from Japan, who would try to make decoders that didn’t infringe on that IP. Their usual approach was to create two NTSC decoders, one for each phase-swapped line.
So if you use “NTSC” to mean “525-line” and “PAL” to mean “625-line”, then everyone will understand what you mean. But make sure you’re including that colour sub-carrier, or you might be misleading someone.
The Rise and Fall of The In-Car Fax Machines
Once upon a time, a car phone was a great way to signal to the world that you were better than everybody else. It was a clear sign that you had money to burn, and implied that other people might actually consider it valuable to talk to you from time to time.
There was, however, a way to look even more important than the boastful car phone user. You just had to rock up to the parking lot with your very own in-car fax machine.
Dial It Up
Today, the fax machine is an arcane thing only popular in backwards doctor’s offices and much of Japan. We rely on email for sending documents from person A to person B, or fill out forms via dedicated online submission systems that put our details directly in to the necessary databases automatically. The idea of printing out a document, feeding it into a fax machine, and then having it replicated as a paper version at some remote location? It’s positively anachronistic, and far more work than simply using modern digital methods instead.
In 1990, Mercedes-Benz offered a fully-stocked mobile office in the S-Class. You got a phone, fax, and computer, all ready to be deployed from the back seat. Credit: Mercedes-Benz
Back in the early 90s though, the communications landscape looked very different. If you had a company executive out on the road, the one way you might reach them would be via their cell or car phone. That was all well and good if you wanted to talk, but if you needed some documents looked over or signed, you were out of luck.
Even if your company had jumped on the e-mail bandwagon, they weren’t going to be able to get online from a random truck stop carpark for another 20 years or so. Unless… they had a fax in the car! Then, you could simply send them a document via the regular old cellular phone network, their in-car fax would spit it out, and they could go over it and get it back to you as needed.
Of course, such a communications setup was considered pretty high end, with a price tag to match. You could get car phones on a wide range of models from the 1980s onwards, but faxes came along a little later, and were reserved for the very top-of-the-line machines.
Mercedes-Benz was one of the first automakers to offer a remote fax option in 1990, but you needed to be able to afford an S-Class to get it. With that said, you got quite the setup if you invested in the Büro-Kommunikationssystem package. It worked via Germany’s C-Netz analog cellular system, and combined both a car phone and an AEG Roadfax fax machine. The phone was installed in the backrest of one of the front seats, while the fax sat in the fold-down armrest in the rear. The assumption was that if you were important enough to have a fax in the car, you were also important enough to have someone else driving for you. You also got an AEG Olyport 40/20 laptop integrated into the back of the front seats, and it could even print to the fax machine or send data via the C-Netz connection.
BMW would go on to offer faxes in high-end 7 Series and limousine models. Credit: BMW
Not to be left out, BMW would also offer fax machines on certain premium 7 Series and L7 limousine models, though availability was very market-dependent. Some would stash a fax machine in the glove box, others would integrate it into the back rest of one of the front seats. Toyota was also keen to offer such facilities in its high-end models for the Japanese market. In the mid-90s, you could purchase a Toyota Celsior or Century with a fax machine secreted in the glove box. It even came with Toyota branding!
Ultimately, the in-car fax would be a relatively short-lived option in the luxury vehicle space, for several reasons. For one thing, it only became practical to offer an in-car fax in the mid-80s, when cellular networks started rolling out across major cities around the world.
By the mid-2000s, digital cell networks were taking over, and by the end of that decade, mobile internet access was trivial. It would thus become far more practical to use e-mail rather than a paper-based fax machine jammed into a car. Beyond the march of technology, the in-car fax was never going to be a particularly common selection on the options list. Only a handful of people ever really had a real need to fax documents on the go. Compared to the car phone, which was widely useful to almost anyone, it had a much smaller install base. Fax options were never widely taken up by the market, and had all but disappeared by 2010.
youtube.com/embed/0vbvu7EiWNA?…
The Toyota Celsior offered a nice healthy-sized fax machine in the 1990s, but it did take up the entire glove box.
These days, you could easily recreate a car-based fax-type experience. All you’d need would be a small printer and scanner, ideally combined into a single device, and a single-board computer with a cellular data connection. This would allow you to send and receive paper documents to just about anyone with an Internet connection. However, we’ve never seen such a build in the wild, because the world simply doesn’t run on paper anymore. The in-car fax was thus a technological curio, destined only to survive for maybe a decade or so in which it had any real utility whatsoever. Such is life!
Vorhersehbare Forderung: Gegen Stromausfall helfen keine Überwachungskameras
Digitale Gewalt: Musks Chatbot Grok verbreitet weiter sexualisierte Deepfakes
Bastian’s Night #458 January, 8th
Every Thursday of the week, Bastian’s Night is broadcast from 21:30 CET.
Bastian’s Night is a live talk show in German with lots of music, a weekly round-up of news from around the world, and a glimpse into the host’s crazy week in the pirate movement.
If you want to read more about @BastianBB: –> This way
pure la california vorrebbe probabilmente andarsene...
"Non vogliamo essere americani", la Groenlandia 'rifiuta' gli Stati Uniti di Trump
Dichiarazione congiunta dei partiti al presidente degli Stati Uniti, che ha ribadito la sua volontà di 'prendere' l'isola nell'ArticoRedazione Adnkronos (Adnkronos)
infodata.ilsole24ore.com/2026/…
secondo questo grafico trump ha attaccato il venezuela, lo stato sbagliato...
Dove si trovano le terre rare nel mondo? La mappa #BuoneFeste2026 - Info Data
Quando si parla di terre rare l’aggettivo inganna ma solo fino a un certo punto: non sono poi così rare. Sono 17 elementi — dal lantanio al lutezio più scandio e ittrio — ampiamente presenti nella crosta terrestre.Infodata (Info Data)
Meloni e la morale del carciofo
@Giornalismo e disordine informativo
articolo21.org/2026/01/meloni-…
Dalla conferenza stampa della presidente Meloni è uscita chiara, coerente e spaventosa la morale del “carciofo”, che può sedurre nell’immediato ma porta soltanto alla tragedia della guerra. Cosa è la morale del “carciofo”’ Il mix tra “deterrenza” ed “interesse nazionale”. La
Il Viminale e il dovere costituzionale
@Giornalismo e disordine informativo
articolo21.org/2026/01/il-vimi…
Come se l’apologia di fascismo potesse essere considerata una violazione secondaria
L'articolo Il Viminale e il dovere costituzionale proviene da Articolo21.
David ci servivi qui, e tanto
@Giornalismo e disordine informativo
articolo21.org/2026/01/david-c…
Dal quel triste 11 gennaio di quattro anni fa mi domando cosa sarebbe cambiato se avessimo ancora avuto David Sassoli in campo per la politica europea e per la politica italiana. Poco più di un mese dopo sarebbero partiti i carri armati russi per Kiev, l’anno dopo il 7 ottobre, Hamas,
Referendum Giustizia – Cesare Parodi: “Mi oppongo alla riforma costituzionale nell’interesse della cittadinanza”
@Giornalismo e disordine informativo
articolo21.org/2026/01/referen…
Alla vigilia della prima grande iniziativa del
Turchia, assolti gli avvocati di Istanbul: una vittoria rara nello Stato che imprigiona i suoi difensori
@Notizie dall'Italia e dal mondo
Assolto il vertice dell’Ordine di Istanbul dopo un processo politico seguito da osservatori internazionali: una crepa nel sistema repressivo, mentre centinaia di legali restano in carcere.
L'articolo
𝐒𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐚 𝐏𝐚𝐥𝐨𝐦𝐛𝐚 𝐢𝐥 𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐠𝐢𝐨 𝐝𝐢 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐞
𝐒𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐚 𝐏𝐚𝐥𝐨𝐦𝐛𝐚 𝐢𝐥 𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐠𝐢𝐨 𝐝𝐢 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐞
Un soliloquio per riflettere sul domani che non vogliamo. Scritto da Alessandro Lepidini (Portavoce dell'Unione dei Comitati contro l'inceneritore) e interpretato da Andrea Santarelli.
Stop Inc Fest - Santa Paolomba 26 agosto 2023
Insieme, diciamo NO all’inceneritore a Santa Palomba.
#Ambiente #Ecologia #NoInceneritore #RifiutiZero #TutelaDelTerritorio #SalutePubblica #RomaPulita #Sostenibilità #CrisiAmbientale #Termovalorizzatore
🔴 𝐑𝐄𝐏𝐋𝐈𝐂𝐀 𝐀 𝐆𝐔𝐀𝐋𝐓𝐈𝐄𝐑𝐈: 𝐋𝐚 𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐚̀ 𝐬𝐮𝐥𝐥'𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐞
Mentre il Sindaco Gualtieri "celebra" l'impianto di Copenaghen, noi riportiamo i piedi per terra.
In questi video, Alessandro Lepidini (Portavoce dell'Unione dei Comitati contro l'inceneritore) replica alla " Sviolinata " di Gualtieri sul termovalorizzatore di Copenaghen.
Alla narrazione unilaterale attendiamo ancora Confronti Reali.
Video realizzati dal Comitato No Inceneritore a Santa Palomba.
👇 Condividi per informare i cittadini.
#Ambiente #Ecologia #NoInceneritore #RifiutiZero #TutelaDelTerritorio #SalutePubblica #RomaPulita #Sostenibilità #CrisiAmbientale #Termovalorizzatore
Non solo Venezuela, perché è pop negli Usa la difesa cyber
Per vedere altri post come questo, segui la comunità @Informatica (Italy e non Italy 😁)
“Spegnere le luci” di Caracas: la guerra tecnologica americana smette di essere segreta. Questa trasformazione della difesa non è solo una strategia di marketing politico, ma è diventata essenziale per la gestione e l’attrazione del talento, tema cruciale della competizione
Bicicletta Donna per la città - Questo è un post automatico da FediMercatino.it
Prezzo: 0 $
Bicicletta Bianca usata da donna perfettamente funzionante, copertoni da sostituire. Regalo a chi viene a ritirarla. Roma Cinecittà
In margine all'Anello del Nibelungo di Wagner
Nell'Anello del Nibelungo di Wagner appare evidente che tutto lo svolgimento dell'azione dall'inizio (l'oro del Reno) fino alla fine (Il crepuscolo degli dei) dipende dalla moglie di Wotan, Frika che detta i comportamenti al marito a cui il capo degli dei non si può sottrarre.
A margine di tutto ciò mi domando perché Frika ha sposato il guercio megalomane, traditore infingardo del matrimonio con tutte le sue scappatelle.
In sostanza il messaggio dell'opera non è solo una pesante critica del potere politico che uccide persino i più amati figli dei potenti con le guerre e le stesse armi del genitore solo per desiderio di potere, di ricchezza e di apparire con oggetti immaginifici che solo loro possono avere. È anche uno spaccato familiare di interessi divergenti fra coniugi che operano uno in conflitto con l'altro perché vogliono solo affermare il loro dominio personale.
Se non fosse stato per la bellezza della musica e le tesi anarchiche accuratamente nascoste l'opera sarebbe stata vittima della censura e mai rappresentata.
Perciò dobbiamo ringraziare la miopia dei censori che ci hanno lasciato un'opera attualissima come contenuti politici e di disgregazione familiare.
L'unico problema è che non abbiamo le tre Norne che ci predicano la distruzione con l'incendio del Valhalla per la liberazione dei popoli dal giogo dei potenti traditori guerci e megalomani.
ALEPPO. L’esercito siriano afferma di aver preso Sheikh Maqsoud, le forze curde negano
@Notizie dall'Italia e dal mondo
Secondo fonti curde, le fazioni affiliate al governo continuano i bombardamenti, colpendo infrastrutture civili
L'articolo ALEPPO. L’esercito siriano afferma di aver preso Sheikh Maqsoud, le forze curde negano proviene da Pagine Esteri.
Recupera il tuo vecchio pc
estelinux.serviziliberi.it/rec…
Segnalato dall'Internet User Group di #Este e pubblicato sulla comunità Lemmy @GNU/Linux Italia
#Este
Se il tuo computer sembra sia passato da nuovo a modalità tartaruga, questo è il posto giusto per trovare una soluzione 😎Molti utenti notano cali di
La legge che muove il mondo è la digitalizzazione
Per vedere altri post come questo, segui la comunità @Informatica (Italy e non Italy 😁)
"La legge che muove il mondo" (Liberilibri) di Gordon E. Moore letto da Francesco Provinciali
Non solo Venezuela, perché è pop negli Usa la difesa cyber
Per vedere altri post come questo, segui la comunità @Informatica (Italy e non Italy 😁)
“Spegnere le luci” di Caracas: la guerra tecnologica americana smette di essere segreta. Questa trasformazione della difesa non è solo una strategia di marketing politico, ma è diventata essenziale per la gestione e l’attrazione del talento, tema cruciale della competizione
Per vedere altri post come questo, segui la comunità @Informatica (Italy e non Italy 😁)
L'intelligenza artificiale nella scoperta e sperimentazione dei farmaci tra GSK, Insilico Medicine, gemelli digitali e nuovi modelli biologici. L'articolo
Illusione e scaramanzia
@Politica interna, europea e internazionale
L'articolo Illusione e scaramanzia proviene da Fondazione Luigi Einaudi.
Perché è pop negli Usa la difesa cyber
Per vedere altri post come questo, segui la comunità @Informatica (Italy e non Italy 😁)
“Spegnere le luci” di Caracas: la guerra tecnologica americana smette di essere segreta. Questa trasformazione della difesa non è solo una strategia di marketing politico, ma è diventata essenziale per la gestione e l’attrazione del talento, tema cruciale della competizione